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MOSFET
Types of Transistors
MOSFET (Types)
Four types:
n-channel enhancement mode
• Most common since it is cheapest to manufacture
p-channel enhancement mode
n-channel depletion mode
p-channel depletion mode
Depletion type
n-channel p-channel
Enhancement type
n-channel p-channel
MOSFET
FET = Field-Effect Transistor
A four terminal device (gate, source, drain,
bulk)
Symbols of
MOSFET
MOSFET characteristics
 Basically low voltage device. High voltage
device are available up to 600V but with limited
current. Can be paralleled quite easily for higher
current capability.
 Internal (dynamic) resistance between drain and
source during on state, RDS(ON), , limits the
power handling capability of MOSFET. High
losses especially for high voltage device due to
RDS(ON) .
 Dominant in high frequency application
(>100kHz). Biggest application is in switched-
mode power supplies.
 The transistor consists of three regions, labeled the
``source'', the ``gate'' and the ``drain''.
 The area labeled as the gate region is actually a
``sandwich'' consisting of the underlying substrate
material, which is a single crystal of semiconductor
material (usually silicon); a thin insulating layer
(usually silicon dioxide); and an upper metal
layer.
 Electrical charge, or current, can flow from the
source to the drain depending on the charge applied
to the gate region.
 The semiconductor material in the source and drain
region are ``doped'' with a different type of material
than in the region under the gate, so an NPN or PNP
type structure exists between the source and drain
region of a MOSFET.
•Most important device in digital design
•Very good as a switch
•Relatively few parasitics
•Rather low power consumption
•High integration density
•Simple manufacturing
•Economical for large complex circuits
n-Channel MOSFET
NMOS Structure
 MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) Nowadays gate is made of poly-silicon
􀂉 Channel length L and width W
􀂉 In most digital design, L is set at the minimum feature size
􀂉 W is selectable by the designer
􀂉 Bulk is connected to the Gnd in NMOS to prevent forward-biased PN junction
On state Off state
n-MOSFET Characteristics
Plots V-I characteristics
of the device for various
Gate voltages (VGS)
At a constant value of VDS , we can
also see that IDS is a function of the
Gate voltage, VGS
The transistor begins to conduct
when the Gate voltage, VGS , reaches
the Threshold voltage: VT
PMOS Structure
 PMOS transistor has a negative threshold voltage (Vtp) -0.3v~-1.2v
 A pMOS turns on when Vgs<Vtp
The terminal characteristics of the device are given by
drain-to-source current Ids against drain-to-source
voltage Vds for different values of gate-to-source
voltage Vgs. All voltages are referenced with respect
to the source voltage, which is assumed to be at
ground potential.
P-MOSFET Characteristics
Switch models of MOSFETs
g
s
d
g = 0
s
d
g = 1
s
d
g
s
d
s
d
s
d
nMOS
pMOS
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
Thank You

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MOMOSFET stands for metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. It is a field-effect transistor with a MOS structure. Typically, the MOSFET is a three-terminal device with gate (G), drain (D) and source (S) terminals.

  • 3. MOSFET (Types) Four types: n-channel enhancement mode • Most common since it is cheapest to manufacture p-channel enhancement mode n-channel depletion mode p-channel depletion mode Depletion type n-channel p-channel Enhancement type n-channel p-channel
  • 4. MOSFET FET = Field-Effect Transistor A four terminal device (gate, source, drain, bulk) Symbols of MOSFET
  • 5. MOSFET characteristics  Basically low voltage device. High voltage device are available up to 600V but with limited current. Can be paralleled quite easily for higher current capability.  Internal (dynamic) resistance between drain and source during on state, RDS(ON), , limits the power handling capability of MOSFET. High losses especially for high voltage device due to RDS(ON) .  Dominant in high frequency application (>100kHz). Biggest application is in switched- mode power supplies.
  • 6.  The transistor consists of three regions, labeled the ``source'', the ``gate'' and the ``drain''.  The area labeled as the gate region is actually a ``sandwich'' consisting of the underlying substrate material, which is a single crystal of semiconductor material (usually silicon); a thin insulating layer (usually silicon dioxide); and an upper metal layer.  Electrical charge, or current, can flow from the source to the drain depending on the charge applied to the gate region.  The semiconductor material in the source and drain region are ``doped'' with a different type of material than in the region under the gate, so an NPN or PNP type structure exists between the source and drain region of a MOSFET.
  • 7. •Most important device in digital design •Very good as a switch •Relatively few parasitics •Rather low power consumption •High integration density •Simple manufacturing •Economical for large complex circuits
  • 9. NMOS Structure  MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) Nowadays gate is made of poly-silicon 􀂉 Channel length L and width W 􀂉 In most digital design, L is set at the minimum feature size 􀂉 W is selectable by the designer 􀂉 Bulk is connected to the Gnd in NMOS to prevent forward-biased PN junction On state Off state
  • 10. n-MOSFET Characteristics Plots V-I characteristics of the device for various Gate voltages (VGS) At a constant value of VDS , we can also see that IDS is a function of the Gate voltage, VGS The transistor begins to conduct when the Gate voltage, VGS , reaches the Threshold voltage: VT
  • 11. PMOS Structure  PMOS transistor has a negative threshold voltage (Vtp) -0.3v~-1.2v  A pMOS turns on when Vgs<Vtp
  • 12. The terminal characteristics of the device are given by drain-to-source current Ids against drain-to-source voltage Vds for different values of gate-to-source voltage Vgs. All voltages are referenced with respect to the source voltage, which is assumed to be at ground potential. P-MOSFET Characteristics
  • 13. Switch models of MOSFETs g s d g = 0 s d g = 1 s d g s d s d s d nMOS pMOS OFF ON ON OFF