This document discusses how advances in genome sequencing and gene editing technologies will impact humans by 2020. Key points include: genomes can now be sequenced for $100, with the goal of sequencing 100,000 genomes by 2020; this data will provide opportunities to understand and construct the human genome; gene editing allows modifying genomes by targeting specific genes, though challenges remain around immune response and safety; gene editing could enhance human traits like strength and endurance through targeting genes like IGF-1 and myostatin.

1. Humansin2020Ramez Naam@ramez

2. Three Ingredients

4. Motivation is Medical

5. AcceptableHuman Baseline

6. ?Human BaselineQuestionable!

8. External != Internal

9. ??Human Baseline

10. The Power to Heal=The Power to Enhance

11. Our Population is Aging

12. A Worldwide Phenomenon

14. Disability as a Function of Age

15. Lost With Age

16. A Very Large Motivator

17. Order: Trillions of $’s

18. Ten Thousand Dollars

19. One Million Dollars

20. One Billion Dollars

21. One Trillion DollarsYou Are Here

23. So What?

24. Opportunity?

25. Knowledge

26. Understanding

27. Human Construction

32. Goal: 100,000 Genomes by 2020

33. 2020: $100 Genome

34. Millions of Genomes Sequenced

35. Millions of Individual Humans

36. Every Mammalian Species

37. Lots of Data to Mine

39. What Will We Find?

41. Knowing is Half the Battle

42. The Other Half is Doing

43. If the Genome is Digital

44. Can We Edit It?

45. Sometimes

50. Some Challenges

51. Immune Response

52. Cancer (from retroviral vectors)

53. Number of Cells Changed

54. Progress

58. Strength & Endurance: IGF-1, Myostatin, PPAR-Delta

59. Oxygen Capacity: EPO

60. “About half the emails I get now are from athletes” - Gene Therapy Researcher Lee Sweeney

61. More Provocative Changes are Likely Possible

62. In Summary

63. We Are Approaching the Day of the Editable Genome

65. Humansin2020Ramez Naam@ramez