1) PABRA operates in over 29 countries with over 350 partners and works to improve bean research, production and markets.
2) They developed several tools to better manage and share data between widespread partners including a database, an indicator tracking template, and most recently an online data collection tool.
3) The tools aimed to address problems with data access, sharing results, and updating information regularly from partners in different countries. The online tools especially aimed to make data entry and validation more efficient.
Monitoring, data management, and impact assessment in Africa RISINGafrica-rising
Presented by Beliyou Haile (IFPRI), Arkadeep Bandyopadhyay (IFPRI) and Carlo Azzarri (IFPRI) at the Africa RISING Program Learning Event, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 February 2019
Presentation by Todd Carpenter given at the American Library Association Conference on June 25, 2017 about the Resource Access in the 21st Century (RA21) project. The RA21 project is focused on improving the access control systems for digital content subscribed to by libraries.
mHealth for Logistics: Solving Data Challenges Through Mobile TechnologyJSI
Achieving visibility into logistics data at lower levels of the health system is always a challenge for logisticians. Developed by IAPHL and JSI, the presentation “mHealth for Logistics: Solving Data Challenges through Mobile Technology” is an introduction to the ways in which mobile technology can improve your logistics programs. The purpose of this presentation is to give an overview of several of the mobile solutions available to program implementers.
We begin by presenting the least resource-intensive intervention and work our way up to the most robust mobile information systems. Categories of tools that are covered include: mobile forms for data collection; basic SMS databases for routine reporting; paying for a customizable generic platform; and working with a developer to build a new system to your specifications from scratch. The presentation also explains practical aspects of implementing mobile solutions, such as costs and human resources required, to help viewers gauge which options best meet their needs.
This presentation was given as a webinar on May 26, 2013. To view a recording of the webinar, go to https://jsi.webex.com/jsi/lsr.php?AT=pb&SP=MC&rID=71779802&rKey=057d4c3e85b68164
Monitoring, data management, and impact assessment in Africa RISINGafrica-rising
Presented by Beliyou Haile (IFPRI), Arkadeep Bandyopadhyay (IFPRI) and Carlo Azzarri (IFPRI) at the Africa RISING Program Learning Event, Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-8 February 2019
Presentation by Todd Carpenter given at the American Library Association Conference on June 25, 2017 about the Resource Access in the 21st Century (RA21) project. The RA21 project is focused on improving the access control systems for digital content subscribed to by libraries.
mHealth for Logistics: Solving Data Challenges Through Mobile TechnologyJSI
Achieving visibility into logistics data at lower levels of the health system is always a challenge for logisticians. Developed by IAPHL and JSI, the presentation “mHealth for Logistics: Solving Data Challenges through Mobile Technology” is an introduction to the ways in which mobile technology can improve your logistics programs. The purpose of this presentation is to give an overview of several of the mobile solutions available to program implementers.
We begin by presenting the least resource-intensive intervention and work our way up to the most robust mobile information systems. Categories of tools that are covered include: mobile forms for data collection; basic SMS databases for routine reporting; paying for a customizable generic platform; and working with a developer to build a new system to your specifications from scratch. The presentation also explains practical aspects of implementing mobile solutions, such as costs and human resources required, to help viewers gauge which options best meet their needs.
This presentation was given as a webinar on May 26, 2013. To view a recording of the webinar, go to https://jsi.webex.com/jsi/lsr.php?AT=pb&SP=MC&rID=71779802&rKey=057d4c3e85b68164
A presentation on the role of data and users in the experience of the Labuan International Business Finance Centre. In particular the registry application.
Learn How Mobile Beacon’s Internet Can Boost Your Organization!.pdfTechSoup
In this webinar, members learned how Mobile Beacon provides unlimited internet to connect their organization’s services with their users. Members also learned about Mobile Beacon’s hotspots donation program eligibility, available devices, and services throughTechSoup.
Accessu 2016 presentation "Implementing IT Accessibility Strategically" Jeff Kline
While laws, regulations and standards for making IT accessible have been in effect for well over a decade, adoption in both public and private sectors has been painfully slow. One overarching inhibitor to IT accessibility that is rarely identified, even when an organization is relatively committed to make its products and services accessible, is that the organization itself is not enabled for addressing IT accessibility in all its dimensions. When considering the accessibility of ALL of an organization’s IT including external products, services, and its complex internal IT environment, e-learning, etc., a comprehensive, holistic approach needed.
Jenny Mitcham from the University of York and Chris Awre from the University of Hull share lessons learned from their project to explore the potential of the digital preservation solution Archivematica to help manage research data that academics within the University produce. The project 'Filling the Digital Preservation Gap' has been carried out with funding from Jisc as part of their Research Data Spring program and was a collaboration of the University of York and the University of Hull. The project did not only explore Archivematica as a possible solution but also how it could integrate with the repositories and other systems for the management of research data.
