Hazard food management proccees and over all management of its activity

1. Submitted By:-
Sukhveer Singh
CFST-13211
IAS, BHU

2. FOOD SAFETY?
 Food safety is the utilization of various resources and
strategies to ensure that all types of food are properly
stored, prepared, and preserved so they are safe for
consumption.
 Concept that food will not cause harm to consumer
when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its
intended use.

3. Food Safety?
 Food safety is a scientific discipline describing
handling, preparation and storage of food in ways that
prevent food-borne illness. This includes a number of
routines that should be followed to avoid potentially
severe health hazards.
 There will always be food safety hazards, but they
can be controlled if you understand how food
becomes contaminated and how to prevent this
happening.

4. Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS)?
 A Food Safety Management System (FSMS) is a
network of interrelated elements that combine to
ensure that food does not cause adverse human health
effects.
 These elements include programs, plans, policies,
procedures, practices, processes, goals, objectives,
methods, controls, roles, responsibilities,
relationships, documents, records, and resources.

5. Food Safety Management Systems
 Enable organizations to
 Demonstrates ability to control food safety hazards
 Demonstrates compliance to statutory & regulatory
requirements
 Evaluate assess and meet customers requirements
 Communicates food safety information throughout food
chain
 Enables evaluation and updation of the system
 Ensures food is safe at the time for human consumption
5

6. Why Is Food Safety Important?
 Food-borne illness is a preventable and underreported
public health problem. It presents a major challenge
to both general and at-risk populations.
 Each year, millions of illnesses in the United States
can be attributed to contaminated foods.
 Children younger than age 4 have the highest
incidence of laboratory-confirmed infections from:
 Campylobacter species
 Cryptosporidium species
 Salmonella species
 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157
 Shigella species
 Yersinia species

7. Three types of contamination that can
potentially affects anyone:
Physical contamination - glass, stones, wood, hair,
plastic, dead insects, metal fragments, jewellery,
button, etc.
Chemical contamination - contaminants include
cleaning materials, pesticide residues, perfume,
adulterants.
Microbiological contamination - food poisoning
bacteria, spoilage bacteria, yeasts, moulds, viruses,
fly, worms.

8. Physical Contamination

9. Chemical Contamination

10. Macro-biological Hazards

11. Macro-biological Hazards

12. The Five Basic Key Elements to Ensure Food
Safety are:
 The key elements of FSMS for managing & reducing
the risk to health resulting from operations across the
food chain to final consumption are:
 Interactive Communication;
 Management Element / System;
 Good Manufacturing Practices/ PRPs;
 Hazard Analysis /HACCP Principles;
 Operational PRPs/Statutory and regulatory
requirements

13. Interactive Communications
An exchange of ideas where both participants, whether human, machine or art
form, are active and can have an effect on one another.
It is a dynamic, two-way flow of information.
It is broken up into two, covering "Internal Com" and "External Com"
Internal Com - Need to establish, implement and maintain effective
communications with personnel on issues that have an impact on food safety.
Some of the issues suggested are: new products planned, changes in process
control, new suppliers or ingredients, new recruits, new formulations, new
packaging etc
External Com - Need to establish, implement and maintain an effective
communications with:
1. Suppliers and Contractors
2. Customers in relations to product information, enquiries, customer complaint,
feedbacks, orders etc
3. Food Authorities
4. Other organizations that may have an impact on the FSMS.

14. Management Element / System
 An Element Management System (EMS) manages one
or more of a specific type of telecommunications
network element (NE).
 Typically, the EMS manages the functions and
capabilities within different NE in the network.

15. PRPs/Good Manufacturing Practices
 Prerequisite programmes (PRPs) are all the processes and
hardware that work alongside the HACCP system. They
provide the basic environmental and operating conditions
essential for the safe production of food.
 The WHO defines prerequisite program as “practices and
conditions needed prior to and during the implementation of
HACCP and which are essential for food safety”.
 Prerequisite programs provide a foundation for an effective
HACCP system.
 Examples of PRPs:- Facilities, Production equipment,
Standard operating procedures, Suppliers controls,
production specification, Traceability and recalls, etc.

16. Good Manufacturing Practices
 Good manufacturing practices
are the procedures that should
be followed during plant
construction and operation to
assure food wholesomeness.
 GMP refers to the minimum
sanitary and processing
conditions required in a
properly built processing
plant.
 When implemented properly,
GMP not only reduces new
forms of biological, chemical
and physical contamination,
but eliminates existing
contamination.

