Music Paper Chapter 1

Music Paper Chapter 1
I. INTRODUCTION
I went to a concert held at Carnegie Hall in New York, New York, on Sunday, February 14, 2016.
The concert was performed by The Cleveland Orchestra. It was an all–Mozart program conducted
by Mitsuko Uchida. The concert performed 3 pieces of Mozart's work: Piano Concerto No. 17,
Symphony No. 34 and Piano Concerto No. 25. I chose to focus on the last piece played in the
concert Piano Concerto No. 25 in C Major, K. 503.
II. BACKGROUND OF COMPOSITION The work is a concerto completed by Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart on December 4, 1786, and it is the last of the twelve great piano concertos written in Vienna
between 1784 and 1786. The concerto is one of Mozart's longest with a duration of about 33 ...
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The orchestral sound felt liquid in nuance and Uchida balanced them with every phrase of her
performance. With the piano leading, the Cleveland Orchestra followed with the taste, vitality and
elegancy of Mozart and played with the charm through its delightful melodies and engaging writing.
I can especially sense the accents of trumpets and drums and enjoy how they brought a regal
splendor into the outer movements of the concerto. In the sway of her body, I was impressed by
Uchida's passion for her instrument; through her strokes of the keys, I understood her fervor about
Mozart's music. I can also feel a touching tenderness in Uchida's rendition of Mozart, manifesting
her love for the music.
V. CONCLUSION
"Overwhelmingly beautiful" is the description I would give to this enjoyable concert. When this
team of professionals, which includes a pianist, conductor and orchestra performed together, all
three were fully engaged in making the whole concert elegant. Even without professional music
appreciation knowledge, I still find Piano Concerto No. 25 in C Major, K. 503 embodies all that is
elegant about Mozart's sublime concerti and delivers very articulate understanding of Mozart's spirit
in music. The impersonal imagination and artistic delight brought by music is the most precious
legacy left for us by the great musicians like Mozart.
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Analysis Of J. S. Bach Concerto Bach 593 No 3 No 2
J. S. Bach Concerto BWV 593 A. Vivaldi Concerto op. 3 no 8, RV 522
Mov I (No description) Allegro
Mov II Adagio Larghetto e spiritoso
Mov III Allegro Allegro
Mov I Allegro Allegro
Mov II Largo Largo
Mov I (No description) Allegro
Mov II Largo Largo – Larghetto – Adagio – Largo
No 2. the internal structure of the individual movements. We have a ritornello construction in the
outer parts and a section of improvisation in the middle.
No. 3 harmonic structure of the piece even when he transposes the piece to a new key.
No. 4 the melody of the subjects.
It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Concerto RV 522 and BWV 593/III/137–141
Passages with big interval jumps that in the organ transcription become more linear.
EXAMPLE 2 Concerto RV 522 and BWV 593/III/105–107
Bach also changes the passages consisting of fast repeated notes that are impossible to perform on
the organ.
EXAMPLE 3 Concerto RV 522 and BWV 593/I/72–75
We can also see Bach changing the way of notating to make it easier for the performer to play the
particular section of the piece.
EXAMPLE 4 Concerto RV 522 and BWV 593/III/76–79
In a harpsichord concerto in F major BWV 978 there is only one section in which Bach modified the
violin figure based on the repeated notes and changed it to a more harpsichord–like figuration with

the repeated note at the top. The short and airy tone of the harpsichord allows, unlike the organ, to
easily assimilate the violin parts.
EXAMPLE 5 (BWV 978 / III / 56–71)
Let's now talk about the most important changes – changes in the texture.
Bach made the texture more dense by using the motives more often. When it comes to the organ
concerto, it meant adding extra voice in the middle
EXAMPLE 6 Concerto RV 522 and BWV 593/I/6–8
As we can see, Bach added a semiquaver motive that works as an imitation to the middle voice
(marked with a) and also added a broken chord motive in the middle voice that is followed by the
original motive in the top voice (marked with b). Thanks to

Essay A. Marcello Oboe Concerto in D Minor
Charles Pridgen
CONS–422a
From the journal of Antonio Vivaldi
December 12, 1717
As noted in a previous journal entry, I had made a trip to Cöthen where the great composer, Johann
Sebastian Bach, is under the service of Prince Leopold. There I heard a recent keyboard
transcription of Bach's. The transcription was of a piece called Concerto in D minor for Oboe,
Strings and Basso Continuo. Bach listed the composer as the well–known Venetian composer
Benedetto Marcello. As I listened to the piece, I was captured by the simple yet eloquent melodies
that were presented but I also was curious as I had not known of Benedetto to write for oboe. I also
know that Marcello stated, "Oboes, flutes, trumpets, bassoons, etc., will always be out of ... Show
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There are three Marcello brothers, Alessandro, Benedetto and Girolamo, who were born of nobility
here in Venice. Benedetto is well–known for his music. Alessandro composes also but his interests
actually lie more with philosophy, mathematics, history, chemistry, painting and poetry. Alessandro
has a small body of work in music. This is probably due to him being much more of a figure head in
the Venetian government since his father passed away in 1707. Benedetto has a much larger body of
work composing of many instrumental and sacred vocal pieces. I recalled that considering the
academic pursuits of the Marcellos, that it was possible that they were members of the Arcadian
colony. The Arcadians were a new movement of intellectuals that emphasized the respect of artistic
achievement and a return to the Greek ideals that music and poetry worked together. They also
wished to avoid lavish displays and encouraged simplicity. The Arcadians would also use
pseudonyms and I discovered that the pseudonym of "Eterio Stinfalico" belonged to Alessandro
Marcello.
Now that I learned who the true author was, I went to seek out Alessandro. It is typical of nobles
such as the Marcello to conduct concerts in their home. I went to the Palazzo Marcello and
discovered a concert was being performed that had the concerto on its program. The oboist was
unknown to me. The audience contained mostly nobles and government

Concerto Grosso Music
Baroque Concerto Grosso
A Concerto Grosso is a genre of music where the musical material is passed between a small group
of soloists (the concertino) and a full orchestra (the ripieno). The concertino generally has more
virtuosic music than the ripieno, and they do not often share thematic material. It was developed in
the late 17th Century, although the term 'Concerto Grosso' would not be used until 1698 when
Gregori published a set of 10 compositions.
There are 2 forms of the Concerto Grosso – the concerto da chíesa (a church concert) and the
concerto da camera (a chamber concert). The concerto da chíesa alternated between fast and slow
movements, and the concerto da camera was similar to a suite, in that it was introduced by a
prelude, and incorporated popular dance ideas of the time.
Concerto Grosso in D minor Concerto Grosso in D minor was composed by Antonio Vivaldi and
was published in 1711. The concertino is made up of two violins and a cello, and the ripieno is made
up of strings and a continuo. For the first 20 bars of the piece, the two solo violins play
unaccompanied. The second movement (the Adagio e spiccato) is extremely short (only three bars
long), and the instrumentation is tutti, as everyone is playing. In the third movement the solo cello
does not play as the solo violins converse with each other. The Concerto is in D minor, and rarely
changes key, however it does modulate briefly to the subdominant and the dominant keys (G minor
and A minor).

