This document outlines a proposed research plan to explore dental patients' views on the health effects of mercury in dental amalgam. The research aims to see if patients feel mercury in amalgam has impacted their health. Focus groups will be used to qualitatively assess opinions. Literature suggests amalgam is safe but some studies found increased blood mercury or reduced symptoms after amalgam removal. The proposed study design, sample selection using purposive sampling, data collection through focus groups, and data analysis following ethical approval are described. The expected outcome is to identify patients' views on amalgam's health effects and any link to health.
- A survey was conducted of 220 patients at a Nigerian hospital to evaluate their knowledge of options for replacing missing teeth, including dental implants.
- While 92.5% knew teeth can be replaced, only 28.9% were aware of dental implants as an option, with most learning about it from dentists.
- Awareness and understanding of dental implants was low, with just over a third of those who heard of it understanding costs. The study found low levels of awareness about dental implants as a tooth replacement option in this environment.
The document is a systematic review that compares different materials used for pulpotomy in primary teeth. The review included 41 studies that met the criteria of comparing materials in randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months of follow up. The studies showed that mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and ferric sulphate yielded good clinical results over time and can be safely used for pulpotomies. MTA seemed to perform the best of the materials. Calcium hydroxide showed the worst clinical performance. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are still needed to confirm these findings.
Valutazione sulle cause del fumo sulla perdita dei denti: una revisione siste...MerqurioEditore_redazione
The study reviewed 8 observational studies involving over 58,000 subjects from 4 countries to evaluate the causal relationship between smoking and tooth loss. All 8 studies found a significant association between smoking and tooth loss, with 4 studies reporting dose-response relationships where higher smoking exposure was linked to greater risk of tooth loss. 6 studies also observed decreased risk of tooth loss in former smokers compared to current smokers. Based on the consistent evidence across multiple high-quality studies and biological plausibility, the review concluded that a causal relationship between smoking and tooth loss is highly likely.
In Finland dental services are provided by the public and the private sectors. Recent clinical population studies have revealed great need for periodontal and prosthetic treatment in adults. The aim of this study was to analyse treatment provided for those who visited the Public Dental Service (PDS) in 2009.
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
This systematic review compares the success rates of Endosequence bioceramic root repair material (BCRRM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide for apexification of necrotic immature permanent teeth. 9 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The studies found that all three materials had similar success rates in terms of clinical symptoms. However, MTA and Endosequence BCRRM formed the apical barrier faster and allowed for single visit treatment, making them superior to calcium hydroxide which took 5-20 months. Further research is needed directly comparing MTA and Endosequence BCRRM.
Academic doctors' views of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and i...home
This document summarizes an exploratory qualitative study that examined academic doctors' views of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its role within the NHS. Nine academic doctors were interviewed about their perspectives on CAM. The doctors expressed a spectrum of views, from enthusiasm to skepticism. Their professional experiences with both conventional medicine and CAM influenced their attitudes. Key themes that emerged from the interviews included doctor-patient communication about CAM use, the need for CAM training for doctors, a hierarchy of acceptability of different CAM therapies based on evidence, and the potential role of CAM within the NHS. While some doctors expressed caution about CAM due to lack of evidence, more open communication about CAM between doctors and patients could help address concerns or increase doctors' knowledge of
Short-term improvement of clinical parameters and microbial diversity in peri...M ALTAMIMI
Indocyanine green-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing resulted in significantly greater reductions in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss compared to scaling and root planing alone. Microbiome analysis showed a reduction in key periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and favorable shifts in the subgingival microbiome with the addition of photodynamic therapy. The combination treatment led to significantly greater short-term clinical improvements and microbial changes associated with periodontal healing.
- A survey was conducted of 220 patients at a Nigerian hospital to evaluate their knowledge of options for replacing missing teeth, including dental implants.
- While 92.5% knew teeth can be replaced, only 28.9% were aware of dental implants as an option, with most learning about it from dentists.
- Awareness and understanding of dental implants was low, with just over a third of those who heard of it understanding costs. The study found low levels of awareness about dental implants as a tooth replacement option in this environment.
The document is a systematic review that compares different materials used for pulpotomy in primary teeth. The review included 41 studies that met the criteria of comparing materials in randomized controlled trials with at least 12 months of follow up. The studies showed that mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and ferric sulphate yielded good clinical results over time and can be safely used for pulpotomies. MTA seemed to perform the best of the materials. Calcium hydroxide showed the worst clinical performance. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are still needed to confirm these findings.
Valutazione sulle cause del fumo sulla perdita dei denti: una revisione siste...MerqurioEditore_redazione
The study reviewed 8 observational studies involving over 58,000 subjects from 4 countries to evaluate the causal relationship between smoking and tooth loss. All 8 studies found a significant association between smoking and tooth loss, with 4 studies reporting dose-response relationships where higher smoking exposure was linked to greater risk of tooth loss. 6 studies also observed decreased risk of tooth loss in former smokers compared to current smokers. Based on the consistent evidence across multiple high-quality studies and biological plausibility, the review concluded that a causal relationship between smoking and tooth loss is highly likely.
In Finland dental services are provided by the public and the private sectors. Recent clinical population studies have revealed great need for periodontal and prosthetic treatment in adults. The aim of this study was to analyse treatment provided for those who visited the Public Dental Service (PDS) in 2009.
Malocclusion And Deleterious Oral Habits In South Indian Adolscent Population...DrHeena tiwari
This study evaluated the prevalence of malocclusion and associated oral habits in South Indian adolescents. The researchers assessed 1000 12-15 year olds using the Dental Aesthetic Index and found that 52% had some form of malocclusion. Deleterious oral habits were present in 21.2% of subjects and those with habits were more likely to have malocclusion than those without. Specific habits like tongue thrusting and mouth breathing were correlated with traits like crowding and open bite. The study concludes that malocclusion in this population is directly linked to the presence of oral habits.