The Series is jointly sponsored by ANDS and CAUL.
APNIC's Elly Tawhai and Sofia Silva Berenguer give an update on APNIC's activities, services and product development at NZNOG 2019 in Napier, New Zealand from 28 January to 1 February 2019.
Open Data Ireland: Developing a national open data strategyDublinked .
Dr Evelyn O'Connor, project lead in the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform presents the benefits of open data and the strategy adopted by Ireland for developing the CKAN open data portal for Ireland data.gov.ie
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
A presentation on the role of data and users in the experience of the Labuan International Business Finance Centre. In particular the registry application.
Learn How Mobile Beacon’s Internet Can Boost Your Organization!.pdfTechSoup
In this webinar, members learned how Mobile Beacon provides unlimited internet to connect their organization’s services with their users. Members also learned about Mobile Beacon’s hotspots donation program eligibility, available devices, and services throughTechSoup.
Accessu 2016 presentation "Implementing IT Accessibility Strategically" Jeff Kline
While laws, regulations and standards for making IT accessible have been in effect for well over a decade, adoption in both public and private sectors has been painfully slow. One overarching inhibitor to IT accessibility that is rarely identified, even when an organization is relatively committed to make its products and services accessible, is that the organization itself is not enabled for addressing IT accessibility in all its dimensions. When considering the accessibility of ALL of an organization’s IT including external products, services, and its complex internal IT environment, e-learning, etc., a comprehensive, holistic approach needed.
Jenny Mitcham from the University of York and Chris Awre from the University of Hull share lessons learned from their project to explore the potential of the digital preservation solution Archivematica to help manage research data that academics within the University produce. The project 'Filling the Digital Preservation Gap' has been carried out with funding from Jisc as part of their Research Data Spring program and was a collaboration of the University of York and the University of Hull. The project did not only explore Archivematica as a possible solution but also how it could integrate with the repositories and other systems for the management of research data.
The Series is jointly sponsored by ANDS and CAUL.
APNIC's Elly Tawhai and Sofia Silva Berenguer give an update on APNIC's activities, services and product development at NZNOG 2019 in Napier, New Zealand from 28 January to 1 February 2019.
Open Data Ireland: Developing a national open data strategyDublinked .
Dr Evelyn O'Connor, project lead in the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform presents the benefits of open data and the strategy adopted by Ireland for developing the CKAN open data portal for Ireland data.gov.ie
Similar to Monitoring & Evaluation and ICTs4D (20)
Durante la Semana de la Agricultura y la Alimentación, el Programa de Investigación del CGIAR en Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria – CCAFS, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, FAO, y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical – CIAT, apoyaron la II Reunión Internacional de Ministros y altas autoridades de agricultura sobre agricultura sostenible y cambio climático con un documento base y su presentación sobre los retos que representa el cambio climático para la agricultura en Latino América y el Caribe.
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Impacto de las intervenciones agricolas y de salud para reducir la deficienci...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv.
Presentado por Byron Reyes, CIAT/ Harvestplus
Agricultura sensible a la nutrición en el Altiplano. Explorando las perspecti...CIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
El rol de los padres en la nutrición del hogarCIAT
Taller sobre intervenciones en nutrición, género y agricultura: situación actual y oportunidades futuras’, organizado por el CIAT y HarvestPlus en Ciudad de Guatemala. Leer más: http://ow.ly/XNIv30mGYBv
Jennifer Twyman, Líder de investigación de Género en el CIAT
Scaling up soil carbon enhancement contributing to mitigate climate changeCIAT
The 4 per 1000 Africa Symposium - Building synergies across Africa to advance on soils for food security and climate, Johannesburg, South Africa 24-26 October 2018
Rolf Sommer, Kristin Piikki, Mats Söderström, Sylvia Nyawira, Mayesse da Silva, Wuletawu Abera and
Job Kihara
Impacto del Cambio Climático en la Agricultura de República DominicanaCIAT
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), con el apoyo de los Programas de Investigación de CGIAR sobre Políticas, Instituciones y Mercados (PIM) y sobre Cambio Climático, Agricultura y Seguridad Alimentaria (CCAFS), se han asociado para comprender, a través de la ciencia, el impacto del cambio climático en cultivos claves y el impacto económico en la productividad de la agricultura en países de ALC.
BioTerra: Nuevo sistema de monitoreo de la biodiversidad en desarrollo por el...CIAT
BioTerra es un sistema innovador de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas desarrollado por el Programa Riqueza Natural de la Agencia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), y sus socios locales – el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) – para apoyar al gobierno colombiano en el cumplimiento de las metas y compromisos de conservación de la biodiversidad. Este sistema busca complementar y aunar esfuerzos existentes de monitoreo de la biodiversidad y sus amenazas, a nivel nacional y regional.