Beethoven's Violin Concerto
Ludwig van Beethoven is considered one of the greatest and most influential composers in the
history of music. His Violin Concerto in D Major has been played by nearly every soloist in the past
150 years and, today, it is one of the major works in violin repertoire. Since its premiere by Franz
Clement in the winter of 1806, many aspects of the violin, bow, and performance have undergone
changes. This paper discusses the modern day knowledge of Beethoven 's Violin Concerto, and how
it is influencing the way violinists interpret and perform the concerto. It also points out some of the
different performance styles starting from Clement 's time to the present day. Ludwig van Beethoven
(1770 – 1827) was born in Bonn, which is part of modern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Joachim also composed two cadenzas for the concerto, but most players today choose the Viennese
violinist Fritz Kreisler 's cadenzas from the 1920 's.8 When Beethoven was writing the Violin
Concerto, orchestral instruments were very similar to those used in Haydn 's and Mozart 's time.9
During the 19th century, violin luthiers were trying to recreate Italian Stradivari and Guarneri
models, including the most famous luthier in Germany during Beethoven 's time. Rode, Kruetzer,
Baillot, all alive during Beethoven 's time period, were known to play on Stradivarius violins, with
pernambuco wood bows that were of the Tourte style.10 François Tourte was the most innovative
bow maker of all times, and he invented the modern bow, which produced a bigger sound, and
allowed for a new galaxy of bow techniques. All subsequent bows have been variations of the Tourte
style. Violins during Beethoven 's time used gut strings, made from sheep or goat intestines. It
produced a softer, darker sound than that of modern strings made of metal and synthetic materials,
introduced around the third quarter of the 19th century. Other changes to the violin after Beethoven
's time include the use of the chin and shoulder rests, which were created by the violinist Louis
Spohr (1784 – 1859). The chin rest lifts the the chin above the violin, so that it does not have to
touch the violin top, allowing it resonate better with less damping.11 Many of the

Expressiveness In A Youtube Video Of Corelli's Christmas...
Expressiveness is something that communicates a well–defined mood. In music, this is done by
making notes mean something. With this, the audience doesn't just hear music. They feel it. In a
Youtube video of Corelli's Christmas Concerto, an ensemble does this through many different ways.
First, they made use of transitions. At 1:02, the players changed over into a faster tempo than before.
The opposite is done at 1:22, where the change of tempo is done with one single note. The legato
that dominates much of the music conveys a sense of calmness. On the other hand, the staccato–
esque section and fast tempo from 1:02 to 1:22 creates a sense of tension in the piece. These two
moods contrast each other and add another sense of dimension to the music.

The Concert Of Mozart 's Concerto Symphony
On Saturday April 16, 2016, I went with my fiancé to Jones Hall to see the Houston Symphony
perform a classical concert. The concert consisted of two pieces. Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 3 in
G major and Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 in E major. The orchestra was conducted by Thomas
Sondergard from Denmark. The concert lasted for about 2 hours with a 15 minute intermission.
Although the concert started a little late, the first piece was Mozart's Concerto No. 3, which he
composed when he was 19. The instruments played in this piece were 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 horns, and
strings. The violin soloist was Karen Gomyo. There were 3 movements to this piece, and as I
learned in class, this was definitely a classical concerto.
The first movement is played Allegro in Sonata form. The mood of this movement was bright and
cheerful. I liked how the orchestra accompanied the violin. In the second movement it was played
Adagio. Because the movement was slower, the mood was a little more tranquil. I liked this
movement, because you could hear the violin solo playing an octave higher than the orchestra. The
third movement which was the finale, was played Rondeau Allegro. In this movement, I really
enjoyed the playfulness of this movement. The violin solo was quite impressive. Overall, this entire
piece was quite enjoyable, I really liked the playing back and forth with the solo and orchestra. The
orchestra played in tune and everyone was definitely playing in rhythm and were well prepared. I

Write An Essay On The Piano Concerto
In Ravel's Piano Concerto in G, the fundamental concerto principle of contrast is expressed through
his experimentation of timbre, range, and color coupled with his use of rhythm, polytonality, and
orchestration. In the first movement, Allegramente, the interaction, balance, and relationship
between the piano and orchestra change from section to section and also within sections to give
structure for the whole work. Ravel's orchestration, especially in the use of percussion and harp, are
important factors in adding to the character, timbre, and structure. His use of bitonality, polytonality,
and overall tonal ambiguity are also important in how he allowed the solo to stand up against the
orchestra and create tension and climax.
There's an immediate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is apparent from the beginning of the movement where whenever the piano was featured alone,
it expressed lyricism and color. It is also unusual in that the left hand carries the melodic content
while the right hand trills, which may be a response to the previous section with the woodwinds
flutter tonguing. Three measures before rehearsal 28 is marked accelerando, which is where I as the
soloist would plan ahead with the conductor on how I would build the

Richard B. Klaus : A Listening Guide
In his concerto for trombone and orchestra, Concertino in Eb Major, Ferdinand David composed a
concerto that would forever change the world of trombone. Since its original composition in 1837,
the Concertino has become a standard piece of trombone repertoire. While it is believed that there
have been changes since the original score was written, it still remains to be a staple in the education
of trombone players.
Recent Scholarship Kenneth B. Klaus wrote a book which studies the Romantic Period in Music. In
this book, Klaus states in the preface that the romantic period in music (as well as any other art
from) is not a time where everything is the same, but is uniformed in the sense that they are moving
away from the standard form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He and his sister both were child prodigies, and took their music very seriously. Some have believed
that David played a part in influencing his sister to practice the piano, while others believe that she
had as much natural talent as he did.
Along with violin lessons with Spohr, David studied music theory with Moritz Hauptmann starting
at the age of 13. This is believed to be what caused him to want to be a conductor and a composer,
since he was actively involved in music theory from such a young age. Eventually David began to
study with Felix Mendelssohn who became his primary mentor and inspiration. While in his early
years studying under Mendelssohn, David was an active performer with various orchestras that
Mendelssohn had connections in, but eventually David finally packed away the violin and became
the conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra. David was the conductor of the Gewandhaus Orchestra
for the rest of his life.
While in his last years, David was urged by his doctors not to play the violin anymore. His response
was something along the lines of "If I cannot play, then I do not want to live", which shows his
dedication to his craft regardless of age. David is remembered primarily for his transcriptions, a
bassoon concerto, and his trombone concerto.
History of the Concerto
When the Concertino in Eb Major was written, David had just assumed the leadership of the
Gewandhaus Orchestra. The reason that the concertino was written was

Antonio Vivaldi Four Seasons Concerto
In the 1700s, Antonio Vivaldi composed his highly accredited Four Seasons concerto. The autumn
movement in this concerto follows the allegro–adagio–allegro pattern. Vivaldi provided sonnets to
go along with each movement to explain what the true meanings are. As a group, we felt it was
necessary to provide all of our reactions to the piece. This allowed us to interpret what each of the
others were visualizing throughout the composition. Some of our opinions may have varied, but
overall the general mood of the piece allowed us each to have the same emotions toward the
Autumn movement of the Four Seasons. For the first allegro movement, the music sounds upbeat,
fast, and cheerful. In the sonnet, Vivaldi explains the townspeople are celebrating ... Show more
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The tempo throughout the song varies from adagio to allegro, but favors the allegro speed in most of
the piece. As most of us have agreed, this specific movement is very repetitive in texture and tone.
We believe repetition is a main them in the song to help the listener get a feel for the piece and help
them memorize it better. As the melody progresses, the tone and volume of the piece make a drastic
change. It slows down as to show the time of year is slowing. No longer are children running and
playing outside, it portrays winter being right around the corner. The tone continues to fall lower,
giving the listener a feel of sorrow, as if death is in the air. The visualization of leaves falling is
imprinted in the listeners mind. Then suddenly, the tempo rapidly picks up and jumps right back into
the main chorus, which is abruptly cut short. The tune firmly begins to build up as it almost lullabies
the listener through the composition, while the volume steadily increases. I can picture myself
swaying in the wind to the cool fall breeze as the sun sets on the warm colors of the fall leaves. Just
as the lullaby seems to pick up in pace, it slowly fades in to the distance. Once again the volume of
the piece quickly increases and has the listener on the edge of their seat as joy fills the air. The pitch
jumps from low to high between each instrument as they begin to