This systematic review compares the success rates of Endosequence bioceramic root repair material (BCRRM), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide for apexification of necrotic immature permanent teeth. 9 studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The studies found that all three materials had similar success rates in terms of clinical symptoms. However, MTA and Endosequence BCRRM formed the apical barrier faster and allowed for single visit treatment, making them superior to calcium hydroxide which took 5-20 months. Further research is needed directly comparing MTA and Endosequence BCRRM.
Academic doctors' views of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and i...home
This document summarizes an exploratory qualitative study that examined academic doctors' views of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its role within the NHS. Nine academic doctors were interviewed about their perspectives on CAM. The doctors expressed a spectrum of views, from enthusiasm to skepticism. Their professional experiences with both conventional medicine and CAM influenced their attitudes. Key themes that emerged from the interviews included doctor-patient communication about CAM use, the need for CAM training for doctors, a hierarchy of acceptability of different CAM therapies based on evidence, and the potential role of CAM within the NHS. While some doctors expressed caution about CAM due to lack of evidence, more open communication about CAM between doctors and patients could help address concerns or increase doctors' knowledge of
Short-term improvement of clinical parameters and microbial diversity in peri...M ALTAMIMI
Indocyanine green-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing resulted in significantly greater reductions in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss compared to scaling and root planing alone. Microbiome analysis showed a reduction in key periodontal pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and favorable shifts in the subgingival microbiome with the addition of photodynamic therapy. The combination treatment led to significantly greater short-term clinical improvements and microbial changes associated with periodontal healing.
1) The document discusses the importance of developing core outcome sets (COS) for clinical trials through consensus processes that meaningfully incorporate input from patients. COS ensure consistency across trials by specifying a minimum set of outcomes to measure.
2) Involving patients in determining what health outcomes to measure in COS is crucial because patients can identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on their lives. Their input also helps prevent selective reporting of outcomes in trials.
3) Developing COS through consensus processes that engage patients, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders from the beginning can launch trials with outcomes relevant to all groups. This maximizes the usefulness of research data.
This document discusses the shift from broad consent to dynamic consent for biobanks. It argues that broad consent, which allows a wide range of future research, has limitations including ongoing risks to individuals from identifiable data and an inability to withdraw consent from specific studies. Dynamic consent, which involves ongoing communication and allows individuals to set preferences for how their data is used, addresses these issues and fosters trust between researchers and participants. While technology is needed to implement dynamic consent, it could increase participation and benefit both research and individuals.
This research study examined the effect of robotic assisted surgery versus conventional open surgery on post-surgical infection rates and recovery time for patients receiving total knee arthroplasty. The study hypothesized that robotic assisted surgery would be associated with lower infection rates and quicker recovery compared to open surgery. The research design was an experimental study that involved randomly assigning participants to either receive robotic assisted surgery or open surgery as a control. Results indicated that robotic assisted surgery was associated with shorter surgical duration, decreased risk of infection, less joint manipulation, increased precision and smaller incisions compared to open surgery. These factors helped lead to quicker recovery times with robotic assisted surgery.
This study evaluated the socio-demographic determinants of dental service utilization among 741 secondary school students in Nigeria. The results showed that only 27.9% of students had visited a dentist before, mainly when experiencing pain. There was a statistically significant association between student type (boarding vs day) and class (junior vs senior secondary) with utilization. However, logistic regression found no socio-demographic factors predictive of utilization. In conclusion, while knowledge of dentists was high, actual utilization of dental services remained poor with no socio-demographic predictors of that utilization.
Assessment of clinical outcomes of roth and mbt bracket prescription using th...Selvaraj Arunachalam
The document assessed clinical outcomes of orthodontic cases treated with Roth and MBT bracket prescriptions using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Forty patients treated with either Roth or MBT brackets were evaluated based on post-treatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs using the ABO-OGS scoring criteria. The MBT bracket group had significantly lower scores for buccolingual inclination and occlusal contact. The total ABO-OGS score was also lower for MBT by 2.65 points, though the clinical significance was small. Both bracket prescriptions produced similar clinical outcomes with quality depending more on clinician skill than prescription.
Implant Dentistry in the New Scientific Dental World Acceptance Ratesijtsrd
In the new age of cutting edge technologies in engineering and medical science, The adaptation to the healthcare system of the recent developments has increased and seemingly high, patient attitudes towards acceptance have been discussed in relation to Implant Dentistry Dr. G Harish "Implant Dentistry in the New Scientific Dental World-Acceptance Rates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/dentistry/33543/implant-dentistry-in-the-new-scientific-dental-worldacceptance-rates/dr-g-harish
This document outlines a research study that aims to explore dental patients' views on mercury in dental amalgam fillings and whether there is a link between mercury in amalgam and health effects. The study will use focus groups to qualitatively examine opinions, allowing participants to discuss the topic. Purposive sampling will recruit participants who need restorative work and are familiar with amalgam. Focus groups will be facilitated by a researcher with amalgam knowledge. Results will be analyzed for themes to identify patterns in opinions and help understand why some patients are concerned about amalgam.