Cacao for Peace Activities for Tackling the Cadmium in Cacao Issue in Colo...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Tackling cadmium in cacao and derived products – from farm to forkCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Cadmium bioaccumulation and gastric bioaccessibility in cacao: A field study ...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Geographical Information System Mapping for Optimized Cacao Production in Col...CIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
Técnicas para disminuir la disponibilidad de cadmio en suelos de cacaoterasCIAT
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
El taller ‘Cacao libre de cadmio’, organizado por el CIAT, CIRAD, y la AFD, se lleva a cabo del 12 al 14 de marzo en la sede del CIAT en Palmira,y tiene como objetivo integrar un consorcio de actores y disciplinas claves de la región, así como elaborar un proyecto de investigación aplicada que dé respuesta a este problema que afecta a los cacaoteros de Colombia, Perú y Ecuador. http://ow.ly/J43p30iU0UZ
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
2. Brief Introduction
Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA) PABRA – Context
•Operates in over 29 countries
•Has over 350 partners through partnerships of
Farmers and rural communities
Non-Government Organizations
Traders and
Private sector partners
3. First problem
• Data management and Data sharing in PABRA was first conceptualized in 2009
• Conceptualization was as a result of
Problems with data access & sharing
Difficulty in knowing what other partners were doing due to the program spatial spread
The need for stakeholders to access results in one place
4. The first solution
1. PABRA Online Database (http://database.pabra-africa.org/)
Product Summary
•Presents data on Breeding, ICM, Nutrition, Markets, Seed Systems &
capacity building
•Has data as far as 1965 was curated from archival records starting in
2009 for 5 years.
•The process of data collecting is an ongoing activity
•Has a front end for display of information to the public (Top figure) and
the backend for authenticated users for data capture (Below figure)
•Application is hosted in CIAT Cali infrastructure (Oracle 11g database
&Java front end) and modification access is secured through a VPN
connection
5. Second problem
• The Database required to be updated regularly for it to remain meaningful to implementing partners in the
different countries where PABRA projects are based
• There was need to develop a product that can be used capture from all the partners that we work with thus
the introduction of the IPTT
6. Second Solution
2. Indicator Performance Tracking Template (IPTT)
Product Summary
•The excel file has a sheet for each PABRA theme, each sheet
has variables that ultimately address the PABRA indicators
•Copies of the IPTT is regularly sent by email to respective
country coordinators who fill and send back.
•Data that may need clarification is highlighted (See figure) and
sent back to the coordinator for clarification until its deemed
correct.
•Data Collected using the IPTT is later captured into the PABRA
database using the back end functionality for open access
7. Third set of problem(s)
These set of problems mainly resulted from the experience of using the IPTT, some of these include
•Delays in Data reaching us
•Errors in data collected
•Repeated entries
8. Third Product
3. Online Data Collection Tool (ODCT) – (https://odct.pabra-africa.org/)
Product Summary
•Online based and accessed via an active internet connection
•Structured according to the PABRA themes with digitized data
capture forms with validation functionality
•Has export to excel functionality, exported data is straight
uploaded to the PABRA database
•Online Data approval stages from data entrant -> Supervisor->
country coordinator before uploaded to database
•Development Platform ( front end- HTML, CSS & JavaScript,
Middle end-PHP and Backend- MySQL open source database
9. Summary of Product Development
# Product Description
2 PABRA Database • Launched in 2014 guided by the need for open
access
• Continuously being modified to cater for changing
demands
• Capture of new records is a continuous process
3 Indicator Performance Tracking Template (IPTT) • Has over time been modified to include validation
of data columns
4 Online Data Collection Tool (ODCT) • Developed in 2015 using in house resources
• Expect to launch in 2016 after carrying out training
of partners
• The development of user manuals is done a
waiting pre-testing for final modifications
5 Mobile version of the ODCT • We intend to have a version of the ODCT that is
scalable to mobile devises in 2016.- May be in
2016.
10. Use of the Products by stakeholders
• The IPTT is the most widely used product by all country partner (filled in about twice a year)
• ODCT has been an effort for 2015 and will be launched in 2016
• Access of the PABRA database shows a considerable increase in number of people visiting
11. What we have learnt
• The product needs to be responsive to the stakeholders
• Being web-based, ICT competence levels of end user have to be considered in all development stages
• Ensure that the data collected is sharable across many projects
• Use of complementary approach in training hands on training and virtual media
• Hands on training as opposed to virtual training will deliver high rates of usability
• There is need to consider the varying levels of ICT infrastructure development across the countries that our
partners work in- Internet penetration has an impact on the usage of the product
• Use of various tools to broaden the usage and also create awareness of the existence of the tool
12. Questions for further Research
The need to embrace mobile data collection products to supplement existing efforts- What development
platform (Open source such as ODK vs Customized applications) will provide the most efficient result?