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, A Prolific Writer Of Concertos
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1757 – 1791, was a prolific writer of concertos, composing 27 piano
concertos. Throughout his writing he developed the use of the cadenza, highlighting the performer's
talent with a virtuosic passage. Not all Mozart's cadenzas have survived therefore future composers
have attempted to recreate these passages, often reflecting the period in which they were written.
Cadenza comes from the Latin 'Cadere', 'to fall' and broadly means a flourish at the end of a single
melodic line. In the Medieval period pieces contained flourishes to enhance their final cadences,
though few were notated. This is the cadenza in its earliest form. In late seventeenth–century opera
the 'improvised cadenza' was purely virtuosic notes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of this is in the first movement of C.P.E. Bach's Harpsichord Concerto in G major H475
below.
Ex. 1: Obbligato cadenzas in C.P.E. Bach Harpsichord Concerto, H 475, First Movement. By the
mid eighteenth century the cadenza had become an established element of the concerto, a tradition
contributed to by the fact that the cadenza added drama, created contrast between the tutti and solo
performer and created a conclusion. Most cadenzas were at a cadential six–four, placed toward the
final solo section of the movement as shown above.
Mozart was an influential composer in the eighteenth century, composing many of his works for the
pianoforte. Mozart's early cadenzas do not usually quote from the movement within which they
were written. These 'generic' cadenzas often consist of scales and arpeggios which, in theory, could
be transferred for use in another concerto in similar tempo and key. This happens in the cadenza of
the first movement of K. 238 in B–flat major which is made of regular scales and consists of no real
thematic material relating to the work.
As the eighteenth century improvised cadenza began to develop, the passages became longer and
more virtuosic. Mozart and Daniel Turk (1750–1813), notable composer, organist, scholar and peer
of Quantz, both disagreed with this, believing that the new cadenzas were distracting from the work.

The Baroque Concerto Essay
The Baroque Concerto
Table of Contents
Section Page Number
Introduction 3
Emergence 3 – 4 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, in Italy the word "concerto" in its earliest form, was not a term only for purely instrumental
music, but rather one for mixed groups of voices and instruments together. The concerto then
evolved into something rather different than what it was first considered. It's evolution turned into
something in which both display and virtuosity soon assumed an ever–increasing dominance
(Anderson 13).
Emergence of the Concerto
The concerto emerged as a distinct genre in the year 1700 (Hutchings 15). However if it was in the
early beginning or towards the end of the year, historians cannot agree on. This was the year that the
concerto spread outwards from Italy into the court and church orchestras of German–speaking
States. The concerto had been the first orchestral form to be composed precisely for the most
popular modern service of serious music, the orchestral concert (Hutchings 15).
Corelli
Corelli's only set of concertos was his Opus number 6. This set contained twelve concerti grossi for
strings. That work of Corelli's was published the year after his death in 1714, in the city of
Amsterdam (Anderson 4). "The formal structure of Corelli's concertos is clearly and effectively
organized, giving what the French writer Marc Pincherle described as a new 'harmonious coherence'
to the various voices of the texture (Anderson 5). The way Corelli organized his concerti

Mozart Clarinet Concerto Essay
Introduction
One of the problems clarinetists of the 21st century face when performing Mozart's Clarinet
Concerto, K. 622, is creating a performance that is memorable while keeping the authentic integrity
of the work. Many clarinetists who perform this work are often concerned with how they should the
approach and execute the concerto. Any musician who tackles any new work will approach it by
researching historical information on the composer and work, do a musical analysis, and gathering
recordings of other interpretations of the same work. This approach will not only allow the
performer to be fully immersed in the piece but allow for the performer to create a memorable
interpretation.
For a clarinetist to perform the clarinet concerto ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He first decided to use the clarinet in his composition of Divertimento, K 113, due to the singing
qualities it possessed. He composed the Clarinet Concerto in 1791 for a clarinetist by the name of
Anton Stadler. The concerto was on one of the Mozart's last compositions and his last concerto for a
solo instrument. The composition of the piece began in 1787 for basset horn in G with about 200
measures and then was revisited in the last few weeks of Mozart's life in 1791.
When he returned to the piece in 1791, Mozart decided to change the key and the instrumentation of
the piece. The key was changed from G major to A major and the instrument of choice was the
basset clarinet in A. Stadler designed the basset clarinet. Compared to the current clarinet, the basset
clarinet had a range that was 2 whole tones lower than a normal clarinet. Francoeur's Diapason
general gives tonal qualities of various clarinets and describes the G clarinet's sound as "sweet, sad,
and lugubrious" (Lawson, pg. 29). When describing the tonal quality of the A clarinet, it I said to
have "a very sweet sound, [that it] much less somber than the G and with a great range" (Lawson,
pg.

Facades And String Concerto No. 3 Essay
Compositions such as Company, Facades and String Quartet No. 3 (the last two extracted from the
scores to Koyaanisqatsi and Mishima) gave way to a series of works more accessible to ensembles
such as the string quartet and symphony orchestra, in this returning to the structural roots of his
student days. In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more
and more traditional and lyrical style. In these works, Glass often employs old musical forms such
as the chaconne and the passacaglia – for instance in Satyagraha,[17] the Violin Concerto No. 1
(1987), Symphony No. 3 (1995), Echorus (1995) and also recent works such as Symphony No. 8
(2005),[45] and Songs and Poems for Solo Cello (2006).
A series of orchestral works that were originally composed for the concert hall commenced with the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Especially in The Voyage, the composer "explore[d] new territory", with its "newly arching
lyricism", "Sibelian starkness and sweep", and "dark, brooding tone (...) a reflection of its
increasingly chromatic (and dissonant) palette", as one commentator put

Analysis Of Dvorak 's Cello Concerto
Dvorak 's Cello Concerto represents one of the most important repertoires in cello literature. It
requires the performers to have control over their technical ability and limitless of imagination in
musicality in orders to do a successful performance. Dvorak 's cello concerto have always been one
of the concertos that every cellist want to play during their studies, and have the knowledge and
background for this particular piece will definitely help me a lot to have a better understanding of
this composition and allows me to explore more musical ideas that I have yet to discover. In orders
to have a better understanding of music, it is important to look into manuscripts/first Edition and
compares with the edition that published during the twenty century. In addition, by listening to
varieties of recordings, you can hear very interesting interpretation in a different period of recording
time period and relates to some the historical events that occurred during then. In this essay, I will be
discussing some of the materials that I find that can help me to have a better understanding of the
music, and understanding its relationship with Dvorak and how Nationalism had influenced him.
Dvorak Cello Concerto is one of the all–time favorites and it 's important as a cellist to act as the
voice for Dvorak.
Some of the materials that I researched that can help me to have a better understanding of the piece
including varieties of scores from a different publisher. It 's interesting to