Over the past decades, the use of common sources of electromagnetic fields such as Wi-Fi routers and mobile phones has been increased enormously all over the world. There is ongoing concern that exposure to electromagnetic fields can lead to adverse health effects. It has recently been shown that even low doses of mercury may cause toxicity. Therefore, efforts are initiated to phase down or eliminate the use of mercury amalgam in dental restorations. Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields such as those generated by MRI and mobile phones has been reported by our team and other researchers. We have recently shown that some of the papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological errors. Although it was previously believed that the amount of mercury released from dental amalgam cannot be hazardous, new findings indicate that mercury, even at low doses, may cause toxicity. Based on recent epidemiological findings, it can be claimed that the safety of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings is questionable. Therefore, as some individuals tend to be
hypersensitive to the toxic effects of mercury, regulatory authorities should re-assess the safety of exposure to electromagnetic fields in individuals with amalgam restorations. On the other hand, we have reported that increased mercury release after exposure to electromagnetic fields may be risky for the pregnant women. It is worth mentioning that as a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels has been found in some studies, our findings regarding the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings lead us to this conclusion that pregnant women with dental amalgam fillings should limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields to prevent toxic effects of mercury in their foetuses. Based on these findings, as infants and children are more vulnerable to mercury exposures, and as some individuals are routinely exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields, we possibly need a paradigm shift in evaluating the health effects of amalgam fillings.
A retrospective cohort study examines existing data to investigate associations between exposures and outcomes without prospective follow-up. The document discusses:
1) Retrospective cohort studies identify exposed and unexposed groups from past data and determine current disease status, requiring less time than prospective studies.
2) Limitations include potential for poor quality or incomplete past data, and lack of information on confounding factors.
3) As an example, a study used employee health records to retrospectively examine the association between chemical exposure in tire manufacturing and mortality. However, past data may not fully account for smoking, diet, or other risk factors.
This document summarizes upcoming CSS features like Box Alignment Level 3, CSS Grid Layout, CSS Shapes, CSS Feature Queries, and CSS Custom Properties. It explains what each feature does at a high level and provides example code snippets. The document also encourages developers to get involved by filing issues on browser bug trackers, requesting new features, and creating blog posts/demos to help drive adoption of these new CSS specifications.
My books- Hacking Digital Learning Strategies http://hackingdls.com & Learning to Go https://gum.co/learn2go
Resources at http://shellyterrell.com/classmanagement
The reality for companies that are trying to figure out their blogging or content strategy is that there's a lot of content to write beyond just the "buy now" page.
Long term clinical and bacterial effetcx of xylitol on paitnets with fixed or...EdwardHAngle
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical and bacterial effects of using 6 g of
xylitol per day for 3 months on patients with full fixed orthodontic appliances.
Methods: The study was a pilot clinical trial that included 41 subjects who were undergoing orthodontic
treatment. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received xylitol chewing gum, group B
received xylitol dissolvable chewable tablets, and Group C served as the control group and did not receive xylitol
gums or tablets. Clinical examination and the collection of plaque and saliva samples were carried out at baseline
and 3, 6, and 12 months. All three groups were given oral hygiene instruction and were put on a 6-month cleaning
and topical fluoride schedule. Plaque scores and bacterial counts were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
different approaches at reducing the caries risk.
Results: Xylitol groups did not experience any more reduction in plaque score, plaque MS counts, or salivary MS
counts than the control group nor did they have lower values at any of the time points. Chewing gum did not
significantly increase the incidence of debonded brackets over the other groups.
Conclusions: Xylitol does not have a clinical or bacterial benefit in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral
hygiene instructions and 6-month topical fluoride application were effective at reducing plaque scores and bacterial
counts in patients with full fixed appliances regardless of whether or not xylitol was used.
International Journal Of Biomedical and Advance Researchyehezkeil
1. The study assessed the clinical and antimicrobial effects of a sodium chlorite-based toothpaste and mouthwash compared to a conventional alcohol-based oral care product in 50 patients with chronic periodontitis over 12 months.
2. At 12 months, the sodium chlorite group showed significantly greater reductions in gingival index, plaque index, and levels of four pathogenic bacteria compared to the conventional product group.
3. The results suggest that the sodium chlorite-based oral care products may be more effective than conventional alcohol-based products in improving oral health outcomes for patients with periodontitis.
Effects of exposure to mercury on health of dentists - Sunil Nair Health Info...Sunil Nair
This document describes a proposed pilot study to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to mercury on the health of dentists in India. The study would use questionnaires and tests to compare mercury levels, behavior, and cognitive function between dentists with over 10 years of practice experience. Comparisons would be made based on practice location and use of dental amalgam. Validity and reliability of the study design are discussed.
Why Is Illicit Drug Abuse Most Frequently Associated With...Monique Jones
This document discusses ways to prevent dental caries (tooth decay). It recommends eating a
balanced diet and limiting snacks between meals, brushing teeth twice daily with fluoride
toothpaste, flossing daily, visiting the dentist regularly, drinking sugary or acidic drinks in
moderation, and rinsing with water after consuming sugary foods or drinks. It also describes a
science experiment to test the effects of fluoride on dental caries prevention.
IAOMT dental mercury amalgam position statementIAOMT1984
This document presents the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology's (IAOMT) position statement against dental mercury amalgam fillings. It outlines the statement's objectives of ending amalgam use, educating on amalgam risks, and promoting mercury-free dentistry. It reviews a history of amalgam regulations globally and in the US, including several countries banning or restricting amalgam and ongoing regulatory actions. The statement provides recommendations to transition to mercury-free alternatives and evaluates potential benefits and harms of this transition. It was compiled using extensive research on amalgam's safety risks and the precautionary principle.
IAOMT dental mercury amalgam position statementDo No Harm, llc
This document provides a position statement from the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT) against the use of dental mercury amalgam fillings. The statement calls for ending the use of dental mercury amalgam fillings due to health risks from mercury exposure. It recommends that dental practitioners and patients be educated about mercury-free alternatives and that existing fillings be removed safely. The position is based on analyses of scientific data showing dental mercury amalgam fillings are the primary source of mercury exposure for much of the population and pose unreasonable health risks according to principles of risk assessment and precaution.
This document provides an overview of adult orthodontics. It discusses special considerations for orthodontic treatment in adults, including medical history, psychological factors, lack of growth, and periodontal disease. It also describes recent advances in adult orthodontics, such as ceramic brackets, lingual appliances, and Invisalign, which aim to improve aesthetics. The document is a reference list for adult orthodontics written by Mohammed Almuzian at the University of Glasgow in 2013.
