1) Music videos originated as promotional tools for selling music recordings and became popular in the 1980s with the rise of MTV, which based its format around music videos. 2) There are generally three types of music videos: performance videos that feature the artist performing on stage, narrative videos that tell a mini story, and symbolic videos that use abstract imagery and symbolism. 3) Music video conventions vary by genre but generally involve showing the artist performing synced to the lyrics, editing that matches the pace of the music, and stylistic elements that reflect the mood of the song.

1. M u s i c V i d e o R e s e a r c h

2. A music video is a short film or video that accompanies an wide-ranging portion of music/song. Modern music videos are principally made and used as a marketing devise intended to advance the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, this was then developed and became more popular within the 1980s, when MTV based their format around the medium, and later with the launch of VH1. The term "music video" first became well-known and used in the early 1980s. Here is a YouTube link, to one of the first music video’s to be previewed on MTV: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSJ27TgBvJE “ The Buggles- Video Killed The Radio Star” Video Origins

3. Music video performance consists of either the whole of the video or several parts of it including live, on-stage performance by the artist. A clear example of this is a video by The big pink- Dominos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGnNlQ-KNv4 , the video for this song uses on-stage performance continuing throughout. Type Of Music Video Type 1: Performance

4. A narrative in a music video is much like a mini-movie, Gwen Stefani uses narrative in many of her music videos, Gwen Stefani- cool tells a story, as she meets her ex boyfriends current girlfriend: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGwZ7MNtBFU Type Of Music Video Type 2: Narrative

5. Some video’s are very symbolic and have many meanings, both clear and hidden. Most songs that don’t make much sense usually have a symbolic meaning, once looked into, the current artist “Lady Gaga” stars in her own music videos, almost all of them are symbolic videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrO4YZeyl0I -Bad romance, the video for this song is a mix of deep symbolism containing randomness, artistic fashion with corporate product placements and modern day corruption with religious imagery, all rolled up in a great big music industry festivity. Type Of Music Video Type 3: Symbolic

6. The conventions of a music video vary depending on genre of music, the way things are done within the video this also describes the genre of the music video . However, some general conventions include the artist is shown performing, the lyrics of the song influence what is shown in the video, the pace of editing fits the pace of the music, and the codes of dress reflect the mood of the song. Codes And Conventions

7. The codes and conventions of Editing and sound Jump cutting Scenes edited to match music Split screens Diegetic sound Changes in sound level The codes and conventions of Mise-en-scene Props Costume Location Character – if narrative is included The codes and conventions of Camera: Variety of shots depending on style Crane shots Low angles Pans Tilting

8. Codes - Editing (using different techniques is important in creating different moods and emotions to fit in with the style of music that is accompanied by the video) - Camera movement (swish pans, tracking shots, etc) - Using a variety of angles (rather than sticking to one type of shot which will bore audiences and loose their interest) - Mise-en-scene (props, costumes, lighting, locations, etc) Conventions - Tend to be based around a person’s feelings and emotions (e.g. a girl singing about a boy) - Shots on the artist or others singing the lyrics (lip syncing is one of the most important things to get right) - There is usually a link between the lyrics, genre and style of music with the actual video (i.e. a dance video usually has the codes of conventions of flashing lights, spotlights which is accompanied by the lyrics; usually talk about clubbing and an energetic lifestyle.