Mounce, Translation Exercise 22

Translation Exercise 22
SECOND AORIST ACTIVE/MIDDLE INDICATIVE VERBS

Key to Colour Coding
In Greek nouns and nominals, the
stem vowel or consonant is shown
in red and the case ending in blue.
Stems ending in α / η are first
declension, in ο / ω second
declension, and in consonants third
declension.
In Greek verbs, the tense
formatives and diagnostics are
shown in red, the connecting
vowels in green, and the personal
endings in blue. The moveable nu
is not colour coded.

Question 1
Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν
ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
κατὰ τὰς γραφάς.
ἀπέθανεν, from ἀποθνῄσκω, “I die.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «απο-θαν»
 AU: ε (after the prep.)
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 1
Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν
ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
κατὰ τὰς γραφάς.
Christ died
for our sins
according to the Scriptures.

Question 2
καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ
καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν
καὶ εὗρον καθώς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς.
ἐξῆλθον from ἐξέρχομαι, “I come out, I
depart.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «εκ-ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ο
 PE: ν

Question 2
ῆλθον from έρχομαι, “I come.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ο
 PE: ν

Question 2
εὗρον from εὑρίσκω, “I find.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «ευρ»
 AU: none (expected ε → η)
 CV: ο
 PE: ν
Verbs beginning with ευ often don’t show
the augment (Mounce 2009:§21.10)

Question 2
εἶπεν, second aorist of λέγω, “I speak.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «ϝιπ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)
The ϝ dropped out, so ε + ϝιπ → ειπ. You
can think of «ιπ» or «ειπ» as the root.

Question 2
And the disciples departed
and they came into the city
and they found [things] just as he said to
them.

Question 3
καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν·
σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός.
ἐγένετο from γίνομαι, “I become.”
 Parsing: AMI-3S
 TS: «γεν»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: το

Question 3
καὶ φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν·
σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός.
And a voice came out of heaven (lit. the
heavens),
“You aré my beloved Son.”

Question 4
διδάσκαλε,
εἴδομέν τινα
ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια.
ἐκβάλλοντα is a participle (You will only
study this verbal form in Chapter 27)
εἴδομέν, second aorist of βλέπω, “I see.”
 Parsing: AAI-1P
 TS: «ϝιδ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ο
 PE: μεν
The ϝ dropped out, so ε + ϝιδ → ειδ. You can
think of «ιδ» or «ειδ» as the root.

Question 4
διδάσκαλε,
εἴδομέν τινα
ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια.
Teacher,
we saw someone
who was casting out demons in your name.

Question 5
ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτῷ·
τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν;
οὐδεὶς ἀγαθὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς ὁ θεός.
εἶπεν, second aorist of λέγω, “I speak.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «ϝιπ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 5
λέγεις, from λέγω, “I speak.”
 Parsing: PAI-2S
 TS: «λεγ»
 AU: none
 CV: ε
 PE: (ι)ς
Think of the 2S personal ending as (ι)ς,
where ι is optional.

Question 5
But Jesus said to him,
“Why do you call me good?
No one [is] good except one—God.”

Question 6
ἐξῆλθεν καὶ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς ἔρημου (lonely)
τόπον κἀκεῖ (and there) προσηύχετο.
καὶ εὗρον αὐτὸν καὶ λέγουσιν αὐτῷ ὅτι
πάντες ζητοῦσίν σε.
ἐξ-ῆλθεν and ἀπ-ῆλθεν are both derivatives
of ἔρχομαι.
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «εκ-ελθ» «απ-ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 6
προσ-ηυχετο is from προσευχομαι,
meaning “I pray.”
 Parsing: IMI-3S
 TS: «προσ-ευχ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: το

Question 6
εὗρον is from εὑρίσκω, meaning “I find.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «ευρ»
 AU: none (expected ε → η)
 CV: ο
 PE: ν
 Verbs beginning with ευ often don’t show
the augment (Mounce 2009:§21.10)

Question 6
λέγουσιν: PAI-3P, from λέγω, “I speak.”
 λεγ + ο + νσι(ν)
 λεγ + ο + σι(ν)
 λεγ + ου + σι(ν) — compensation
ζητοῦσίν: PAI-3P, from ζητέω, “I seek.”
 ζητε + ο + νσι(ν)
 ζητ ου + νσι(ν) — contraction
 ζητ ου + σι(ν)

Question 6
He went out and he went into a lonely place
and there he was praying.
And they found him and they said [lit. say]
to him, “Everyone is seeking you.”

Question 7
πολλάκις καὶ εἰς πῦρ αὐτὸν ἔβαλεν
καὶ εἰς ὕδατα.
ἔβαλεν is from βάλλω, meaning “I throw.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «βαλ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 7
πολλάκις καὶ εἰς πῦρ αὐτὸν ἔβαλεν
καὶ εἰς ὕδατα.
Often it cast him both into fire
and into water.