1) The document discusses the importance of developing core outcome sets (COS) for clinical trials through consensus processes that meaningfully incorporate input from patients. COS ensure consistency across trials by specifying a minimum set of outcomes to measure.
2) Involving patients in determining what health outcomes to measure in COS is crucial because patients can identify which outcomes have the greatest impact on their lives. Their input also helps prevent selective reporting of outcomes in trials.
3) Developing COS through consensus processes that engage patients, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders from the beginning can launch trials with outcomes relevant to all groups. This maximizes the usefulness of research data.
This document discusses the shift from broad consent to dynamic consent for biobanks. It argues that broad consent, which allows a wide range of future research, has limitations including ongoing risks to individuals from identifiable data and an inability to withdraw consent from specific studies. Dynamic consent, which involves ongoing communication and allows individuals to set preferences for how their data is used, addresses these issues and fosters trust between researchers and participants. While technology is needed to implement dynamic consent, it could increase participation and benefit both research and individuals.
This research study examined the effect of robotic assisted surgery versus conventional open surgery on post-surgical infection rates and recovery time for patients receiving total knee arthroplasty. The study hypothesized that robotic assisted surgery would be associated with lower infection rates and quicker recovery compared to open surgery. The research design was an experimental study that involved randomly assigning participants to either receive robotic assisted surgery or open surgery as a control. Results indicated that robotic assisted surgery was associated with shorter surgical duration, decreased risk of infection, less joint manipulation, increased precision and smaller incisions compared to open surgery. These factors helped lead to quicker recovery times with robotic assisted surgery.
This study evaluated the socio-demographic determinants of dental service utilization among 741 secondary school students in Nigeria. The results showed that only 27.9% of students had visited a dentist before, mainly when experiencing pain. There was a statistically significant association between student type (boarding vs day) and class (junior vs senior secondary) with utilization. However, logistic regression found no socio-demographic factors predictive of utilization. In conclusion, while knowledge of dentists was high, actual utilization of dental services remained poor with no socio-demographic predictors of that utilization.
Assessment of clinical outcomes of roth and mbt bracket prescription using th...Selvaraj Arunachalam
The document assessed clinical outcomes of orthodontic cases treated with Roth and MBT bracket prescriptions using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS). Forty patients treated with either Roth or MBT brackets were evaluated based on post-treatment dental casts and panoramic radiographs using the ABO-OGS scoring criteria. The MBT bracket group had significantly lower scores for buccolingual inclination and occlusal contact. The total ABO-OGS score was also lower for MBT by 2.65 points, though the clinical significance was small. Both bracket prescriptions produced similar clinical outcomes with quality depending more on clinician skill than prescription.
Implant Dentistry in the New Scientific Dental World Acceptance Ratesijtsrd
In the new age of cutting edge technologies in engineering and medical science, The adaptation to the healthcare system of the recent developments has increased and seemingly high, patient attitudes towards acceptance have been discussed in relation to Implant Dentistry Dr. G Harish "Implant Dentistry in the New Scientific Dental World-Acceptance Rates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/dentistry/33543/implant-dentistry-in-the-new-scientific-dental-worldacceptance-rates/dr-g-harish
This document outlines a research study that aims to explore dental patients' views on mercury in dental amalgam fillings and whether there is a link between mercury in amalgam and health effects. The study will use focus groups to qualitatively examine opinions, allowing participants to discuss the topic. Purposive sampling will recruit participants who need restorative work and are familiar with amalgam. Focus groups will be facilitated by a researcher with amalgam knowledge. Results will be analyzed for themes to identify patterns in opinions and help understand why some patients are concerned about amalgam.
Over the past decades, the use of common sources of electromagnetic fields such as Wi-Fi routers and mobile phones has been increased enormously all over the world. There is ongoing concern that exposure to electromagnetic fields can lead to adverse health effects. It has recently been shown that even low doses of mercury may cause toxicity. Therefore, efforts are initiated to phase down or eliminate the use of mercury amalgam in dental restorations. Increased release of mercury from dental amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields such as those generated by MRI and mobile phones has been reported by our team and other researchers. We have recently shown that some of the papers which reported no increased release of mercury after MRI, may have some methodological errors. Although it was previously believed that the amount of mercury released from dental amalgam cannot be hazardous, new findings indicate that mercury, even at low doses, may cause toxicity. Based on recent epidemiological findings, it can be claimed that the safety of mercury released from dental amalgam fillings is questionable. Therefore, as some individuals tend to be
hypersensitive to the toxic effects of mercury, regulatory authorities should re-assess the safety of exposure to electromagnetic fields in individuals with amalgam restorations. On the other hand, we have reported that increased mercury release after exposure to electromagnetic fields may be risky for the pregnant women. It is worth mentioning that as a strong positive correlation between maternal and cord blood mercury levels has been found in some studies, our findings regarding the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on the release of mercury from dental amalgam fillings lead us to this conclusion that pregnant women with dental amalgam fillings should limit their exposure to electromagnetic fields to prevent toxic effects of mercury in their foetuses. Based on these findings, as infants and children are more vulnerable to mercury exposures, and as some individuals are routinely exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fields, we possibly need a paradigm shift in evaluating the health effects of amalgam fillings.
A retrospective cohort study examines existing data to investigate associations between exposures and outcomes without prospective follow-up. The document discusses:
1) Retrospective cohort studies identify exposed and unexposed groups from past data and determine current disease status, requiring less time than prospective studies.
2) Limitations include potential for poor quality or incomplete past data, and lack of information on confounding factors.
3) As an example, a study used employee health records to retrospectively examine the association between chemical exposure in tire manufacturing and mortality. However, past data may not fully account for smoking, diet, or other risk factors.