The Importance of Function Over Form in the Classical...
In the 18th century, the concerto was transformed into a viable instrumental genre to both
demonstrate virtuosity as well as a cohesive character that embodied the natural. Though the series
of changes from the Baroque concerto grosso to the Classical concerto were gradual and cannot be
attributed to a single composer, the Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor K. 466 by Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart is a skillful representation of the genre in that era. Of particular interest in this
concerto is the treatment of sonata form in the first movement. When compared to other
instrumental genres of that era, there is a tangible divide between the sonata form of the concerto
and that of other instrumental genres such as the symphony. To understand this ... Show more
466, is a synthesis of both sonata form and the Baroque ritornello principle. In this concerto, for
example, the opening orchestra tutti is not a "first exposition," because it remains in the tonic
throughout and does not contain the complete compliment of themes. Thus, this tutti serves as
preparation for the soloist, who enters with a novel theme in measure 77. After the completion of the
exposition in both D–minor and F–major by soloist and orchestra, there is a short transition (mm.
174–192) based upon the opening material leading into the tonally unstable development. The
remainder of the first movement retains much of this format. As W.H. Hadow states, "the form of
the soloist's portions are thus comparable to sonata form, but the form of the whole is still governed
by the ritornello." The different manifestation of sonata form in the genre of the concerto may lead
one to believe that the form of the Classical concerto developed independently of other genres that
exercise this form. In fact, K. 466, with its ritornello principle, bares close resemblance to the da
capo aria. As the Classical concerto functions as a platform for virtuosic display for the soloist,
similar to an aria for a vocalist, the form of the first movement of K. 466 is a result of the stylistic
and functional demands of the concerto. In the 18th century, there was an increase in the ideals of
contrast, communication, expression and

Essay on The Concerto
The Concerto
Since the Baroque era, the concerto has played a vital role in the music world. According to the
Merriam Webster dictionary, a concerto is "a composition for one or more soloists and orchestra
with three contrasting movements." There are two main types: the concerto grosso and the classical
concerto; both will be discussed later. While the term concerto is relatively easy to understand in
context, when put into use the term becomes more complicated to define.
The basic elements that make up a concerto include three movements with one movement usually
dedicated for a solo instrument such as the piano or violin with orchestra accompaniment. Since the
late 18th century, the first movement is most likely in the sonata form ... Show more content on
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By doing this, the sound made by the groups swells, portraying to the audience a sound of growth
and progression. According to the textbook Music Appreciation Online, in this type of concerto, "a
tutti section, a full orchestra (with basso continuo), and a small group of solo instruments usually
referred to as the concertino or principale" is used. In the concertino section, two or more soloists
are used. Arcangelo Corelli was the first major composer of the concerti grossi (the Italian form of
the concerto grosso). The concerto grosso comes in two major forms: the concerto da chiesa (church
chant) and the concerto da camera (chamber concert). The concerto da chiesa was used for formal
occasions and alternated between adagio and allegro movements. For the most part, the movements
were written in the same key, however there were occasions where one or more of the movements
were in contrasting tonality. The sonata de camera was made up of a prelude and a succession of
dances that were all in the same key. Its structure was that of a slow introduction, a fugued allegro, a
cantabile slow movement and an energetic finale. This setup created its dancelike sound and feeling.
The sonata da camera composition grew to be referred to as a suite, a partita, or in the French opera

Piano Concerto Analysis
The piano concerto in the 1800s was still very standard. By 1850, the piano was still being used in a
conventional manner. The two Brahms piano concerti are demonstrative of Brahms employing a
classical, conservative style. The first concerto is in a traditional three movements, with a long
orchestral introduction, a slow second movement, and a rondo finale. The second concerto came
decades later and is in four movements. In the first movement, the piano interrupts the horn solo that
begins the piece. The second movement is a scherzo. The slow third movement has a cello solo
beginning the movement, giving a prominent role to the orchestra, not just the piano. The final
movement goes back to tradition. Both concerti are exceedingly long, clocking in around fifty
minutes.
Tchaikovsky also wrote all three piano concerti post 1850. These pieces also demonstrate the
influence of nationalism, showing distinctively Russian themes. The Second Concerto, similar to
Brahms, features a violin and cello solo in the second movement, creating a piano trio amongst the
greater orchestration. The Third Concerto was originally a symphony but completed as a one
movement work for piano and orchestra.
Saint–Saens wrote five concerti for piano, in addition to several other programmatic pieces for piano
and orchestra, including Wedding Cake and Africa. This was a divergence in form from the standard
concerti, creating one movement works where both piano and orchestra were featured, rather than

Why Did Baroque Concerto Changed During The Baroque Era
The baroque concerto has proved to be a very formative aspect of classical music. Without the
emergence of the concerto, music would not be as it is today. Concerto composers changed the way
music was perceived and defied musical norms, introducing new and exciting patterns, sequences,
and combinations.
Concertos have changed drastically throughout the years. What were deemed concertos during the
baroque era, will not always qualify as a concerto by modern definition. A concerto was originally
defined as multiple instruments or voices performing together, typically a piece combining voices
and instruments often in larger numbers. The definition has since changed as the concerto has
become a more distinguishable work. Today, concertos involve a soloist pitted against an orchestra
or ensemble contrasting in movement. Contrast and unity were, ironically, both basic elements of
the baroque concerto. The principal of the concerto was to unite two differing bodies of sound. The
term Concerto is a derivative of the latin term "concertare" which translates as "to contend with."
The first composer to write a work designated as a concerto was Giuseppe Torelli.. Before they were
appointed the term concerto, his early works were known as sonatas and sinfonias. From Torelli's
works of early concerto, inspiration arose. Composers such as J.S. Bach, Corelli, and Vivaldi
adopted this new style and created their own masterpieces out of it.
There are two types of concerti that were popular during the baroque Era: Solo Concerto and
Concerto Grosso. The solo concerto includes one solo instrument set against an orchestra. An
excellent example of the solo concerto is Vivaldi's Four Seasons, a set of Violin Concertos. Sonority
and virtuoso instrumentalists experimented a lot with the solo concerto. The violin was featured in
the solo concerto more than any other instrument. A violin soloist would play something as the
orchestra played against it. The common movement for the solo concerto is allegro, adagio, allegro
(fast, then slow, then fast again.) Concerto grosso involves a small group of soloists and an
orchestra. J.S. Bach's six Brandenburg concertos fall under this category. This type of concerto is
based on opposition

A Complete Analysis of The Violin Concerto No. 1 in G...
The Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Opus 26 is one of the most famous violin concertos over the
musical history. It is also considered to be the most renowned work by the German composer Max
Bruch. I will begin with a short explanation of why I choose to analyse this piece followed by what
makes this piece so remarkable. I will then present the musical context – German Romantic period –
in which this piece was composed and discuss how it is representative of this period. Also, I will
present briefly the biography of the composer and relate his life and style with this particular piece
of music. After, I will explain the basic structure of a concerto, associate it with this violin concerto,
and analyse how each movement is related. Then, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The abundance of harmonies never loses the thread to his audience. Furthermore, the opening of the
slow movement inspires the imagination and attention of its listeners. All these elements make this
piece one of the most successful concertos in the musical history.
GERMAN ROMANTICISM
Romanticism. Romanticism is characterized by its impressive expressiveness in harmonic and
thematic process with an increasing weight of chromatic and dissonant elements. There is a new
tendency to give a particular importance to timber, texture and rhythm. Like the Renaissance after
the Middle Ages, Romantic composers want to express the new–found independence of the
humanity that is no longer under the constraining influence of the strict model that classical
composers follow. Some Romantic compositions express a powerful individualism while others
express the beauties and terrors of nature, but the most common theme is nationalism.
Germany. German Romanticism is mainly represented by music rather than other forms of art
because Germany is a country very rich in musical history. The three B's of the greatest composers,
Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms, are all German. Although Bruch, whose name also begins with a B,
is not as famous as them, his Violin Concerto No. 1, which follows the Romantic aesthetics, is
certainly an extremely renowned piece in the violin repertoire.
Genre of this Concerto. This Violin Concerto, which is composed in 1866, belongs to the Romantic
musical