The work i am about to present occurs in the PABRA program. A program that operates in 29 countries. In this región, PABRA Works with over 350 implementing partners.
I am based in Uganda. Ciat scientists working in the PABRA Program are based in kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi---hover cursor in the identified countries
Data-management and data-sharing in PABRA was first conceptualized in 2009. As a result of problems that the program was experiencing in that time:
These were:
Problems with data access and data sharing – the program had more partners at the time over 450 in total. These were clustered into four implementation domains namely: breeding, seed systems, crop management technology and enabling rural innovations. Teams in these domains needed to access data generated in the other domains.
The spatial spread of the program meant that it was difficult to know what some partners were doing. Partners met once in a year in a regional forum. It was difficult to access data in the course of the year. A system was not in place to do this.
The stakeholders in the program were keen to access the results of the program in one place, a centralized system was therefore required.
The solution to this problem was the PABRA database.
Country data is presented for the following domains: breeding (697), Seed Systems (2369) ,ICM (4586), Nutrition (Modification in progress), Markets (720) and capacity building (7251)
Data was curated from archival records dating as far back as 1965.
The process of curating took 5 years.
Data was validated with country partners.
The database currently holds over 15,623 records that cover 29 countries. Records are continuously added.
The PABRA database created an opportunity to have all the data in one single location, However there was need to have a mechanism that going forward could be used to capture data from the partners we work with
The second set of problems that we experienced concerns data capture. The database had to be sustained with new data, for it to remain valid and useful to stakeholders.
These were:
The existing system at the time was an excel based template that was circulated to all countries calling on all to complete the excel template and submit it at a stated date and month in the year.
The Problems that we experienced were:
Delays in data reaching us
Changes to the excel template
Errors in the data
Repeated entries
It took so long to clean the data, enter it manually in the database and do analysis
We have improved its functionality since its first launch, mainly to ensure it is a semi- automated system
The IPTT is based on an excel platform
We froze/locked ( what&apos;s the best name) fields and columns to minimize errors
The third set of problems that we experienced concerns data capture.
The existing system at the time the IPTT that involved circulating to all countries by email and where need be follow up with phone calls presented a new set of problems and these included
Delays in data reaching us as most of the correspondence were by email
Changes to the excel template
Errors in the data due to limited capability of the IPTT to validate columns on all types of data leading to repeated entries and wrong data types in some columns
The above problems coupled with the need to manually capture data into the database resulted into the development of the ODCT.
The ODCT builds on the structure of the IPTT and this was aimed at ensuring that the progress from IPTT to ODCT is seamless as most of the users of the IPTT will be familiar with the variables.
This product is for country members who are more fluent in ICT use. While those with basic ICT skills continue to use the IPTT the more advanced partners will graduate to use the ODCT starting from 2016.
The ODCT has been developed using open source technology and using internal expertise and resources and hosted on CIAT infrastructure
In summary:
We launched the PABRA database in 2014, we developed a semi automated database capture product which we call the IPTT, this is an excel based platform. And most recently we have developed the ODCT which is a fully automated data capture platform for use by the more advanced users in our programs.
The use of the various products has over the last 5 years been appreciated.
The database as of this year April had 748 page views of which 54.4% are returning visitors and 45.6% new visitors
All the country coordinators that PABRA works with in each of the respective countries have been able to use the IPTT in data collection.
The ODCT has not been used yet as we hope to launch it in 2016. Most of the country coordinators have had a chance to be introduced to this tool though they have not been trained to use it.
Lessons learnt:
Products need to be responsive to demands of stakeholders in a project, program or institution.
In order to ensure use, validity and sustainability of the product its important to conceptualize the product with the stakeholders.
Development has to take into consideration language of stakeholders
Training and mentoring of users, using both virtual trainings and face to face encounters are important
Provide a time/period for uptake before you can establish that the products are being used.
Align the products to the activities and results of the project, program- this promotes likelihoood of use.
Ensure that the data is usable across several projects, and seek to cost share the data-management and sharing across projects that are benefitting from the data.
Be generous with the database link in order to broaden use and referencing of the database
Acknowledge the stakeholders involved in the conceptualization and in the data-capture, as an incentive to future data capture efforts.
Link data-management sites to data analysis platforms, and lesson learning platforms– this is our next move
Our products are developed to run on the computers.
We are looking into having the ODCT supported by mobile data devices as a means to enhance data capture and sharing.
We have for along time struggled to set up an analysis platform which draws data from the database