A column is a vertical structural member that carries vertical loads and moments. Long columns experience buckling from compressive forces while short columns fail due to crushing of the concrete. The document discusses column size, steel reinforcement requirements including hook length and angle, concrete cover thickness, tie specifications, and lapping length. It also examines case studies of building damage at beam-column joints and identifies inadequate reinforcement and use of improper aggregate sizes and types as causes of cracking and spalling.

1. Vertical members carrying vertical loading and
moments is called column.
Team: The Brocode
Hino Suu (URK20CE1004)
Rakesh Kumar (ULK20CE1001)
Reshith Suresh (ULK20CE1002)
Azarael Sangma (URK20CE1013)
Martin Konjengbam(URK20CE1019)

2.  Long Column –
 Short Column –

4.  Column Size
 Steel Reinforcement
 Hook’s angle – 135 degree
 Hook’s length – 3’’ – 75 mm

5.  Concrete Cover – 25-40 mm
 Ties :-
dia. 8mm @ 200mm c/c.
 Lapping length
Height of column / 4

6.  Case Study on Building Structure Damages
 Damage Inflicted at Beam-Column Joints

7.  Inadequate Reinforcement Arrangements.

8.  Inadequate Type and Size of Aggregates.
The crack and spalling of the concrete cover were
observed in all the case study buildings due to improper size and
type of aggregates that were implemented in the structure, as
shown in Fig. 15