17. GMPBenefits
1. Good Business Practices
2. Improved Product Consistency
3. Helps to Lower Costs
4. Builds Future Business
5. Legal Requirements

18. HACCP
 HACCP can be part of GMP and is a
systematic program (preventative
approach) to assure food safety.
 HACCP is the recommended approach to
control the possibility of allergen
contamination.
 It addresses physical, chemical, and
biological hazards as a means of
prevention rather than finished product
inspection.
 This approach has significant benefits to
organizations operating within the food
supply chain as it enables them to
determine key controls over processes
and concentrate resources on activities
that are critical to ensuring safe food.

19. H
A
C
C
P
azard
nalysis
ritical
ontrol
oint
• WHAT hazards can enter
the product?
• Where do these hazards
occur?
• How can we control or
eliminate these hazards?
HACCP - Answers 3 questions

20. Sequence of 12 Steps of HACCP

21. HACCP Team
People chosen that have expertise in different areas:
 Production
 Shipping
 Quality Assurance
 Sanitation
 Maintenance
 Sales

22. FOOD SAFETY DURING POST
HARVEST PERIOD
 Worker Hygiene:
 The cleanliness of workers hands.
 Prevent sick workers working directly with the produce.
 Packing House: Keep the packinghouse and store/godowns clean by adopting
proper sanitary system i.e. washing, rinsing and disinfecting the same with
suitable disinfectant.
 Ensure that the water used is uncontaminated.
 Cooling and cold storage: The cool chain should be disinfected and cold
storage should be fumigated at regular intervals with formalin or other suitable
chemical to prevent contamination generated from such places making the
produce unsafe for human consumption.
 Transport of produce from farm to market: Ensure that vehicles are clean
and sanitary care is taken. Avoid dirty and contaminated vehicles. If required,
vehicles should also be disinfected before using the same for transporting the
farm produce.

23. FOOD SAFETY DURING POST
HARVEST PERIOD
 Producer’s level grading and sorting: Ensure proper cleanliness of
the produce by removing foreign matter and undesirable substances.
Sort out the damaged, bruised, and culled produce and segregate
them on the basis of shape, size, colour, weight & variety. Avoid
admixture and any adulterant or use of colouring matter. This will
introduce uniformity in the produce and will also check further
spread of infection in the lot generated from the affected produce.
Such samples may be sent to the laboratory for analysis and testing
the various quality parameters, such as oil content, protein content,
ginning percentage, brix, TSS etc.
 Packaging: Produce should be packed in clean and contamination
free packing material. Where ever necessary, use moisture proofing
system / or bags with polythene lining. Package should bear all
needed information such as name of commodity, place of origin,
year of harvest, weight, variety, and grade.

24. FOOD SAFETY DURING POST
HARVEST PERIOD
 Customer Hygiene: Customer should adopt all possible
hygiene to avoid himself becoming as cause of health problem.
 The effective post harvest strategies should be followed for
prevention of contamination.
 Produce once contaminated cannot be sanitized completely and
therefore, prevention is always better.
 The fresh agricultural commodities are marketed in domestic as
well as export markets. The complex food marketing system
potentially increases the exposure of more consumers to
different types of microorganisms.

25. Food safety standards : ISO 22000:2005
 ISO 22000 is a generic food safety management standard.
 It doesn't matter how complex the organization is or what size
it is, ISO 22000 can help ensure the safety of its food
products.
 ISO 22000 integrates the Codex Alimentarius Commission’s 7
principles of HACCP ( Hazard Analysis And Critical Control
Point) and dynamically combine it with PRPs (PRE-
REQUISITE PROGRAM) necessary to control and reduce
any food safety hazards.
 PRPs are also referred to as good hygienic practices (GHP),
good agricultural practices, good production practices, good
manufacturing practices (GMP), good distribution practices
and good trading practices.

27. WHAT IS EXIM POLICY?
 The EXIM Policy is the Export-Import policies regulating
international commerce in India.
 Exim Policy is also known as the Foreign Trade Policy.
 EXIM policy is import export policy that contains rules and
regulations regarding doing imports and exports.
 The Govt. of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
announces Export Import Policy every 5 years.
 The current policy cover the period 2009-2014.
 The EXIM Policy is updated every year on the 31st of March
and the modifications, improvements and new schemes are
effective w.e.f. 1st April of every year.