Question 8
οὔτε οἶδα
οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι
σὺ τί λέγεις.
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἔξω.
οἶδα is a perfect tense that functions as a
present, meaning “I know.”
ἐπίσταμαι is the lexical form, PDI-1S,
meaning “I understand, I know.”
λέγεις, see Question 5.

Question 8
οὔτε οἶδα
ἐξῆλθεν from ἐξέρχομαι, “I come out, I
depart.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «εκ-ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 8
οὔτε οἶδα
I do not know
and I do not understand
what you are saying.
And he went outside.

Question 9
οἵτινες ἀπεθάνομεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ,
πῶς ἔτι ζήσομεν ἐν αὐτῇ;
ἀπεθάνομεν, from ἀποθνῄσκω, “I die.”
 Parsing: AAI-1P
 CV: ο
 PE: μεν

Question 9
ζήσομεν, from ζάω, “I live.”
 Parsing: FAI-1P
 TS: «ζα»
 TF: σ
 CV: ο
 PE: μεν

Question 9
We who died to sin,
how shall we still live in it?

Question 10
ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ εἶπεν·
ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν,
ζητεῖτέ με οὐχ ὅτι εἴδετε σημεῖα,
ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἐφάγετε ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων
καὶ ἐχορτάσθητε.
ἀπεκρίθη and ἐχορτάσθητε are aorist
passives. The diagnostic for the aorist
passive is θη.
εἶπεν is from the root «ϝιπ», which was
explained earlier.
ζητεῖτέ is PAI-2P: ζητε + ε + τε, εε → ει.
εἴδετε is from the root «ϝιδ», which was
explained earlier.

Question 10
ἐφάγετε, second aorist of ἐσθίω, “I eat.”
 Parsing: AAI-2P
 TS: «φαγ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: τε

Question 10
Jesus answered them and said,
“Truly, truly I say to you,
you seek me not because you saw signs,
but because you ate from the breads
and you were satisfied.

Question 11
ἐν τῷ οἰκῷ ἐν ᾧ οἱ μαθηταὶ
τὸν ἄρτον ἀπὸ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἔλαβον,
εἶπον σὺν ἀλλήλοις
καὶ τῷ κυρίῳ αὐτῶν.
ἔλαβον, from λαμβάνω, “I take, I receive.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «λαβ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ο
 PE: ν

Question 11
εἶπον, second aorist of λέγω, “I say.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «ϝιπ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ο
 PE: ν

Question 11
In the house in which the disciples
received the bread from the hand of Jesus,
they spoke with one another
and with the Lord.

Question 12
οἱ ὄχλοι προσῆλθον τὴν πόλιν
καὶ ἐν τῇ συναγώγῃ συνήγαγον
ὅτι ὁ Παῦλος ἐδίδασκε τὴν ἀληθείαν
περὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ κυρίου.
προσῆλθον from προσέρχομαι, “I come to,
I approach.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «προσ-ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ο
 PE: ν

Question 12
συνήγαγον from συνάγω, “I gather.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «συν-αγαγ»
 AU: α → η
 CV: ο
 PE: ν
The root «αγ» forms its aorist stem by
duplicating the root «αγαγ».

Question 12
The crowds came to the city
and they gathered in the synagogue
because Paul was teaching the truth
concerning Jesus, the Christ and the Lord.

Question 13
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαούλ
καὶ τρεῖς υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ
καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ
ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀπέθανεν.
ἀπέθανεν, from ἀποθνῄσκω, “I die.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 13
καὶ ἀπέθανεν Σαούλ
καὶ τρεῖς υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ
καὶ πᾶς ὁ οἶκος αὐτοῦ
ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀπέθανεν.
And Saul died
and his three sons
on that day
and all his house
at the same [time] died.

Question 14
εἰσῆλθεν δὲ Νῶε
καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ
καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ
καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ
μετʼ αὐτοῦ
εἰς τὴν κιβωτὸν
διὰ τὸ ὕδωρ.
εἰσῆλθεν, from εἰσέρχομαι, “I come in, I
enter.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «εισ-ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 14
εἰσῆλθεν δὲ Νῶε
καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτοῦ
καὶ ἡ γυνὴ αὐτοῦ
καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ
μετʼ αὐτοῦ
εἰς τὴν κιβωτὸν
διὰ τὸ ὕδωρ.
But Noah entered
and his sons
and his wife
and his son’s wives
with him
into the arc
on account of the water.

