The document discusses various candlestick patterns used in technical analysis: - The engulfing pattern consists of a small candle followed by a longer candle that engulfs the first, and can be bullish or bearish depending on its location. - The harami pattern involves a long candle followed by a smaller candle of the opposite color contained within the first, and can also be bullish or bearish. - Other patterns discussed include the piercing pattern, dark cloud cover, morning star, and evening star. Detailed explanations are provided for the bullish and bearish engulfing patterns and bullish and bearish harami patterns, including examples and thought processes behind each pattern.

1. Technical Analysis:
Multiple candlestick patterns

2. 2. Multiple candlestick patterns
• Engulfing pattern
– Bullish Engulfing
– Bearish Engulfing
• Harami
– Bullish Harami
– Bearish Harami
• Piercing Pattern
• Dark cloud cover
• Morning Star
• Evening Star

3. 2.1. The Engulfing Pattern
• In a single candlestick pattern, the trader needed just one
candlestick to identify a trading opportunity. However, when
analyzing multiple candlestick patterns, the trader needs 2 or
sometimes 3 candlesticks to identify a trading opportunity. This
means the trading opportunity evolves over a minimum of 2 trading
sessions.
• The engulfing pattern is the first multiple candlestick patterns that
we need to look into. The engulfing pattern needs 2 trading
sessions to evolve. In a typical engulfing pattern, you will find a
small candle on day 1 and a relatively long candle on day 2, which
appears as if it engulfs the candle on day 1. If the engulfing pattern
appears at the bottom of the trend, it is called the “Bullish
Engulfing” pattern. If the engulfing pattern appears at the top end
of the trend, it is called the “Bearish Engulfing” pattern.

4. 2.1.1. The Bullish Engulfing Pattern
• The bullish engulfing pattern is a two candlestick
pattern which appears at the bottom of the
downtrend. As the name suggests, this is a bullish
pattern which prompts the trader to go long. The two-
day bullish engulfing pattern is encircled in the chart
below. The prerequisites for the pattern are as follows:
• The prior trend should be a downtrend
• The first day of the pattern (P1) should be a red candle
reconfirming the bearishness in the market
• The candle on the 2nd day of the pattern (P2) should be
blue, long enough to engulf the red candle

6. The thought process behind the bullish
engulfing pattern is as follows:
• The market is in a downtrend with prices steadily moving down
• On the first day of the pattern (P1), the market opens low and makes a
new low. This forms a red candle in the process
• On the second day of the pattern (P2), the stock opens near the closing
prices of P1 and attempts to make a new low. However, there is a sudden
buying interest at this low point of the day, which drives the prices to close
higher than the previous day’s open. This price action forms a blue candle
• The price action on P2 also suggests that bulls made a very sudden and
strong attempt to break the bearish trend, and they did so quite
successfully. This is evident by the long blue candle on P2
• The bears would not have expected the bull’s sudden action on P2 and
hence the bull’s action kind of rattles the bears causing them some
amount of nervousness
• The bullishness is expected to continue over the next few successive
trading sessions, driving the prices higher and hence the trader should
look for buying opportunities

7. Have a look at DLF’s chart below; the bullish
engulfing pattern is encircled.
The OHLC on P1 – Open = 163, High = 168, Low = 158.5,
Close = 160. On P2 the OHLC details are – Open = 159.5,
High = 170.2, Low = 159, Close = 169.

9. 2.1.2. The bearish engulfing pattern
• The bearish engulfing pattern is a two
candlestick pattern that appears at the top
end of the trend, making it a bearish pattern.
The thought process remains very similar to
the bullish engulfing pattern, except one has
to think about it from a shorting perspective.
• Take a look at the chart below, the two
candles that make up the bearish engulfing
pattern is encircled. You will notice:

11. • To begin with, the bulls are in absolute control, pushing the prices
higher.
• On P1, as expected, the market moves up and makes a new high,
reconfirming a bullish trend in the market.
• On P2, as expected, the market opens higher and attempts to make
a new high. However, at this high point, selling pressure starts. This
selling comes unexpected and hence tends to displace the bulls.
• The sellers push the prices lower, so much so that the stock closes
below the previous day’s (P1) open. This creates nervousness
amongst the bulls.
• The strong sell on P2 indicates that the bears may have successfully
broken down the bull’s stronghold and the market may continue to
witness selling pressure over the next few days.
• The idea is to short the index or the stock to capitalize on the
expected downward slide in prices.

12. Take a look at the chart below of Ambuja Cements. There are two bearish
engulfing patterns formed. The first pattern on the chart (encircled, starting
from left) did not favour a risk-taker. However, the risk-averse would have
completely avoided taking the trade. The second bearish engulfing pattern
would have been profitable for both the risk taker and the risk-averse.
The OHLC data for the bearing engulfing pattern (encircled at the top end of the chart) is as
below:
P1: Open – 214, High – 220, Low – 213.3, Close – 218.75
P2: Open – 220, High – 221, Low – 207.3, Close – 209.4

13. 2.2. The Harami Pattern
• Before you get thinking, the word ‘Harami’ does not
stand for the word harami used in Hindi :). Apparently,
it is the old Japanese word for ‘pregnant’. You’d
appreciate the intuitiveness of this word when you see
the candlestick formation.
• Harami is a two candle pattern. The first candle is
usually long, and the second candle has a small body.
The second candle is generally opposite in colour to
the first candle. On the appearance of the harami
pattern, a trend reversal is possible. There are two
types of harami patterns – the bullish harami and the
bearish harami.

14. 2.2.1. The Bullish Harami
As the name suggests, the bullish harami is a bullish pattern appearing at the
bottom end of the chart. The bullish harami pattern evolves over a two day period,
similar to the engulfing pattern. In the chart below, the bullish harami pattern is
encircled.

15. The thought process behind a bullish
harami pattern is as follows:
• The market is in a downtrend pushing the prices lower, giving the bears absolute
control over the markets.
• On day 1 of the pattern (P1), a red candle with a new low is formed, reinforcing
the bear’s position in the market.
• On day 2 of the pattern (P2), the market opens at a price higher than the previous
day’s close. On seeing a high opening price, the bears panic, as they would have
otherwise expected a lower opening price.
• The market gains strength on P2 and manages to close on a positive note, thus
forming a blue candle. However, P2’s closing price is just below the previous days
(P1) open price.
• The price action on P2 creates a small blue candle which appears contained
(pregnant) within P1’s long red candle.
• The small blue candle on a standalone basis looks harmless, but what really causes
the panic is that the bullish candle appears suddenly when it is least expected.
• The blue candle not only encourages the bulls to build long positions but also
unnerves the bears.
• The expectation is that panic amongst the bears will spread faster, giving a greater
push to bulls. This tends to push the prices higher. Hence one should look at going
long on the stock.

16. The OHLC details for the pattern are as follows:
P1 – Open = 868, High = 874, Low = 810, Close = 815
P2 – Open = 824, High = 847, Low = 818, Close = 835

18. The bearish harami
The bearish harami pattern appears at the top end of
an uptrend, allowing the trader to initiate a short trade

20. • Piercing Pattern
• Dark cloud cover
• Morning Star
• Evening Star