This document summarizes upcoming CSS features like Box Alignment Level 3, CSS Grid Layout, CSS Shapes, CSS Feature Queries, and CSS Custom Properties. It explains what each feature does at a high level and provides example code snippets. The document also encourages developers to get involved by filing issues on browser bug trackers, requesting new features, and creating blog posts/demos to help drive adoption of these new CSS specifications.
My books- Hacking Digital Learning Strategies http://hackingdls.com & Learning to Go https://gum.co/learn2go
Resources at http://shellyterrell.com/classmanagement
The reality for companies that are trying to figure out their blogging or content strategy is that there's a lot of content to write beyond just the "buy now" page.
Long term clinical and bacterial effetcx of xylitol on paitnets with fixed or...EdwardHAngle
Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical and bacterial effects of using 6 g of
xylitol per day for 3 months on patients with full fixed orthodontic appliances.
Methods: The study was a pilot clinical trial that included 41 subjects who were undergoing orthodontic
treatment. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received xylitol chewing gum, group B
received xylitol dissolvable chewable tablets, and Group C served as the control group and did not receive xylitol
gums or tablets. Clinical examination and the collection of plaque and saliva samples were carried out at baseline
and 3, 6, and 12 months. All three groups were given oral hygiene instruction and were put on a 6-month cleaning
and topical fluoride schedule. Plaque scores and bacterial counts were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the
different approaches at reducing the caries risk.
Results: Xylitol groups did not experience any more reduction in plaque score, plaque MS counts, or salivary MS
counts than the control group nor did they have lower values at any of the time points. Chewing gum did not
significantly increase the incidence of debonded brackets over the other groups.
Conclusions: Xylitol does not have a clinical or bacterial benefit in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Oral
hygiene instructions and 6-month topical fluoride application were effective at reducing plaque scores and bacterial
counts in patients with full fixed appliances regardless of whether or not xylitol was used.
International Journal Of Biomedical and Advance Researchyehezkeil
1. The study assessed the clinical and antimicrobial effects of a sodium chlorite-based toothpaste and mouthwash compared to a conventional alcohol-based oral care product in 50 patients with chronic periodontitis over 12 months.
2. At 12 months, the sodium chlorite group showed significantly greater reductions in gingival index, plaque index, and levels of four pathogenic bacteria compared to the conventional product group.
3. The results suggest that the sodium chlorite-based oral care products may be more effective than conventional alcohol-based products in improving oral health outcomes for patients with periodontitis.
Effects of exposure to mercury on health of dentists - Sunil Nair Health Info...Sunil Nair
This document describes a proposed pilot study to determine the effects of prolonged exposure to mercury on the health of dentists in India. The study would use questionnaires and tests to compare mercury levels, behavior, and cognitive function between dentists with over 10 years of practice experience. Comparisons would be made based on practice location and use of dental amalgam. Validity and reliability of the study design are discussed.
Why Is Illicit Drug Abuse Most Frequently Associated With...Monique Jones
This document discusses ways to prevent dental caries (tooth decay). It recommends eating a
balanced diet and limiting snacks between meals, brushing teeth twice daily with fluoride
toothpaste, flossing daily, visiting the dentist regularly, drinking sugary or acidic drinks in
moderation, and rinsing with water after consuming sugary foods or drinks. It also describes a
science experiment to test the effects of fluoride on dental caries prevention.
IAOMT dental mercury amalgam position statementIAOMT1984
This document presents the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology's (IAOMT) position statement against dental mercury amalgam fillings. It outlines the statement's objectives of ending amalgam use, educating on amalgam risks, and promoting mercury-free dentistry. It reviews a history of amalgam regulations globally and in the US, including several countries banning or restricting amalgam and ongoing regulatory actions. The statement provides recommendations to transition to mercury-free alternatives and evaluates potential benefits and harms of this transition. It was compiled using extensive research on amalgam's safety risks and the precautionary principle.
IAOMT dental mercury amalgam position statementDo No Harm, llc
This document provides a position statement from the International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology (IAOMT) against the use of dental mercury amalgam fillings. The statement calls for ending the use of dental mercury amalgam fillings due to health risks from mercury exposure. It recommends that dental practitioners and patients be educated about mercury-free alternatives and that existing fillings be removed safely. The position is based on analyses of scientific data showing dental mercury amalgam fillings are the primary source of mercury exposure for much of the population and pose unreasonable health risks according to principles of risk assessment and precaution.
This document provides an overview of adult orthodontics. It discusses special considerations for orthodontic treatment in adults, including medical history, psychological factors, lack of growth, and periodontal disease. It also describes recent advances in adult orthodontics, such as ceramic brackets, lingual appliances, and Invisalign, which aim to improve aesthetics. The document is a reference list for adult orthodontics written by Mohammed Almuzian at the University of Glasgow in 2013.
Smoking has significant negative effects on dental implants and their success rate. Studies have shown that smokers have a higher risk of implant failure, with failure rates being up to twice as high compared to non-smokers. Smoking reduces blood flow and tissue oxygenation, impairing wound healing around implants. It also negatively impacts bone density and regeneration. The negative effects are worse with greater numbers of cigarettes smoked per day and longer smoking durations. However, smoking cessation protocols may help reverse some of the negative impacts on implants and bone. Implant success rates are particularly compromised in smokers who have less than 4mm of bone height.
This document provides guidelines for the use of topical antiseptic and antimicrobial agents in wound management. It was developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts and is intended to help clinicians determine when, why, and how to appropriately use these agents. The document discusses the need to use antimicrobials in a targeted manner for short durations based on clinical signs of infection rather than arbitrary timelines. It also addresses issues like antibiotic resistance and the role of antiseptics in wound healing.