Question 15
ἐν ἀγάπῃ προσελάβετο ἡμᾶς ὁ δεσπότης.
διὰ τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν ἔσχεν πρὸς ἡμᾶς,
τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν
ἐν θελήματι θεοῦ,
καὶ τὴν σάρκα ὑπὲρ τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν
καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν.
προσελάβετο, from προσλαμβάνω, “I
receive.”
 Parsing: AMI-3S
 TS: «προσ-λαβ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: το

Question 15
ἔσχεν, from ἔχω, “I have, I hold.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «σχ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)
ἔχω is from the root «σεχ», which
undergoes changes in all tense stems.

Question 15
ἔδωκεν is AAI-3S from δίδωμι, “I give.” You
will only learn –μι verbs in chapters 34-36.
They are sometimes called kappa aorists,
because they take κα as their aorist tense
formative; most first aorist forms take σα as
the tense formative. More about this later.

Question 15
In love the ruler received us.
On account of the love which he had for us,
his blood he gave for us
Jesus Christ, our Lord
by the will of God,
and his flesh for our flesh,
and his life for our lives

Question 16
Ὁ οὖν Ἰησοῦς … ἦλθεν εἰς Βηθανίαν,
ὅπου ἦν Λάζαρος,
ὃν ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν Ἰησοῦς.
ἦλθεν from ἔρχομαι, “I come.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 16
ἤγειρεν is AAI-3S from ἐγείρω, “I raise, I
wake.” It is a liquid aorist. You will learn
about these in chapter 23.

Question 16
Then Jesus came into Bethany,
where Lazarus was,
whom Jesus raised from the dead.

Question 17
ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἦν,
καὶ ὁ κόσμος διʼ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο,
καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω.
ἐγένετο from γίνομαι, “I become.”
 Parsing: AMI-3S
 TS: «γεν»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: το

Question 17
ἔγνω from γινώσκω, “I know.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «γνω»
 AU: ε
 CV: none — root aorist
 PE: –(ν)
The root is «γνω». Root aorists add the
PEs directly to the root, without a CV.

Question 17
He was in the world,
and the world became through him,
and the world did not know him.

Question 18
Μετὰ ταῦτα
ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς καὶ αἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ
εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν γῆν
καὶ ἐκεῖ διέτριβεν
μετʼ αὐτῶν
καὶ ἐβὰπτιζεν.
ἦλθεν from ἔρχομαι, “I come.”
 Parsing: AAI-3S
 TS: «ελθ»
 AU: ε → η
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 18
διέτριβεν, IAI-3S from διατριβω, “I stay, I
remain.” Root: «δια-τριβ»
 δια- + ε + τριβ + ε + –(ν)
ἐβὰπτιζεν, IAI-3S from βαπτίζω, “I baptize.”
Root: «βαπτιδ»
 ε + βαπτιζ + ε + –(ν)

Question 18
After these things,
Jesus came and his disciples
into the Judean land [= Judea]
and he was spending time there
with them
and he was baptising.

Question 19
πέντε γὰρ ἄνδρας ἔσχες
καὶ νῦν ὃν ἔχεις
οὐκ ἔστιν σου ἀνήρ.
ἔσχες, from ἔχω, “I have, I hold.”
 Parsing: AAI-2S
 TS: «σχ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: ς

Question 19
ἔχεις, from ἔχω, “I have, I hold.”
 Parsing: PAI-2S
 TS: «εχ»
 AU: none
 CV: ε
 PE: (ι)ς

Question 19
For you had five husbands
and now whom you have
is not your husband.

Question 20
εἶπον οὖν αὐτῷ οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι·
νῦν ἐγνώκαμεν ὅτι δαιμόνιον ἔχεις.
Ἀβραάμ ἀπέθανεν καὶ οἱ προφῆται,
καὶ σὺ λέγεις·
ἐάν τις τὸν λόγον μου τηρήσῃ,
οὐ μὴ γεύσηται θανάτου εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα.
εἶπον, second aorist of λέγω, “I speak.”
 Parsing: AAI-3P
 TS: «ϝιπ»
 AU: ε
 CV: ε
 PE: –(ν)

Question 20
ἔγνωκαμεν is RAI-1P from γινώσκω, “I
know.” The root is «γνω», which forms root
aorists and root perfects. These add the
PEs directly to the root, without a CV.
ἔχεις is PAI-2S: εχ + ε + (ι)ς. The root is
actually «σεχ». The present forms its stem
by dropping the σ, the aorist by dropping
the ε.

Question 20
λέγεις is PAI-2S from λέγω, “I say.” It is
formed from λεγ + ε + (ι)ς.
τηρήσῃ and γεύσηται are both aorist
subjunctives; you will study them later in the
course.

Question 20
Then the Jews said to him,
“Now we know that you have a demon.
Abraham died and the prophets [died],
and you say,
‘If anyone keeps my word,
he will not taste death unto eternity.’”

Mounce, Translation Exercise 22

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Mounce, Translation Exercise 22

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