The Meaning Of The Four Seasons
In this essay I will explain the definition of a concerto, what it is, where it was developed and who
made it popular. I will also discuss the most creative composer of the solo concerto who was
Antonio Vivaldi. Thirdly I will focus on the main traits Vivaldi developed in a concerto with
reference to one of his most enchanting works The Four Seasons.
Concerto
A concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an
orchestra .The soloist will have the opportunity to show their potential during the cadenza part in a
concerto. A cadenza is an embellished solo section, usually placed at the end of the first movement
of a concerto. Concerto defines as a word both meaning "competing "and "accommodating".
Contrast, is a popular aspect in a concerto during the Baroque ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The structural thinking behind the Four Seasons was that each movement – twelve in all (three per
season) – would evoke a certain mood. Vivaldi delivered elegance and originality in his work. His
music mirrors graphically the action described; this literary link is called program music.Vilvaldis
four season concertos were based on an Italian sonnet, likely written by Vivaldi where he depicts
and illustrates the narratives through his compositions. For example, in Vivaldi's second concerto
summer he depicts a peaceful, calm mood at the beginning of the first movement. The atmosphere is
extraordinarily vivid, depicting the oppressive heat from the Mediterranean sun. The plaintive signs
of the violin, separated by silences which suggest the intake of breath is a tiring exertion, it gives no
hint to the explosive energy that lies ahead. (See example two). In the concerto Winter he evokes a
thunder storm,with the use of piercing high notes in the violin at a rapid speed. For

Johann Sebastian BachÂ´s Early Baroque Music
1. Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G, BWV 1049, III
By Johann Sebastian Bach https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JQm5aSjX6g This music by Bach
portrays all the characteristic of early Baroque Music which includes melody, texture, and timber. It
is one of the Bach's sets that forms a master anthology that demonstrates all possible possibilities
inherent in a specific musical form. It is scored for violin, continuo, two flutes, and strings. The
flutes was called "fiauti d'echo", which represented the softer part of the song that echoes. However,
this may not be the case since the flutes appear at the beginning even without the solo violin. Flutes
double the solo but occasionally used in echo function.
The date of composing Brandenburg Concerto is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has four orchestral suits (overtures) for defining the movements. French overture characterized the
opening: majestic opening characterized by slow dotted–note rhythm in duple meter, followed by
fast fugal part, and lastly the short recapitulation of the introductory music ("Orchestral Suite No.2
in B Minor, BWV 1067 (Bach, Johann Sebastian) – IMSLP/Petrucci Music Library: Free Public
Domain Sheet Music"). The numerical order of the orchestral suits is conventional, in which the first
and fourth were borrowed from the time of Cothen and Leipzig era respectively. The B– minor is
more intimate of works, flutes, continuo, and strings. Suit term portrays a set of dance movements in
successions. Overtures combined slow opening, harmonic suspensions, and a faster part with the
lightly fugal feature. Sections were repeated in this

Definition Of A Concerto
In this essay I will explain the definition of a concerto, what it is, where it was developed and who
made it popular. I will also discuss the most creative composer of the solo concerto who was
Antonio Vivaldi. Thirdly I will focus on the main traits Vivaldi developed in a concerto with
reference to one of his most enchanting works The Four Seasons.
Concerto
A concerto is a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an
orchestra .The soloist will have the opportunity to show their potential during the cadenza part in a
concerto. A cadenza is an embellished solo section, usually placed at the end of the first movement
of a concerto. Concerto defines as a word both meaning "competing "and "accommodating".
Contrast, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The structural thinking behind the Four Seasons was that each movement – twelve in all (three per
season) – would evoke a certain mood. Vivaldi delivered elegance and originality in his work. His
music mirrors graphically the action described; this literary link is called program music.Vilvaldis
four season concertos were based on an Italian sonnet, likely written by Vivaldi where he depicts
and illustrates the narratives through his compositions. For example, in Vivaldi's second concerto
summer he depicts a peaceful, calm mood at the beginning of the first movement. The atmosphere is
extraordinarily vivid, depicting the oppressive heat from the Mediterranean sun. The plaintive signs
of the violin, separated by silences which suggest the intake of breath is a tiring exertion, it gives no
hint to the explosive energy that lies ahead. (See example two). In the concerto Winter he evokes a
thunder storm,with the use of piercing high notes in the violin at a rapid speed. For

Bach Brandenburg Concerto No. 5
Bach's masterpiece, Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is famous for many things. While the entirety of
the song is not popular together, seeing as it is 21:45, however parts of the song are recognizable to
almost any listener. Concerto No. 5 uses many different instruments to create a full orchestral sound.
Concerto No. 5 starts as a bright and happy song that is fast in pace and variety. Arguably, the most
famous piece of this song occurs, more than once, within the first nine minutes. With harmonies
layered and moving throughout the entire piece, there is a fullness and warmth to the song. The
beginning of the song is play in allegro and alludes to something exciting or fun happening. The
piece suggests movement. The second part of this piece

Music Composers: Different Forms During The Baroque Era
The word concerto originated from the Italian word concertare, which means to join together. The
concerto took on many different forms during the baroque era, and it wasn't until the late
seventeenth century that the concerto took on its modern meaning; a piece of music that combined a
solo instrument with orchestra or a group of soloists. It is usually composed in three parts, each
movement distinguished by tempo changes. In the late sixteen hundreds composers gave rise to a
this new form of orchestral music, which later became the most recognized and distinguished of all
the other baroque genres. Such is a feature in the baroque era of turning old into something new so
too the concerto was adapted into a new form. Similar was the vocal concerto, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These ideas of contrasting musical forces stems back to Lully's operas in which some of the dances
contained a solo section for wind trio accompanied my the string section. At this time in Rome
composers were focusing on the orchestral concerto, then later the concerto and eventually the
concerto grosso. Although the composer Giuseppe Torelli who was a major figure of the Bologna
school composed pieces for all there types of genres which included the first concertos ever
published. He wrote concertos for trumpet, violin and six concerto grossi. Most of his concertos
were written in the fast–slow–fast form which was inspired by the Italian opera overture, which then
became the standard pattern for the concerto. By the late seventeenth century Italian composers all
shared a common goal; to write music that was pleasing to listen to, emotional connective and a
show case for audiences to behold the abilities and virtuosity of the