28. What is EXIM Policy?
 Exim Policy or Foreign Trade Policy is a set of guidelines and instructions
established by the DGFT in matters related to the import and export of goods
in India.
The Foreign Trade
Policy of India is guided by the Export Import in known as in short EXIM
Policy of the Indian Government and is regulated by the Foreign Trade
Development and Regulation Act, 1992.
DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade) is the main governing body
in matters related to Exim Policy.
 The main objective of the Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act
is to provide the development and regulation of foreign trade by facilitating
imports into, and augmenting exports from India.
 Foreign Trade Act has replaced the earlier law known as the imports and
Exports (Control) Act 1947.

29. History of Exim Policy of India
 In the year 1962, the Government of India appointed a
special Exim Policy Committee to review the
government previous export import policies.
 The committee was later on approved by the
Government of India. Mr. V. P. Singh, the then
Commerce Minister and announced the Exim Policy on
the 12th of April, 1985.
 Initially the EXIM Policy was introduced for the period
of three years with main objective to boost the export
business in India.

30. Objectives Of The Exim Policy
 Government control import of non-essential items through the
EXIM Policy. At the same time, all-out efforts are made to
promote exports.
 Thus, there are two aspects of Exim Policy; the import policy
which is concerned with regulation and management of imports
and the export policy which is concerned with exports not only
promotion but also regulation.
 The main objective of the Government's EXIM Policy is to
promote exports to the maximum extent.
 Exports should be promoted in such a manner that the economy of
the country is not affected by unregulated exportable items
specially needed within the country.

31. Objectives Of The Exim Policy
The main objective of the Exim Policy is:
 To accelerate the economy from low level of economic activities to high level of
economic activities by making it a globally oriented vibrant economy and to
derive maximum benefits from expanding global market opportunities.
 To stimulate sustained economic growth by providing access to essential raw
materials, intermediates, components,' consumables and capital goods required for
augmenting production.
 To enhance the techno local strength and efficiency of Indian agriculture, industry
and services, thereby, improving their competitiveness.
 To generate new employment.
 Opportunities and encourage the attainment of internationally accepted standards
of quality.
 To provide quality consumer products at reasonable prices.

32. Governing Body of Exim Policy
 The Government of India notifies the Exim Policy for a period of
five years (1997-2002) under Section 5 of the Foreign Trade
(Development and Regulation Act), 1992.
 The current Export Import Policy covers the period 2002-2007.
 The Exim Policy is updated every year on the 31st of March and
the modifications, improvements and new schemes became
effective from 1st April of every year.
All types of changes or modifications related to the EXIM Policy
is normally announced by the Union Minister of Commerce and
Industry who co-ordinates with the Ministry of Finance, the
Directorate General of Foreign Trade and network of Dgft
Regional Offices.

33. Exim Policy 1992 -1997?
 In order to liberalize imports and boost exports, the
Government of India for the first time introduced the
Indian Exim Policy on April I, 1992.
 In order to bring stability and continuity, the Export
Import Policy was made for the duration of 5 years.
 However, the Central Government reserves the right in
public interest to make any amendments to the trade
Policy in exercise of the powers conferred by Section-5
of the Act.
 Such amendment shall be made by means of a
Notification published in the Gazette of India.
 Export Import Policy is believed to be an important
step towards the economic reforms of India.

34. Exim Policy 1997 -2002
 With time the Exim Policy 1992-1997 became old, and
a New Export Import Policy was need for the smooth
functioning of the Indian export import trade.
 Hence, the Government of India introduced a new Exim
Policy for the year 1997-2002.
 This policy has further simplified the procedures and
educed the interface between exporters and the DGFT
by reducing the number of documents required for
export by half.
 Import has been further liberalized and better efforts
have been made to promote Indian exports in
international trade.

35. Objectives of the Exim Policy 1997 -2002
 To accelerate the economy from low level of economic activities
to high level of economic activities by making it a globally
oriented vibrant economy and to derive maximum benefits from
expanding global market opportunities.
 To motivate sustained economic growth by providing access to
essential raw materials, intermediates, components, consumables
and capital goods required for augmenting production.
 To improve the technological strength and efficiency of Indian
agriculture, industry and services, thereby, improving their
competitiveness.
 To create new employment.
 Opportunities and encourage the attainment of internationally
accepted standards of quality.
 To give quality consumer products at practical prices.

