The document explains the functions and applications of multiplexers (mux) and demultiplexers (demux), including various designs such as 4-to-1 and 1-to-4 configurations. It illustrates how multiplexers switch multiple inputs to a single output while demultiplexers distribute a single input to multiple outputs, along with real-world applications like sound systems and printers. The presentation also discusses the efficiency of display techniques using multiplexing for electronic signs and explores circuit design examples.