The Evolution of the Concerto from Classical to Romantic...
The concerto form was developed significantly from the Classical to the romantic era; producing
changes within its instrumentation, form thematic material and rhythmic devices. The societal
attitudes towards the composition and consumption of the concerto form also changed during this
time.
A concerto is an arrangement with solo works performed within the piece, alternating between a
larger ensemble and the soloist. The root of its definition was believed to mean to 'skirmish with one
another' (Boyden, 1957), this definition helps explain the idea of a concerto, it displays a notion that
the soloist is 'skirmishing' with the remainder of the ensemble. The defining characteristic of a
concerto is its arrangement. It has a contrast in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This marked the first actual publication of the concerto grosso genre (Jander, 1968). Corelli's Opus 6
was comprised of entirely strings. The solo section known as the concertino that must be made of
two violins and a cello. This soloist group then alternated with a larger group called the ripeno,
which usually consisted of two violins, a bass and a viola, of which the numbers can be increased;
there was also sometimes a continuo. This was the standard instrumental setup for the concerto
grosso and other composers such as Handel used this.
Bach was a prolific composer during the later parts of the baroque period, he was also a prolific
concerto composer also, He himself composing many pieces in concerto form. Most of these works
were composed around 1720. Bach was the Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold of Anhalt–Cothen
during this period; this was also the period in which his wife died suddenly, perhaps striking
inspiration. Many of Bach's concertos used additional and varied instrumentation to those of Corelli
and the concerto grosso form. They often had woodwind and brass instruments such as the oboe,
recorder, trumpet and piccolo. There was no standard instrumentation for Bach's concertos, the
instruments he used varied from piece to piece. To contrast this, Bach's concerto No. 1 used two
horns, three oboes, a violino piccolo accompanied by the bassoon, a strings section (similar to a

Mozart's First Concerto
In seventeen eighty–four, Mozart started to work on this beautiful concerto. On the seventh day of
March in seventeen eighty–six, around the same time when Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of
Figaro) appeared, he finished the magnificent concerto. The lovely concerto contains many
instruments, including the piano, two clarinets, the flute, two horns, two bassoons, and string
instruments. Heaven only knows for sure where and when the first concerto was performed.
However, on the twelfth day of January in nineteen thirty, George Stewart McManus performed the
marvelous concerto in Los Angeles for the first time. The delightful concerto's duration is no longer
than twenty–six minutes. Since early seventeen eighty–six, around the time when ... Show more
When the Exposition theme is restated as part of the movement, it is known as the Recapitulation. In
Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488, the Recapitulation is when the soloist is
accompanied by the orchestra. There are many similarities between the exposition description and
the recapitulation description. However, there are also quite a few differences. The first theme group
in the exposition lasts from measures one through sixty–six, whereas the first theme group in the
recapitulation lasts from measures begins at measure one–hundred and ninety–eight, and then ends
at two hundred and eighty–four. The first theme group of the exposition has a two–bar cadential
extension with a sixteen–bar double period. Many wonder how the first theme in the recapitulation
is derived from the exposition? That is because there is and exposition version of the variation that
has no extensions. In the Exposition, the transition lasts from measures eighteen through thirty–
three. In the Recapitulation, the transition lasts from two hundred and thirteenth measure to the two
hundred and twenty–eighth measure. The second theme of the recapitulation is derived from the
exposition, because the second theme of the exposition has a thirty–one to forty–six bar double
period, along with a seven–bar shortened sentence, a three–bar interpolation, and closing with a
four–bar phrase. The second theme group in the recapitulation lasts from measure one hundred to
one hundred and

Comparing Vivaldi's Concerto For Four Violins And...
Project 5
Vivaldi–Concerto for Four Violins and Orchestra in B Minor
Vivaldi's Concerto for Four Violins and Orchestra in B Minor bears some similarities and some
differences to his work "Winter" from The Four Seasons. The most prominent of these similarities
relates to the speed of the movements. The typical concerto from the Baroque period had three
movements. These movements often alternated their tempo: the first was fast, the second slow, and
the third fast again.
In "Winter," Vivaldi utilizes this pattern. If one listens to the first minute or so Vivaldi's second
movement in that work, then listens to the anything beyond the first 30 or so seconds of the first
movement or past the first 45 seconds of the third movement, the contrast is obvious. Vivaldi's
second movement in "Winter" is by far the slowest of the three movements.
This Concerto for Four Violins follows this same pattern. The first thirty seconds, for example, of
the opening movement (0:00–0:30) are replete with up tempo music, as are the opening thirty
seconds of the third and final movement (6:17–6:47 on the YouTube video). By contrast, the
beginning thirty seconds of the second movement (3:50–4:20 on the video) are noticeably slower
than their counterparts in the other movements. This characteristic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The dissonance and being difficult to follow the music can be heard throughout this section, but
especially in the third and fourth scenes (13:47–16:29 and 16:52–21:00, respectively). This music
sounds "off" somehow because of its clashing chords and being devoid of a pattern. Indeed,
attempting to tap or hum along to the music in these sections proves impossible. (It should be noted,
however, that the orchestral transitions, specifically the one from 12:43–13:47 do feature some
patterns. These are the main difference between this work and

What Is The Mood Of Vivaldi's Concerto In A Minor First...
Antonio Vivaldi was a 17th and 18th century world–renowned classical composer. He is well known
for composing many pieces in his lifetime, one of his most notable pieces being The Four Seasons.
Being a composer in the 17th and 18th centuries, he was composing in the midst of the baroque era.
In the Concerto in A Minor, he utilizes the popular techniques to effectively engage the audience in
the intense and bizarre feelings that come from listening. The intent of this time period was to use
drastic dynamic changes, apparent contrast between soloists and orchestra parts, and recurring
melodies to effectively evoke emotional responses from the audience.
In Vivaldi's Concerto in A Minor First Movement, terraced dynamics are used throughout. Terraced
dynamics is a musical style used when volume levels switch abruptly from loud to soft and vise
versa without the use of a gradual crescendo, or decrescendo. In many phrases of this movement, the
use of sforzatos and accents help create the drastic effects. These dynamic changes are apparent
throughout the First Movement, and are often used to create a sense of contour, which engages the
audience or listeners in the emotions that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is another way that Vivaldi expresses pure emotion throughout his music using a Baroque
technique. Vivaldi's Second Movement in the A Minor Concerto is the shortest and slowest
movement out of the three. In order to capture the audiences' attention and during this ludicrously
slow movement, he uses repetition of melody. The repetition of the melody or motive in the
movement a short phrase in which a rhythmic pattern is repeated four times, each time a chromatic
change happening to the notes. The chromatic changes add an element of surprise to the phrase,
because you are expecting to hear the same exact notes over again; but each time it is slightly

Concerto Grosso
Arcangelo Corelli, also known as "Father of Concerto Grosso", was an Italian composer, violinist,
and teacher. Corelli was born in Fusignano, Italy on February 17, 1653 where he studied composing
music until the late 1670's. Corelli's musical talents led him to enter the service of Queen Christina
of Sweden, Franceso II, Cardinal Pamphili, Cardinal Ottoboni, who was Pope Alexander VIII, and
as the court musician for the Prince of Bavaria. Corelli composed and dedicated music to his noble
patrons. Corelli built the notion of Concerto Grosso into an arrangement of secular entertainment for
the noble lords and ladies for various events. Corelli's layout of his Concerto Grosso was
introducing two groups of musicians to compete. Each group bestowed ... Show more content on
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Corelli also used this concept in his teachings; especially to such composers like Francesco
Geminiani and Pietro Locatelli. Other composers such as Antonio Vivaldi and Bach studied Corelli's
compositions. Towards the end of his life, Corelli toured all over Europe and gained popularity.
Corelli died a famous and rich man on January 19, 1713. His compositions eventually gave him the
name "Father of Concerto Grosso". The composition I chose from Corelli's works is his Christmas
Concerto, Concerto Grosso Opus 6, that made Corelli the prime of his time. Corelli's composition
consists of a small group of solo instruments against a larger group of instruments. This creates the
terrace dynamics in the composition. The beginning of the composition starts out with the two
violins playing on different beats slow. The slow tempo makes the conjunct melody have a smooth
and pleasing texture. Then the melody jumps to an allegro tempo that is fast paced and intense. The
composition's tempo has a slow–fast–slow movement throughout the whole piece. The fugal style
contains stressed rhythms and vocal delays are a perfect example of his built concept of Concerto

