This document compares the herbal monograph for opium and senna in the Indian Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia. For opium, key differences include the Indian Pharmacopoeia providing more details on description and identification tests, while the British Pharmacopoeia provides more preparation examples and limitations for chromatographic systems. For senna, the British Pharmacopoeia provides a standardized extract and identification involves supernatant from boiling in ethanol/water, while the Indian Pharmacopoeia uses methanol extraction and identifies compounds via HPLC. Both pharmacopoeias have similar specifications for loss on drying, ash, and microbial limits.

1. Comparison Of
Herbal Monograph In
Pharmacopeia

2. Presenting:- Priya Jadhav M201013
Subject Incharge:- Dr. Alka Mukne Mam
2
Topic Name: Comparison Of Herbal
Monograph In Pharmacopeia

3. OPIUM

4. 4
OPIUM INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
Synonyms Papaver, Aphu Not Given
Biological
Source
Air-dried latex obtained by
incision from the unripe
capsules of Papaver
somniferum L.
Opium is the air-dried latex
obtained by incision from
the unripe capsules of
Papaver somniferum Linn
Description Explained with the diagram
Masses of various sizes which
tend to be soft and shiny and,
after drying, hard and brittle;
usually in somewhat
irregularly shaped masses
(natural opium) or moulded
into masses of more uniform
size and shape
(manipulated opium); color,
blackish brown; odour:-strong
and characteristic.
appearance and common
description is given

5. 5
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
Preparation
example
Preparation example is
not given under main
heading
Preparation example is
given under main
heading
e.g. Opium Tincher
Definition Title No title for synonyms
and biological source
Synonyms and biological
source is given under the
definition title
System suitability
Reference Solution
for thebaine
No Limitation is given number of theoretical
plates:- minimum 3000;
mass distribution ratio:-
minimum 3.0 for the
peak due to thebaine.

6. 6
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
Identification
Test
(First step and solutions
heading is given in italic)
TLC silica gel G plate
Mobile phase:- freshly
prepared mixture of
acetone, toluene, ethanol
(95 per cent), strong
ammonia solution
(20:20:3:1 V/V/V/V)
Stationary Phase:
octylsilane bonded to
porous silica (5 μm)
(Heading of all steps in
identification is given in
italic)
TLC silica gel G plate
Mobile phase:- freshly
prepared mixture of
concentrated ammonia R,
ethanol (96 per cent) R,
acetone R, toluene R
(2:6:40:40 V/V/V/V)
Stationary Phase
octylsilyl silica gel for
chromatography (5 μm)

7. 7
Test solution. Triturate 0.1 g of the powdered substance
with 5 ml of ethanol (70 per cent)
add 3 ml of ethanol (70 per cent)
transfer to a 25-ml conical flask and heat in a water-bath
at 50º to 60º for 30 minutes, with stirring
Cool, filter, wash the
filter with ethanol (70 per cent)
and dilute the filtrate to 10 ml
with the same solvent.
This is same in both Pharmacopeia

8. 8
INDIAN PHRAMACOPEIA BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA
Calculation
Formulas
W1×A2×625×100
W2×A1×5(100-h)
w1 = weight in g, of the alkaloid
used to prepare the reference
solution,
w2 = weight, in g, of the
substance under examination
used to prepare the test solution,
A1 = area of the peak
corresponding to the alkaloid in
the chromatogram obtained with
the reference solution,
A2 = area of the peak
corresponding to the alkaloid in
the chromatogram obtained with
the test solution,
h = percentage loss on drying.
M1×A2×625 100
×
M2×A1×5 100-h
M1=mass of the alkaloid used to
prepare the reference solution
M2=mass of the substance to be
examined used to prepare the test
solution
A1=area of the peak due to the
alkaloid in the chromatogram
obtained with the reference
solution
A2=area of the peak due to the
alkaloid in the chromatogram
obtained with the test
solution
h=percentage loss on drying.

9. 9
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA
Loss on drying
Total ash value
Maximum 15.0 per cent,
determined on 0.25 g cut
into thin slices, by drying in
an oven at 105º for 4 hours.
Maximum 6.0 per cent,
determined on 0.5 g.
Maximum 15.0 per cent,
determined on 1.000 g of the
substance to be examined cut
into thin slices, by drying in an
oven at 105 °C for 4 h.
Maximum 6.0 per cent.
Thebaine Not more than 3 per cent,
calculated on the dried
basis.
Same as mentioned
Microbial
contamination
1.0 g is free from Escherichia
coli and 10 g is free from
salmonellae.
Not mentioned

10. 10
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
Monograph
Example
Opium Dry Powder
preparation is
given
Opium Tincher
monograph is given
Storage
Label
Store protected
from light and
moisture
The label states
the name of any
added substance
No storage
condition is given
No labelling
instruction