36. Highlights of the Exim Policy 1997-2002
Period of the Exim Policy
 This policy is valid for five years instead of three years as in the
case of earlier policies.
 It is effective from 1st April 1997 to 31st March 2002.
Liberalization
 A very important feature of the policy is liberalization.
 It has substantially eliminated licensing, quantitative restrictions
and other regulatory and discretionary controls.
 All goods, except those coming under negative list, may be freely
imported or exported.
Imports Liberalization
 Of 542 items from the restricted list 150 items have been
transferred to Special Import Licence (SIL) list and remaining 392
items have been transferred to Open General Licence (OGL) List.

37. Highlights of the Exim Policy 1997-2002
Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme
 The duty on imported capital goods under EPCG Scheme has been reduced
from 15% to 10%.
 Under the zero duty EPCG Scheme, the threshold limit has been reduced from
Rs. 20 crore to Rs. 5 crore for agricultural and allied Sectors.
Advance Licence Scheme
 Under Advance License Scheme, the period for export obligation has been
extended from 12 months to 18 months.
 A further extension for 6 months can be given on payment of 1 % of the value
of unfulfilled exports.
Duty Entitlement Pass Book (DEPB) Scheme
 Under the DEPB Scheme an exporter may apply for credit, as a specified
percentage of FOB value of exports, made in freely convertible currency.
 Such credit can be utilized for import of raw materials, intermediates,
components, parts, packaging materials, etc. for export purpose.

38. Impact of Exim Policy 1997 –2002
Globalization of Indian Economy
The Exim Policy 1997-02 proposed with an aim to prepare a
framework for globalizations of Indian economy.
"To accelerate the economy from low level of economic activities
to- high level of economic activities by making it a globally
oriented vibrant economy and to derive maximum benefits from
expanding global market opportunities."
Impact on the Indian Industry
In the EXIM policy 1997-02, a series of reform measures have
been introduced in order to give boost to India's industrial growth
and generate employment opportunities in non-agricultural sector.
These include the reduction of duty from 15% to 10% under
EPCG scheme that enables Indian firms to import capital goods
and is an important step in improving the quality and productivity
of the Indian industry.

39. Impact of Exim Policy 1997 –2002
Impact on Agriculture
Many encouraging steps have been taken in the Exim
Policy 1997-2002 in order to give a boost to Indian
agricultural sector.
Impact on Self-Reliance
The Exim Policy 1997-2002 successfully fulfills one of
the India’s long terms objective of Self-reliance.
The Exim Policy has achieved this by encouraging
domestic sourcing of raw materials, in order to build up
a strong domestic production base.

40. Exim Policy 2002 – 2007?
 The Exim Policy 2002 - 2007 deals with both the
export and import of merchandise and services.
 It is worth mentioning here that the Exim Policy: 1997 -
2002 had accorded a status of exporter to the business
firm exporting services with effect from1.4.1999.
 Such business firms are known as Service Providers.

41. Objectives of the Exim Policy: 2002 - 2007
The main objectives of the Export Import Policy 2002-2007 are as
follows:-
 To encourage economic growth of India by providing supply of
essential raw materials, intermediates, components, consumables
and capital goods required for augmenting production and
providing services.
 To improve the technological strength and efficiency of Indian
agriculture, industry and services, thereby improving their
competitive strength while generating new employment
opportunities and encourage the attainment of internationally
accepted standards of quality; and
 To provide consumers with good quality products and services at
internationally competitive prices while at the same time creating
a level playing field for the domestic producers.

42. Exim Policy 2009 – 2014?
 The Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2009-2014, incorporating
provisions relating to export and import of goods and
services, shall come into force with effect from 27th August,
2009 and shall remain in force upto 31st March, 2014 unless
otherwise specified.
 All exports and imports upto 26th August 2009 shall be
accordingly governed by the FTP 2004-2009.
 The Foreign Trade Policy, 2009-2014, incorporating the
Annual Supplement as updated on 5th June, 2012 shall come
into force with effect from 5th June, 2012, unless otherwise
specified.

43. Special Focus Initiative of Exim Policy 2004-
2009
 With a view to doubling our percentage share of global
trade within 5 years and expanding employment
opportunities, especially in semi urban and rural areas,
certain special focus initiatives have been identified
for agriculture, handlooms, handicraft, gems &
jewellery, leather and Marine sectors.
 Government of India shall make concerted efforts to
promote exports in these sectors by specific sectoral
strategies that shall be notified from time to time.