Antonio Vivaldi Research Paper
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi was born in Venice on March 4th of 1678. He is known primarily as an Italian
composer and rightfully so since he composed in all the major genres of the era such as opera,
concerto, and in addition educational pieces (Antonio Vivaldi , n.d.). His most popular concertos are
the four that make up The Four Seasons which were part of an even larger publication. Not only was
Vivaldi a composer, but he was also teacher and performer as well. Vivaldi lived an extremely active
life right up until his death on July 28 in 1741 (Grove Music Online Vivaldi, Antonio, n.d.).
Vivaldi's life was interesting right from the start. On the same day as his birth, Vivaldi had an
impromptu baptism that was performed by one of the midwives. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The four concerti were actually published with eight others in the Amsterdam publication Il Cimento
dell' Armenia e dell'invenzione, translated in English is The Trial of Harmony and Invention, opus 8.
It is clear by the markings and detailed performance notes in the score that Vivaldi truly took his
time composing these concerti and enjoyed every bit of the time it took (Vivaldi's Four Seasons,
n.d.). With this set of compositions Vivaldi really wanted to show that music could depict and
showcase scenes and images. The four concerti, in order, that comprise the set are Spring, Summer,
Autumn, and Winter. Each was written to showcase its specific season and followed the expected
fast–slow–fast movement structure of concertos at the time (Schwarm,

The Key Of The Exposition
Second, I will talk about the form in these horn concerti. In classical period, sonata form was very
famous and every composer in this era liked to use this form. Exposition has two themes in different
key. Normally second theme is the dominant key of the first theme. Transition is between first and
second themes. Composer in classical era always put same key when exposition ended.
Development opening always the same key of the exposition ended and puts many different keys in.
The end of development is a re–transition. This will take the development to recapitulation and the
key of the recapitulation opening is the same key of the exposition. Recapitulation usually has same
themes from exposition. But themes will be little different, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He also putted cadenza after in the end of this movement. Mozart was not wrote the cadenza for
horn soloist. Horn players have to make cadenza by themselves.
Second movement of this horn concerto is a Romance in Ab Major. This form is a ternary form.
Mozart puts horn and orchestra together to play this melody. Mozart used two themes and some
melodic link to connect all movement. The first four measures of the beginning showed up two
times in this movement. This third movement is a rondo form. The sections of this movement are
ABACA. A section repeated three times. Mozart putted codetta in the last section. And he used the
continuing triple notes to make this piece more excited. At the same time, the theme of this
movement sounds like Mozart's piano concerto No.22. Even these two pieces do not have the
exactly same melody, but still can figured out the similar theme between these two pieces.
This is interesting evidence about Mozart's four concertos. His first movements of his concerti are
sonata form and third movements are rondo. Because Mozart's first horn concerto is an incomplete
piece, his second movement of this piece is a rondo. In the other hand, this movement originally was
a third movement. In his three concerti (without first horn concerto), his second movements
basically are romance. However, in No.2 horn concerto, Mozart only wrote Andante for second
movement. Even Mozart was

Vivaldi Solo Concerto Essay
The solo concerto was a feature piece for a solo instrument accompanied by a contrasting ensemble,
the biggest difference between the concerto grosso and the solo concerto was the contrast between
the solo and the tutti sections were even longer and much more detailed. It wasn't until the
eighteenth century that the solo concerto became popular, the most well known composer of the solo
concerto was Antonio Vivaldi. It was Vivaldi's clean melodies, expertise with solo passages and the
contrast in timbre between the orchestra and solo parts that his concertos are among the most
famous of all other composers. Vivaldi wrote over five hundred concertos mostly for his own
instrument the violin, but also for the trumpet, cello, oboe flute and bassoon. Most of these
concertos were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vivaldi's music was innovative, flamboyant and bright. In this way he managed to embellish the
formal structure of the solo concerto. This form of concerto gave soloists a chance to show off their
virtuosity, especially violinists on the new instruments thanks to luthiers such as Stradivarius and
Guarneri. Vivaldi's solo concertos provided musicians with a much wider range of colour by using
orchestration techniques of pizzicato and muted strings and contrast which was unparalleled at the
time. He mostly followed the simple three movement structure of fast–slow–fast, because Vivaldi
followed this pattern closely this became a prominent template for the next three centuries of
composers. Vivaldi's four seasons concerto is arguably the most popular baroque concerto, written
for solo violin and orchestra, it is an example of programatic music, that is, music based upon a
story or music that tells a story. The four seasons is based upon a set of sonnets, no one knows
exactly who wrote them, but it is thought that Vivaldi himself may have written

Analysis Of The Poem ' Oboe Concerto No '
In Oboe Concerto No. 3 in G minor HWV 287 by George Fredric Handel, the listener is subjected to
a lengthy journey of sound, in which the mind is stimulated with various parts of music. The four
movements express a decent amount of change from the movement before it, which keeps the
listener engaged throughout the whole piece. The tempo, which is defined as the general speed of
the music, starts off as a nice average speed. It's not too fast or slow, though it does increase or
decrease later in the piece. In the first movement, however, I would guess that the tempo is
somewhere between 60 and 65. In the other movements, that number would change because the
piece itself changes and the listener gets to experience a nice full range of tempo. This piece also has
a very strong beat throughout all four movements, though the meter, which provides the beat, of the
last two movements is more complex than it is in the first. In the first movement, the meter sounds
like it is a 4/4 with a nice strong beat. The dynamics of the music vary in the movements. The first
movement is louder than the other three, while the second movement is quieter than other parts of
the music. This provides a great contrast that keeps the listener engaged. The modality (major or
minor) is evident in the title; in this case, the piece is a G minor chord. While I wouldn't say that the
music makes me feel sad or stressed, it does make me feel like something very serious is happening.
The harmonic tension of

Béla Bartók: Violin Concerto (1937-1938)
BARTOK VIOLIN CONCERTO
Béla Bartók: Violin Concerto No. 2 In B Minor, SZ 112, BB117. (1937–1938)
1. Allegro Non–Troppo
2. Andante Tranquillo
3. Allegro Molto
Béla Bartók (1881 – 1945) was a Hungarian composer and pianist, and was one of the most
profound musicians of the twentieth century.
A smallpox inoculation gave the infant Bartók a rash that remained with him until he was five years
old. As a result he spent his early years detached from other children and people and spent many
hours listening to his mother play the piano, which would have resulted in early musical stimulation.
Bartók showed early musical aptitude and began to compose dances at the tender age of nine. Born
in Romania, his mother, Paula moved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The suggestion did not meet with Székely's approval, and he insisted that the work must be a bona
fide concerto in three movements. Bartók accommodated and completed the concerto on the last day
of December 1938. Székely played it the following April in Amsterdam under the baton of the
Dutch conductor, Willem Mengelberg (1871–1951). He was thrilled with the work, even after
Bartók pointed out that while it presented itself to be written as a bona fide concerto, he had – as a
little private joke – pleased himself by making it the variation work he was wanted to originally
compose. Compared to the second concerto, the first concerto's ' basic motives are by no means so
readily discovered as those of the second concerto this work being somewhat less economical and
its architecture less compactly integrated'. 4
3 Elliott Antokotetz, The Music of Béla Bartók, A study of tonality and progression in twentieth–
century music, California, University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.
1984, 1
4 Halsey Stevens, The Life and Music of Béla Bartók, Revised Edition Oxford University Press
Inc., New York, 1993 228
When Székely commissioned the work, he had no idea that Bartók had already written a Violin
Concerto in 1907, at age twenty–six, nearly thirty years before. And the First Concerto was not
known to exist until after Bartók 's death in 1945. Only in 1956 was the