11. SENNA

12. 12
SENNA INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
Synonyms Cassia leaf Alexandrian, Khartoum,
Tinnevelly senna
Biological
Source
Senna leaf consists of
the dried compound
leaves of Cassia
angustifolia or Cassia
senna Vhal.
Dried leaflets of Cassia
senna L. (C. acutifolia
Delile),
Family
STORAGE
Family: Leguminosae
Protected from
moisture and light
Family is not
mentioned
Protected from
moisture

13. 13
SENNA BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
Main heading
details
Preparation example is given
after main heading
Preparation example is not
given after the heading
Information
about the
standard
preparation test
Standardized Senna Leaf Dry
Extract When Powdered Senna
Leaf is prescribed or demanded,
material complying with the
requirements below with the
exception of Identification test A
and the test for Foreign matter
shall be dispensed or supplied.
No such specification is given
Definition Title Synonyms and biological source is
given under the definition title
No title for synonyms and
biological source

14. 14
SENNA BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA INDIAN PHARMACOPEIA
Identification
test 0.5 g of the powdered drug
add 5 ml of a mixture of equal
volumes of ethanol (96 per cent)
and water
heat to boiling Centrifuge
Use the supernatant liquid for
the test
Take 1 g of the dried leaves
powder substance under
examination.
Add 25 ml of methanol, reflux
for 10 minutes, cool and filter.
Reflux the residue with another
20 ml of methanol, cool and
filter.
Combine all the filtrates and
concentrate to 10 ml.

15. “
◎ ASSAY OF BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
15

16. 16
Carry out the assay protected from bright light. Place 0.150 g of the
powdered drug in 100 ml flask.
Add 30.0 ml of water, mix, weigh and place in a water-bath.
Heat under a reflux condenser for 15 min. Allow to cool, weigh and adjust
to the original mass with water.
Centrifuge and transfer 20.0 ml of the supernatant liquid to a 150 ml
separating funnel. Add 0.1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid and shake with 3
quantities, each of 15 ml of chloroform.

17. 17
Allow to separate and discard the chloroform layer. Add 0.10 g of sodium
hydrogen carbonate and shake for 3 min.
Centrifuge and transfer 10.0 ml of the supernatant liquid to a 100 ml
round-bottomed flask with a ground-glass neck.
Add 20 ml of ferric chloride solution and mix. Heat for 20 min in a water-
bath under a reflux condenser with the water level above that of the
liquid in the flask;
add 1 ml of hydrochloric acid and heat for a further 20 min, with frequent
shaking, to dissolve the precipitate. Cool, transfer the mixture to a
separating funnel and shake with 3 quantities

18. 18
Each of 25 ml, of ether previously used to rinse the flask.
Combine the 3 ether layers and wash with 2 quantities, each of 15 ml, of water
Transfer the ether layer to a volumetric flask and dilute to 100.0 ml with ether
Evaporate 10.0 ml carefully to dryness and dissolve the residue in 10.0 ml of a 5g/l
solution of magnesium acetate in methanol
Measure the absorbance at 515nm, using methanol as the compensation liquid.

19. 19
ASSAY OF INDIAN PHARAMCOPEIA
Weigh accurately 1.0 g of the coarsely powdered
substance in a round bottom flask
add about 10 ml of 1 per cent v/v acetic acid and 25 ml of methanol and reflux
on a water bath for about 30 minutes.
Cool to room temperature; make up the volume up to 50.0 ml with methanol and
filter.

20. 20
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
INDIAN PHARMACOPEIA
Chromatographic
system limitation
There are no
chromatographic system
limitation are given
➢ a stainless steel column 25 cm x 4.6
mm packed with octadecylsilane
bonded to porous silica (5 μm)
➢ mobile phase: a mixtures of 82
volumes of 1 per cent v/v acetic acid
in water and 18 volumes of
acetonitrile
➢ flow rate. 1 ml per minute
➢ spectrophotometer set at 350 nm
➢ a 20 μl loop injector.
Calculation
formula
i.e. taking the specific
absorbance of sennoside B to
be 240.
A×1.25
m
A= absorbance at 515 nm,
m= mass of the substance to
be examined, in grams.
Formula is not mentioned.

21. 21
BRITISH
PHARMACOPEIA
INDIAN
PHARMACOPEIA
Foreign matter Maximum 3 per cent of
foreign organs and
maximum 1 per cent of
foreign elements.
Not more than 1.0 per cent
Loss on drying Maximum 12.0 per cent,
determined on 1.000 g of
the powdered drug by
drying in an oven at 105
°C for 2 h.
Not more than 12.0 per cent,
determined on 5 g of powder
drug by drying in an oven at
105°.
Total ash Maximum 12.0 per cent. Not more than 14.0 per cent
Ash insoluble in
hydrochloric
acid
Maximum 2.5 per cent. Not more than 2.5 per cent.
Microbial
contamination.
Not given Complies with the microbial
contamination tests.

22. THANK YOU…..
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