Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group is neurological disorder. An epileptic seizure is a paroxysm(sudden) of uncontrolled discharges of neurons causing an event that is discernible(visible) by the person experiencing the seizures or by the observer. The tendency to have recurrent attacks is known as epilepsy.
phenytoin,phenobarbital,sodium valporate ,carbamazepine,clonazepam and diazepam, lamotrigine,pregabalin,felbamate,zonisamide, ETHOSUXIMIDE, LEVETIRACETAM, OXACARBAZEPINE, PRIMIDONE
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group is neurological disorder. An epileptic seizure is a paroxysm(sudden) of uncontrolled discharges of neurons causing an event that is discernible(visible) by the person experiencing the seizures or by the observer. The tendency to have recurrent attacks is known as epilepsy.
phenytoin,phenobarbital,sodium valporate ,carbamazepine,clonazepam and diazepam, lamotrigine,pregabalin,felbamate,zonisamide, ETHOSUXIMIDE, LEVETIRACETAM, OXACARBAZEPINE, PRIMIDONE
The epilepsies are a spectrum of brain disorders ranging from severe,
life-threatening and disabling, to ones that are much
more benign. In epilepsy, the normal
pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing strange
sensations, emotions,
and behavior or sometimes convulsions,
muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness. The epilepsies have many
possible causes
and there are several types of seizures.
Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity—from
illness to brain
damage to abnormal brain development—can
lead to seizures.
Epilepsy may develop because of an abnormality in
brain wiring,
an imbalance of nerve signaling chemicals
called neurotransmitters, changes in important features of brain cells
called channels,
or some combination of these and other
factors. Having a single seizure as the result of a high fever (called
febrile seizure)
or head injury does not necessarily mean
that a person has epilepsy. Only when a person has had two or more
seizures is he
or she considered to have epilepsy. A
measurement of electrical activity in the brain and brain scans such as
magnetic resonance
imaging or computed tomography are common
diagnostic tests for epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes repeated, sudden, brief changes in the brain's electrical activity. These changes cause various types of symptoms.
Prognosis of epilepsy disease definition, mortality, relapse risks explainedsahil136
pilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by recurrent sudden episodes of convulsions, sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness correlated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Abstract: Epilepsy is a serious and common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are caused by abnormal synchronized neuronal disorders. It is a relatively common condition (up to 2% of the population) which can affect anyone at any age. Epilepsy can be controlled in a number of ways. The most common way to treat epilepsy is with anti-epileptic drugs. These AEDs can control but not cure epilepsy. Surgery can also be a possible treatment. Curative epilepsy surgery can only be performed in patients in whom the epileptogenic focus can be localized and does not overlap with eloquent brain areas. In the other patients with bilateral or multiple epileptogenic foci, with epilepsy onset in eloquent areas, or with no identifiable epileptogenic focus, treatments such as ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation can be offered. VNS is an available procedure of which the mechanism of action is not understood, but with established efficacy for refractory epilepsy and low incidence of side-effects. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, moderate protein, low carbohydrate diet used to treat intractable epilepsy, primary in the pediatric population. Hippocampal Deep Brain Stimulation has been used to treat patients with refractory epilepsy. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for epilepsy such as apuncture, aromatherapy, yoga etc may be used for lessening seizures, for alleviating related symptoms and for reducing side effects. Gene therapy aims to utilize viral and non-viral vectors in the delivery of DNA to target areas for the treatment of patients before their disease progresses. Gene therapy has delivered promising results in animal trials and pre-clinical settings and can be used for neurological disorders such as epilepsy.
Attorney Christopher J. Marzzacco represents injured victims throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As a Plaintiffs Personal Injury Lawyer, Mr. Marzzacco has successfully handled cases for his clients against those responsible for injuring them. Mr. Marzzacco’s practice emphasizes representing persons injured by others in automobile and trucking accidents, but also represents persons injured in slip and fall accidents, work accidents, and other incidents where others have caused injury.
The epilepsies are a spectrum of brain disorders ranging from severe,
life-threatening and disabling, to ones that are much
more benign. In epilepsy, the normal
pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing strange
sensations, emotions,
and behavior or sometimes convulsions,
muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness. The epilepsies have many
possible causes
and there are several types of seizures.
Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity—from
illness to brain
damage to abnormal brain development—can
lead to seizures.
Epilepsy may develop because of an abnormality in
brain wiring,
an imbalance of nerve signaling chemicals
called neurotransmitters, changes in important features of brain cells
called channels,
or some combination of these and other
factors. Having a single seizure as the result of a high fever (called
febrile seizure)
or head injury does not necessarily mean
that a person has epilepsy. Only when a person has had two or more
seizures is he
or she considered to have epilepsy. A
measurement of electrical activity in the brain and brain scans such as
magnetic resonance
imaging or computed tomography are common
diagnostic tests for epilepsy.
Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes repeated, sudden, brief changes in the brain's electrical activity. These changes cause various types of symptoms.
Prognosis of epilepsy disease definition, mortality, relapse risks explainedsahil136
pilepsy is a neurological disorder marked by recurrent sudden episodes of convulsions, sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness correlated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Abstract: Epilepsy is a serious and common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, which are caused by abnormal synchronized neuronal disorders. It is a relatively common condition (up to 2% of the population) which can affect anyone at any age. Epilepsy can be controlled in a number of ways. The most common way to treat epilepsy is with anti-epileptic drugs. These AEDs can control but not cure epilepsy. Surgery can also be a possible treatment. Curative epilepsy surgery can only be performed in patients in whom the epileptogenic focus can be localized and does not overlap with eloquent brain areas. In the other patients with bilateral or multiple epileptogenic foci, with epilepsy onset in eloquent areas, or with no identifiable epileptogenic focus, treatments such as ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation can be offered. VNS is an available procedure of which the mechanism of action is not understood, but with established efficacy for refractory epilepsy and low incidence of side-effects. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, moderate protein, low carbohydrate diet used to treat intractable epilepsy, primary in the pediatric population. Hippocampal Deep Brain Stimulation has been used to treat patients with refractory epilepsy. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for epilepsy such as apuncture, aromatherapy, yoga etc may be used for lessening seizures, for alleviating related symptoms and for reducing side effects. Gene therapy aims to utilize viral and non-viral vectors in the delivery of DNA to target areas for the treatment of patients before their disease progresses. Gene therapy has delivered promising results in animal trials and pre-clinical settings and can be used for neurological disorders such as epilepsy.
Attorney Christopher J. Marzzacco represents injured victims throughout the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As a Plaintiffs Personal Injury Lawyer, Mr. Marzzacco has successfully handled cases for his clients against those responsible for injuring them. Mr. Marzzacco’s practice emphasizes representing persons injured by others in automobile and trucking accidents, but also represents persons injured in slip and fall accidents, work accidents, and other incidents where others have caused injury.
James (Jim) Ronca is a shareholder of the personal injury law firm Anapol Schwartz. For more than 30 years, attorney Jim Ronca has focused his practice on major car and truck accident cases. Jim Ronca was voted one of the Top100 Lawyers in Pennsylvania and was awarded an AV Peer Review Rating by Lexis Nexis Martindale- Hubbell. In 2005 and 2006 Jim was selected by Philadelphia magazine as one of the top 100 lawyers in the entire state of Pennsylvania. No other Central Pennsylvania attorney received this honor. In 2004, he was named a “Super Lawyer” by Philadelphia Magazine, based on a statewide poll of lawyers.
Pregnancy and SNRIs - Babies of women exposed to SNRIs during late pregnancy may develop complications that require hospitalization, respiratory support, and/or tube feeding. Other symptoms experienced by newborns are: seizures,
lack of oxygen in the blood, tremors, difficulty breathing, difficulty feeding, constant crying, and irritability. PPHN is associated with significant complications and even death. Women who take SNRIs after week 20 of pregnancy have a six-fold increase of delivering a baby with PPHN.
An estimated 1.3 million employees in construction and general industry face significant asbestos exposure on the job. Heaviest exposures occur in the construction industry, particularly during the removal of asbestos during renovation or demolition. Employees are also likely to be exposed during the manufacture of asbestos products (such as textiles, friction products, insulation, and other building materials) and during automotive brake and clutch repair work.
Do you have Tekturna safety concerns? Ask your doctor and your lawyer. While high blood pressure is serious; the antidote should not be more threatening.
The Army has halted sales of DMAA products on Army bases while it conducts a safety review. The concern comes after two soldiers died from heart attacks after fitness exercises and DMAA was found in their systems. The Army also reports receiving reports of liver failure, kidney failure, seizures, loss of consciousness and rapid heartbeat from soldiers who have taken DMAA containing products.
Epilepsy: A Neurological Condition Affecting the Nervous System. Epilepsy is also known as a seizure disorder. Here is a quick who, what, where, when, why, and how about epilepsy.
PHILADELPHIA—March 26, marks Purple Day or Epilepsy Awareness Day. People
all over the world will be raising awareness about epilepsy, a disease often kept
under wraps for fear of ostracizing and lack of understanding.
Fall 2010 Anapol Advocate Newsletter by the Philadelphia Lawyers at Anapol Schwartz. We have offices Philadelphia PA, Cherry Hill NJ, Media PA, Reading PA Harrisburg PA, Wheeling WV, (of Counsel) Clark Perdue & List & Co. LPA
in Columbus OH, and Scottsdale AZ.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.