44. Agriculture and Village Industry
 Vishesh Krishi and Gram Udyog Yojana
 Import of restricted items, such as panels, are allowed under
various export promotion schemes.
 Import of inputs such as pesticides are permitted under Advance
Authorisation for agro exports.
 New towns of export excellence with a threshold limit of Rs 150
crore shall be notified.
 Certain specified flowers, fruits and vegetables are entitled to a
special duty credit scrip, in addition to the normal benefit under
VKGUY.

45. Main Elements of Exim Policy 2004-2009
The new Exim Policy 2004-2009 has the following main elements:
 Preamble
 Legal Framework
 Special Focus Initiatives
 Board Of Trade
 General Provisions Regarding Imports And Exports
 Promotional Measures
 Duty Exemption / Remission Schemes
 Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme
 Special Economic Zones
 Free Trade & Warehousing Zones
 Deemed Exports

46. Board of Trade of Exim Policy 2004-2009
 To advise Government on Policy measures for preparation and
implementation of both short and long term plans for increasing
exports in the light of emerging national and international
economic scenarios;
 To review export performance of various sectors, identify
constraints and suggest industry specific measures to optimize
export earnings;
 To examine existing institutional framework for imports and
exports and suggest practical measures for further streamlining to
achieve desired objectives;
 To commission studies for furtherance of above objectives.

47. Agricultural & Processed Food Products
Export DevelopmentAuthority
 Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
 India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO)
 National Centre for Trade Information (NCTI)
 Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC)
 Export-Import Bank
 Export Inspection Council
 Indian Council of Arbitration
 Federation of Indian Export Organizations
 Department of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
 Directorate General of Shipping
 Freight Investigation Bureau

48. Introduction to Export Documentation &
Procedures
 Export documentation is far more than just shipping paperwork; it includes all of the
important records of an international transaction.
 Using the correct trade terminology, clearly defining the transfer of interest and liability,
selecting the right method of payment and sending the best quotation possible are the keys
to effective exporting.
 After the sale has been made, proper and timely selection, preparation and distribution of
documents are essential.
 Documents used in international trade are a reflection of the understanding of the
agreement between the seller, the buyer, and third party service and regulatory agencies.
 It is vital for the seller to understand that any document produced with their name as a
party to the document is totally responsible for the actions of the service provider in the
course of their performance.
 The term “export” documentation is actually a relative misnomer, as most paperwork is
really being prepared on behalf of the buyer, and is used for customs clearance and other
legalities at the port of import, and thus are really “import” documents.
 Problems with documentation can lead to delay in shipment, penalties, unwanted storage
costs and an aggravated buyer.
 An exporter should always put themselves in the importer’s shoes.Consider what you would
do, if as an importer, your supplier caused delays and extra expenses due to a lack of proper
paperwork. Eventually, you would probably find a new supplier.

49. Product Specific Documentation
 Some food and agricultural products require product specific documentation certifying their
safety, purity and accordance with U.S. or foreign government regulations.
 The Foreign Agricultural Service, FAS, has a portal for companies to access a variety of
regulatory sites for food products, which is a good place to start evaluating your document
requirements in this area.
 These rules need to be used in conjunction with the regulations at destination as well, and they
all recommend confirmation with the buyer or their customs broker in order to arrive at the
correct compliance prior to shipment.
 In this site, you will find the following:
 U.S.Trade Restrictions:The list of trade restrictions that may require an export license application.These rules may apply for
embargoes of foreign countries, domestic shortages or other reasons.
 Shipper’s Export Declaration:This is the main document required by the U.S. government, and is covered later in this section.
The Bureau of theCensus and InternationalTradeAdministration uses it for compiling U.S. export statistics and it is also used by
customs for export control purposes.
 USDA Food Safety Inspection Service:The FSIS includes the “Library of Export Requirements” for products such as red meat and
poultry.
 Export permits for alcoholic beverages:The Bureau of Alcohol,Tobacco and Firearms,ATF, requires aWholesalers Basic Permit
for any resale, domestic or foreign.
 Food and Agricultural Regulations & Standards:The “FAIRS” reports, which were reviewed in an earlier section, describe import
requirements and contacts for assistance.These reports are focused on consumer-ready products.
 USDA/APHIS:TheAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service provides inspection and veterinary services for plants, meat,
poultry, live animals and animal products to help ensure the product meets foreign import requirements.
 USDA National Organic Program:The NOP has information on export certificates and trade issues for organic products.
 Seafood and Aquaculture:The Seafood Inspection Program offers information on import requirements for seafood products.
 Food and Drug Administration:The FDA issues export certificates for various products that may have that requirement.