4. What is your PERSONAL Distance Education (DE) definition? What is your EXPERIENCE(S) with Distance Education?
5. Video The Foundations and Applications of Distance Education: Definition and Background (History)
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7. Redefinition of Distance Education Institution-based formal education where the learning group is separated geographically, and where interactive telecommunication systems are used to connect learners, resources and instructors.
10. ST SP DT SP ST DP DT DP Learning Environments S y n c h r o n o u s AS y n c h r o n o u s
11. Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Face-to-face 2-way video conferencing Live Internet-based chatrooms Correspondence study One-way audio & video Internet-based threaded discussions
18. 1) Virtual high schools 2) College credit/advanced placement credit 3) Access for rural schools 4) Cost effectiveness 5) Ease of use (anytime/anywhere learning) 6) Service for home-bound students or students unable to attend campus Impacts of Distance Education on Secondary Education
22. Equivalency Theory "The more equivalent the learning situation of the distant learner is to the learning situation of the traditional learner, the more equivalent are the learning outcomes."
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Editor's Notes
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1 This video, although dated, shares information that continues to be relevant for our topics today.
3 In 1986, Desmond Keegan was one of many who offered a definition of DE. Answers: DISTANCE EDUCATION is… Separation of TEACHER AND LEARNER Influence of an EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Use of TECHNICAL MEDIA to unite teacher and learner TWO-way communication Absence of the LEARNING GROUP Presence of STUDENT SUPPORT FORMALITY of institutional learning
6 Although similar, another definition
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2 Dan Coldeway provided a framework to define 4 ways DE can be practiced - APPROACHES
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1 SYNCHRONOUS Some or all of the participants are online at the same time and communicate in real time or with just a slight delay Examples include face-to-face classroom instruction, two-way video conferencing, and live Internet-based chatrooms ASYNCHRONOUS Activities and communications take place at a time that is most convenient to the individual participant – not in real time Examples include correspondence study, one-way audio and video, and Internet-based threaded discussions
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2 Correspondence study: distance education by means of readings and assignments completed by mail. Beginning in 1833, courses of study were offered in classical studies, languages, and practical subjects such as shorthand and mining Early electronic communications: distance education by one- and two-way electronic communications, including records, radio, television, and telephone conferencing Two-way conferencing: distance education by means of audio and video communication. Widely used with several different implementations, including fiber optic networks, high speed telephone lines, satellite links, and the Internet 4) Internet-delivered instruction: distance education by means of a variety of synchronous and asynchronous tools for users connected to the Internet Combinations of technologies: distance education by means of one of the many constantly combined and recombined media formats and interactive tools a) One of the hallmarks of distance education is the constant evolution of technology and the way it is implemented b) Audio recordings may be used to supplement correspondence courses, or videoconferencing-based courses may also use Internet components
6 In 1962, the University of South Africa became the first open university, where distance education is used to extend opportunities for higher education to those without access to a traditional, residential experience The British Open University, founded in 1971, is a leader among many such institutions United States higher education Correspondence courses and telecourses Internet and fiber optics-based courses Partial or complete online courses
6 WebCT, Blackboard, and eCollege are leading distance education delivery systems serving higher education Non-credit education including training and career development, may be delivered by stand-alone computer programs or over the Internet