This document summarizes a study that examined the effectiveness of different motivational interventions to promote oral hygiene autonomy in individuals with special needs. The study involved 21 adults with disabilities who received four motivational activities over four months. Oral hygiene was evaluated before and after each activity using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. The results showed that supervised tooth brushing and discussions with parents/guardians were the most effective at improving oral hygiene scores, suggesting motivational activities can enhance quality of life for those with special needs.
Motivational interviewing in improving oral health aclinicabril2015
This systematic review analyzed randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) compared to conventional education (CE) in changing oral health behaviors and outcomes. The search yielded 221 papers, of which 20 papers describing 16 studies met the eligibility criteria. The quality of the included studies varied. Concerning periodontal health, 5 trials found MI improved oral hygiene compared to CE, while 2 trials found no difference. Two trials on smoking cessation in adolescents found no effect of MI. MI was found to outperform CE in improving outcomes in studies on preventing early childhood caries, adherence to dental appointments, and abstinence from drugs/alcohol to prevent facial injuries. The review concluded that the evidence for the effectiveness
Oral health Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour among a sample of Kurdish peop...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study examined the association between oral health factors and mortality in older Japanese adults. Over 17,000 participants aged 75 and over underwent oral health examinations assessing dental status, swallowing ability, dry mouth, plaque, and oral hygiene. Participants were followed for mortality, with a median follow up of 9.4 years. Poor oral health factors like fewer teeth, poor oral hygiene, and dry mouth were significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality based on Cox proportional hazards models, with a cumulative effect of multiple poor oral health factors further increasing mortality risk.
Longevity of teeth and implants a systematic reviewdroliv
This systematic review analyzed 11 studies on tooth loss and 9 studies on implant loss with at least 10 years of follow-up. The incidence of tooth loss varied between 1.3-20% over 10-30 years, depending on the population and maintenance levels. Bone loss around teeth was 0.2-0.8 mm over 10 years. Implant loss varied between 1-18% over follow-up periods ranging from 10-20 years, with bone loss around implants of 0.7-1.3 mm over 10 years. Direct comparisons between teeth and implants were difficult due to heterogeneity between the studies.
Int Endodontic J - 2022 - Kvist - Clinical decision making of post‐treatment ...DrDipaliShah
This document discusses clinical decision making regarding post-treatment disease in root-filled teeth. It begins by noting that 25-50% of root-filled teeth show signs of post-treatment disease on radiographs, though many are asymptomatic. There is no consensus among clinicians on how to manage such cases. The document outlines the typical options of no treatment, monitoring, extraction, or retreatment via surgical or non-surgical methods. It discusses how decisions are inherently subjective based on a clinician's knowledge and experience. Descriptive research has found wide variation in how clinicians decide to manage individual cases. The concept of "success" and "failure" integrates biological, evaluative, and normative components, but health and disease exist
68.Dr. Afreen Kauser; Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari; Dr. Ankita Khandelwal; Dr. Heena Tiwari; Dr. Sourabh Ramesh Joshi; Dr. Fawaz Abdul Hamid Baig; Dr. Anil Managutti. "Preference Of Orthodontic Treatment Versus Orthognathic Surgery In Class Iii Malocclusion Cases: A Research Survey". European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 8, 1, 2021, 1271-1276.
2. Background As an oral health student I want patients’ to be aware of the properties of the restorative materials used. Attention has been placed on the health effects of amalgam. Amalgam is still widely used and accepted in New Zealand and around the world. Conducting a study on amalgam would reveal patients opinions, to see if they felt the mercury in amalgam had impacted their general health in any way.
3. Research Plan Aims: To explore dental patients views on mercury in amalgam. To see if there is a link between mercury in dental amalgam and the health effects.
4. Literature Review Dental amalgam, also known as silver fillings, consists of 50% mercury as well as many other metals (Ferracane, 2009). Due to the high mercury content, amalgam has become a controversial restorative material as some individuals with amalgam restorations claim it has affected their general health due to the release of the mercury (Medsafe, 2010). Dental companies have been producing alternatives such as composite or Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) for cosmetic reasons as they are tooth coloured. Patients may also choose these alternatives as they do not contain mercury (Larkin, 2002). The properties of amalgam are that it is cost effective, strong, durable, easy to use and can withstand heavy chewing. These properties contribute to why amalgam has been the restorative material of choice by dental professionals for over 150 years.
5. Literature Review Millions of patients have been treated with no adverse health effects reported, although there were a few rare cases of patients who have a mercury allergy (Colgate, 2010). In 1990, approximately 200 million amalgam restorations were placed, proving the material is widely used and safe (Green, 2004). Due to the vast number of amalgam restorations being placed over long periods of time, with almost no adverse health effects reported, authorities such as the British Dental Association, United State Public Health Service, Federation DentaireInternationale (FDI) World Dental Federation and World Health Organisations (WHO) all agree and state that amalgam is safe to use (Colgate, 2010; MOH, 2008). The New Zealand Ministry of Health (MOH) and Medsafe support the use of amalgam for dental restorations and have based their guidelines on the information currently provided by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Medsafe 1999; MOH, 2008). This shows amalgam is a trusted restorative material, except for patients with a mercury allergy.
6. Literature Review One study found an individual with amalgam restorations absorbs minuscule amounts of mercury vapour, far below the level that exerts any adverse health effect. This study was performed on ten patients, who claimed their health symptoms were related to the mercury content of amalgam. Results showed the ten participants did not have significant mercury levels as they had neither a higher estimated daily uptake of inhaled mercury vapour, and did not have a higher mercury concentration in their blood or urine in comparison to eight patients who had no reported health complaints (Quackwatch, 2006). This research supports the use of amalgam, as health is almost unaffected by the minuscule amount of mercury vapour. Another study (Bailer et al, 2001) also points out that there is no significant link between mercury levels in the blood and the amount of amalgam restorations in patients with reported symptoms. Some studies relate problems patients attribute to amalgam restorations being psycohosomatic in nature and patients have worsened their beliefs by receiving incorrect information from the media (Quackwatch, 2006).