Musical Composers Essay
Musical Composers
Baroque and Classical Orchestras – Differences
Baroque Orchestras Classical Orchestras
String section and basso continuo central to the orchestra. Other instruments are occasional
additions. Standard group of four sections: strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion. Different
instruments treated individually.
Fairly small; generally 10– 40 players. Larger than baroque; great variation to the numbers of
players.
Flexible use of timbres, e.g. Timpani and trumpets used generally just for festive music.
Standardised sections. Most sections used regularly.
Tone colour is distinctly secondary to other musical elements. Greater variety of tone colour and
more rapid changes of colour.
Timbre is unimportant and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First movement has solo passages extending into long sections; alternated between four or five
ritornello sections. First movement constructed in a variant of ritornello form with a double
exposition.
Violin is preferred concerto solo instrument although the harpsichord becomes more and more
popular throughout the century. The newly prominent piano takes over as the most popular solo
instrument.
Composers rely heavily on ritornello form. More freedom in the form although a sinfonia proper is
later developed.
The melody is made up of long, drawn–out phrases. The melodies are shorter motifs.
Minuet and trio third movement. Minuet and trio is left out of the dramatic symphonic form.
Expansion of Music in the 20th Century
There are many elements that led to the expansion of music in the 20th Century. In some ways these
elements were all linked to each other and it is difficult to say what events or ideas triggered the
huge development of music. For example, World War I and II in the first half of the century lead to
the rapid development of technology and communications as well as, eventually, political and social
freedom, all aspects which have created changes and growth. The great advances in technology were
in part responsible for globalism, although nationalism was also partly a product of the wars. The
advent of the Great Wars also produced great emotion.
The father of 20th Century music is often said to be Claude

Analysis Of The Violin Concerto The Four Seasons
Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741) was a violin virtuoso and composer who is most commonly known for
his concertos, most of which were written for violin. Born in Venice, Italy Vivaldi is considered one
of the greatest composers of the Baroque era and obtained the title of "father of the concerto" for his
numerous concerto pieces. His music was so impactful that even in this day and age, it is widely
popular and considered a staple in the genre of classical music.
The Baroque era lasted from 1600 to 1750 and is considered an era in which composers and artists
alike "became increasingly interested in how music could enhance the expression of words" (Forney
Prelude 3). Vivaldi's violin concerto The Four Seasons exhibits some of the major ... Show more
Vivaldi's violin concerto The Four Seasons can exhibit some of this artistic style with its detailed
style, yet easy to follow music helping the listener imagine the season the movement represents.
Morals and laws were starting to take interesting forms with the development of higher and lower
social classes, that would later influence how governments would rule and lead to revolutions.
Finally, the customs of the Baroque were those usually associated with the upper elite class such as
wearing powdered wigs and having largely decorated clothing. Overall the cultural climate of the
Baroque era was that which conveyed a grand and almost excessive sense of beauty that was highly
ornate and detailed.
Consequently, all of these ideologies and standards would influence Vivaldi in that his concertos and
Baroque concertos as a whole are "based on the opposition between two dissimilar bodies of sound"
(Forney Chapter 23). In The Four Seasons ritornello form is used which creates a central melody or
theme for most of his movements. Furthermore each movement is written in a sequence of Allegro–
Adagio–Allegro along with each being written as program music. Program Music is music written
with the intent to evoke an image or tell a story through the music's tempo, rhythm, notes, and
overall style. For example in the movement Spring the music evokes listener's minds to picture birds
chirping and a lovely spring day, but midway through the

Mozart's First Movement for Clarinet Concerto in A Major,...
Continuing a habit of challenging traditional structures in music and society, Mozart fosters unity
between the ensemble and the soloist in a form that is usually built on contrast in the first movement
of his Concerto for Clarinet in A Major, K 622.
This paper will begin with a brief discussion of sonata form, which will define many of the terms
used in the remainder of the paper. Next, a detailed explanation of first–movement concerto form as
it was understood in Mozart's time. Following this, Mozart's habits of altering tradition will be
established, and there will be an analysis of the alterations he makes to first–movement concerto
form in his Clarinet Concerto K 622, and how they foster unity.
The sonata is a unified formal structure broken up into several sections by theorists. The major
sections are the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation. While the modern terms for
these sections were only established in the early 20th century, the form's consistency means that
these terms can be applied to pieces before this time. The exposition contains the two major themes
of the piece, called the primary and secondary theme, as of about 1750. The primary theme is in the
tonic key, and the secondary theme is in another closely related key, which is reached through a
modulatory transition, sometimes called the bridge. The development section modulates through
several keys, but it only rarely introduces new material, and simply treats material already
established

A Formal Analysis on Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3 in C...
A Formal Analysis on Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.3 in C minor , Op. 37
a)The "Beethoven Concerto"s and Op. 37's Placement in the Genre and as a continuation of Mozart's
Style
b)Reception of the concerto–specifics of the concerto in a broad view
c)Formal and musical analysis with respect to the Concerto Form in the Classical Style (As a
precursor of Romantic Age)
d)Conclusions
a)Beethoven Concertos
According to commonly agreed placement of this concerto among others, the way
that it still carries features of a classical concerto–but with a few innovations that look forward and
that will be influential, this concerto is a "middle period" Beethoven work. This is also somehow
supported by the fact that it lies in the middle of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
c) Formal Analysis
First Movement
Although a typical first movement form has features that are very close to a sonata form, the
analysis shown in Appendix traces through the keys and theme areas with respect to the necessary
T1, S1 etc terminology that invokes the "1st movement form" which is an extended version of a da
capo aria–or a rounded binary form. However, presented below, is a rough guideline for seeing
which measures would correspond to a sonata form outline:
T1–S1–T2: 1–111–227
"Exposition"
S2: 249

"Development"
(288–308 as re–transition)
T3–S3–T4 (first section up to the cadence): 309–318–403
"Recapitulation"
(Cadenza)
T4: 417
"Coda"
Theme–wise, the first movement is mostly bases itself on the opposition of two themes, one
"military" in character (denoted hereafter by a and its variants a1, a2 a3 etc)
and another lyrical theme, (denoted hereafter by b). It is clear when one looks at the outline of the
themes with respect to their placement, theme "a" is transformed into 8 different versions throughout
the composition's first movement, and an additional type, that we will call (a) which utilizes C–G–
C–G–C timpani–like motive. This one, namely (a) and a derivative called a6 will play primary roles
in identifying and linking structurally important keys and harmonic motions related to changes into
different subsections (eg. Timpani theme appears from 288–295 into T3/S3 on minor v,

Music Paper Chapter 1

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Music Paper Chapter 1