Mri Technique Procedures, Indication Amnesia Causes, treatment, types

2. MRI
• MRI is magnetic resonance Imagining
• painless procedure that lasts 15 to 90 minutes, depending on the size
of the area being scanned and the number of images being taken.
• Uses magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to make pictures
of organs inside the body.

3. MRI principle
• 3 physical principles concerning MRI:
1. The moving charged body is surrounded by magnetic field directly
proportional with the size of the body.
2. The proton is largely greater in size and number (80% bodyweight is
water) than the electron.
3. The small magnets will take the direction of the larger magnets.

4. Advantages to MRI
• No radiation exposure
• Good resolution
• 3-D reconstructionGood gray-white differentiation
• Adjust settings based on characteristics of the lesion
• Gadolinium contrast is relatively nontoxic

5. Disadvantages of MRI
• Very expensive
• Dangerous for patients with metallic devices placed within the body
• Difficult to be performed on claustrophobic patients
• Movement during scamming may cause blurry images
• RF transmitters can cause severe burns if mishandled

6. Indications of MRI
• Ischemia/infarct
• Vascular anomalies
• Hemorrhage
• Infection
• Tumors and masses
• Trauma and diffuse axonal injuries
• Neurodegenerative disorders and dementias
• Inflammatory conditions
• Congenital abnormalities
• Seizures
• Headaches
• Cranial neuropathies
• Fetal brain

7. Contraindication
• Foreign bodies from trauma, mechanical heart valves, surgical
implants, plates, screws, staples and clips, and prosthetics that
contain metal
• Pacemakers, cochlear implants, drug infusion ports, insulin pumps,
deep-brain stimulators, and other electrical devices
• Metal tooth implants and fillings
• Accessories such as keys, glasses, piercings, jewelry, hairpins, pagers,
watches, wallets, identification badges, and pens
• Oxygen tanks, carts, chairs, IV poles, and other medical equipment

9. Amnesia
• caused by brain damage or disease,but it can also be caused
temporarily use of various sedatives and hypnotic drugs. The memory
can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage.
• Two main types of amnesia: retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
• Other name : amnesIc syndrome

10. Retrograde amnesia
• Retrograde amnesia is the inability to retrieve information that
was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an
accident or operation.In some cases the memory loss can
extend back decades, while in others the person may lose only
a few months of memory.

11. Anterograde amnesia
• Anterograde amnesia is the inability to transfer new information
from the short-term store into the long-term store. People with
anterograde amnesia cannot remember things for long periods
of time. These two types are not mutually exclusive; both can
occur simultaneously.

12. • damage to the medial temporal lobe.
• specific areas of the hippocampus which involved with memory.
• when areas of the diencephalon are damaged, amnesia can
occur.
• Recent studies shown a correlation between deficiency of
RbAp48 protein and memory loss.
• people with amnesia, the ability to recall immediate
information is still retain,and they may still be able to form new
memories.
• Sign and symptoms:
• memory loss, confusion, difficulty recalling

13. • Cause :
• Head truama
• Neurological disorder
• Electroconvulsive therapy in seizuers
• Daignosis :
• CT scan
• MRI
• EEG(electroencephalogram): to check presence seizure activity

14. Treatment
• Psychotherapy or cognitive behavioral therapy
• Replacing thiamin in the body
• Give proper nutrition and not drinking alcohol.
• Alzheimer’s disease is the cause of the amnesia, treatment with
medicines called cholinesterase inhibitors can help with symptoms.