7. Literature Review In contrast, a study (Abraham, Svare, & Frank, 1984) brings attention to an increase in blood mercury levels. This suggests mercury levels should be a concern to the patient which encourages the move from amalgam to alternative restorative materials such as composite/GIC. Another study (Damian, Michael, Derek, & Boyd, 2006) found that patients that removed their amalgam restorations experienced reduced symptoms such as memory loss, depression and fatigue, which they claimed were associated with the mercury content. The FDA is using scientific literature to investigate claims that amalgam adversely affects the health of pregnant women and of younger children (MOH, 2008). While New Zealand supports the use of amalgam, countries like Austria, Canada, Germany and Sweden have restrictions on the use of amalgam due to wider environmental effects of mercury and low mercury uptake (Medsafe, 1999).
8. Literature Review One of the major drawbacks with patients who want to change from amalgam to composite is that every time restorations are re-done the size of the cavity is increased and more sound tooth structure, which is free from decay, is destroyed (Larkin, 2002). Therefore, the MOH does not recommend amalgam removal or replacement, without clinical indication as it can’t be justified on present clinic and scientific evidence. The exception is the patient who has an allergy or hypersensitivity reaction to amalgam (Medsafe, 1999). Research reveals that mercury levels have been shown to be minuscule. Therefore, if there has been almost no adverse health effects related to the mercury in amalgam (aside from mercury allergy) and it is classed as safe to use, then why are patients choosing to use alternative restorative materials such as composite/GIC? Therefore it is worth enquiring the patients’ opinions on the health effects of mercury in amalgam to address this gap.
9. Reserach Question What are the patients’ opinions on the health effects of mercury in amalgam?
10. Methodology As this study is seeking the patients’ opinions regarding the health effects of mercury in amalgam, the methodology is qualitative. This is because focus groups will be used as they are the most effective way for gaining opinions as it allows for discussion about mercury with all group members. Choosing focus groups over individual interviews allows everyone’s opinions to be heard and shares knowledge on the topic. If this research was done using a quantitative approach, opinions would be limited as surveys do not allow the participant to explain their thoughts clearly due to short answer questions (Davidson, 2005).
11. Design of the study (Sample selection). This research study does not use random selection methods (which is a quantitative method), as it needs specific participants. This enables specific data collection called purposive sampling which is a form of non-probability sampling. It samples individuals that are selected due to a characteristic, in this case the need for restorative restorations with the option of using amalgam or composite/GIC. This allows the researchers to obtain the opinions of the participants which is a sampling approach consistent with qualitative research. In order to gain specific participants through the purposive sampling method, dental professionals (dentists and health care centres) who have prospective patients with restorative work required will be provided with information regarding the study. This information will state that the targeted participants must be familiar with amalgam and visit their dental professional regularly (Syque, 2010).
12. Design of the study (Sample selection). Focus groups will be used to seek patient’s opinions regarding amalgam and composite/GIC, which is a qualitative approach. Focus groups limit the number of participants in each group, so that each member feels they have a chance to self-report which is an effective method which allows the participants to say their opinions on the discussion and be acknowledged (Polit, 2008). To keep the focus groups on track, each group will have a researcher to help facilitate the discussion on the health effects of mercury in amalgam. Data saturation will occur when the focus groups have discussed all the participants’ views and opinions about the mercury in amalgam and no new information is being discussed. Qualitative research data is analyzed throughout the study while it is taking place. Another qualitative method is individual interviews, however this would limit the discussion of the topic resulting in less depth of the topic. A quantitative approach would be surveys which are not ideal for this type of research as it would result in generalised answers with no in-depth discussion (Davidson, 2005).
13. Cultural Issues New Zealand studies must comply with the three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi which are: partnership, participation and protection (Moon, 2008). All ethnicities are eligible to participate in the study. Partnership is represented by the researcher and the participants working together to achieve a positive educational outcome regarding health. It is about mutual respect, making sure all participants are treated equally, spoken to with respect and understood for any cultural beliefs they have. For example, an important cultural belief is that the head is tapu (sacred) which may be a reason Maori are not having amalgam fillings. Informed consent is of the highest importance to maintaining partnership (Moon, 2008). Participation is about acknowledging the barriers participants may face. Maori may have limited English which would prevent them from understanding and discussing the amalgam topic therefore an interpreter will be arranged for these participants. Another barrier is transportation, as some participants may not be able to attend due to being of low socio-economic status therefore car-pooling can be arranged for these participants (Moon, 2008). Protection is about making sure the participant’s time is not wasted. Therefore the focus groups will be arranged with the participants at a convenient time and will be allocated a period of time such as one hour. The participants confidentially will be maintained throughout the study (Moon, 2008).
14. Instrument (Measurement) Qualitative studies use instruments, in this case the researcher. The researcher’s role is to draw out information about the topic through discussion, classifying the responses. This results in directed conversations focusing on the mercury in amalgam and exploring the controversies surrounding the topic (Babbie, 2008; Dingwall, 2008). This will be achieved through open-ended questions allowing the participants to be able to respond with reasoning. For example: ‘What are your personal views on the mercury content of amalgam?’ This allows the participants to give their view and elaborate as to why they feel that way, which will allow discussion between the participants of the focus groups to emerge. The researcher will record the discussions from the focus group sessions, but due to confidentiality, the researcher will not mention or identify any individual involved in the discussion. Rigour is essential in a research study as it provides accuracy. Reflexivity is used to maintain accuracy, as it requires the researcher to be aware of contributions they may make or that they themselves might influence in the focus group sessions which could affect the accuracy of the study results (Davidson, 2005).
15. Data Collection Methods The focus groups are a method of purposive sampling within non-probability sampling in qualitative studies (Babbie, 2008; Polit, 2008). The information shared in these focus groups will be pivotal in answering the research question. The groups will be encouraged and guided by the researcher to talk to each other about their experiences and knowledge of amalgam. As the researcher needs to have a background on amalgam to keep up with the conversation, he/she will not contribute to the thoughts and ideas of the participants. This ensures quality in the research as it is not about the researcher’s thoughts or opinions. In keeping with the three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, the researcher will guide the conversation utilising the time the group has allocated, until the participants feel they have answered the questions asked. As interpreters will be used, if required, there will be no discrimination and this will allow participants to feel involved and appreciated. The location of the focus groups will be held at Auckland University of Technology (AUT) as it is a neutral environment. Food and beverages will be provided to encourage participants to attend and keep them focused, allowing them to feel able to socialise with each other (Moon, 2008).
16. Data Analysis The results of the individual opinions and group decisions will be documented well, noting the patterns and/or meaning of the data obtained from the focus groups. The responses will be coded which will allow these themes to emerge. Thematic analysis is a qualitative data analysis method. Once the data has been analysed, the researcher will go over the analysis to gain confirmation and validation of the results which will improve rigour (Babbie, 2008).
17. Ethical Issues The ethics committee that needs to approve research study is Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee (AUTEC). This ensures study respects the three principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, as it protects the participants’ rights and ensures nothing has been left out of the research proposal at the negligence of the organisation or researcher involved (Auckland University of Technology, 2010; Australian Evaluation Society, 2000; Moon, 2008). Participating in the research study is voluntary. They are allowed to withdraw their consent and opt out of the research at any time. Informed consent must declare any risk of harm, such as emotional, psychological or physical that the participants may be subjected to. It also will declare what the intention of the research study is, its benefits and factors such as time and cost the participant may experience. Informed consent will also disclose the contact details of the research organisation. Confidentiality and anonymity must be maintained throughout the research study. This means information gained from the participants for the purposes of the research study is not disclosed, assuring their privacy is maintained at all times (Auckland University of Technology, 2010).
18. Expected Outcomes From conducting this research dental patients’ opinions on the health effects of mercury in amalgam will be explored. These views will help to identify if there is any link between mercury in dental amalgam and the health effects. The gap as to why patients are moving away from a safe restorative material will be therefore identified.
19. References 1/6 Abraham, J. E., Svare, C. W., & Frank, C. W. (1984). The effect of dental amalgam restorations on blood mercury levels. Journal of Dental Research, 63(1), 71-73. doi:10.1177/00220345840630011801 Auckland University of Technology (2010). Ethics knowledge base. Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://www.aut.ac.nz/research/research-ethics/ethics?sq_content_src=%2BdXJsPWh0dHAlM0ElMkYlMkZpbnRvdWNoLmF1dC5hYy5ueiUyRmludG91Y2glMkZFdGhpY3MlMkZrbm93bGVkZ2VfYmFzZSUyRmtiX2hvbWUucGhwJmFsbD0x Australian Evaluation Society (2000). Code of Ethics. Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://www.aes.asn.au/about/Documents%20-%20ongoing/code_of_ethics.pdf
20. References 2/6 Babbie, E. (2008). The basics of social research. Thomson/Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. Bailer, J., Rist, F., Rudolf, H., Staehle, H. J., Eickholz, P., Triebig, G., . . . Pfeifer, U. (2001). Adverse health effects related to mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings: toxicological or psychological causes?. Psychological Medicine, 31(2), 255-263. doi:10.1017/S0033291701003233 Colgate, (2010). Fillings. Retrieved on August 22, 2010, from http://www.healthysmiles.org.nz/default,280,fillings.sm
21. References 3/6 Damian, P. W., Michael, E. G., Derek, C., & Boyd, E. H. (2006). Mercury toxicity presenting as chronic fatigue, memory impairment and depression: Diagnosis, treatment, susceptibility, and outcomes in a New Zealand general practice setting (1994–2006).Neuroendocrinology Letters, 27(4), 415-423. Retrieved from http://www.ibcmt.com/2007-09-26-MercuryToxicityPresentingAsChronicFatigue..pdf Davidson, E. J. (2005). Evaluation Methodogy Basics: The nuts and bolts of sound evaluation: Sage Publications. Dingwall, R. (2008). Qualitative health research. Sage Publications.
22. References 4/6 Ferracane, J. L. (2001). Materials in dentistry, principles & applications, (2nd ed.). Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, USA. Green, S. A. (2004). Dental amalgam overview. Retrieved on August 22, 2010, from http://www.qualitydentistry.com/dental/amalgam/amalgam4.html Larkin, M. (2002). Don't remove amalgam fillings, urges American Dental Association. The Lancet, 360(9930), 393. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09626-5
23. References 5/6 Medsafe. (1999). Archived medical devices. Retrieved on August 22, 2010, from http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/Profs/device-issuesarchived.asp#Amalgam Moon, P. (2008). Health in the context of Aotearoa. The Treaty of Waitangi. Oxford University Press: New York. New Zealand Ministry of Health (2008). Ministry of Health statement on amalgam and other dental filling materials. Retrieved on August 22, 2010, from http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/indexmh/moh-position-on-use-of-amalgam-for-dental-fillings-not-changed
24. References 6/6 Polit, D. F. (2008). Designing and implementing a data collection plan. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia. Quackwatch, (2006). The “Mercury Toxicity” scam: How anti-amalgamists swindle people. Retrieved on August 22, 2010, fromhttp://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/mercury.html Syque. (2010). Non-Probability Sampling. Retrieved August 22, 2010, from http://changingminds.org/explanations/research/sampling/non-probability_sampling.htm