Module06 human factor
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This document discusses human factors and their influence on safety. It describes human factors as environmental, organizational, job and individual characteristics that can affect safety. It explains that approaches to safety have evolved from technical improvements to also consider process/procedures and now focus more on human factors. Human factors are influenced by the individual, job and organization and the document outlines factors within each of these spheres that can affect safety.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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Module06 human factor
- 1. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Module 06 Human Factors
- 2. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Human Factors? “Human factors refer to environmental, organisational and job factors, and human and individual characteristics which influence behaviour at work in a way that can affect health and safety”
- 3. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s Technical improvements (Hardware) Process and procedural safety (Software) Human factors Why Tackle Human Factors?
- 4. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 JOB Task, Workload Environment Display and Controls Procedures….. INDIVIDUAL Competence, Skills Personality, Attitudes Risk Perception….. ORGANISATION Culture,leadership, Resources, Work patterns, Communications….. Three Spheres of Influence
- 5. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 The Individual Attitudes and Behaviours Motivation Perception Also issues re :- Mental or physical capabilities Training etc
- 6. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- 7. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Perception
- 8. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Perception
- 9. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 The Organisation The culture is defined as: “the product of individual or group values, attitudes and competencies and patterns of behaviour, that determine the commitment to and style and proficiency of an organisation’s health and safety programmes.” Competence Control Co-operation Communication
- 10. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 The Job Safe systems of work Ergonomics The extent of decision making a balance between stimulation and stress Procedures and instructions The working environment maintained to a standard and monitored Work patterns
- 11. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 6 Steps to Commitment Committed Involved Compliant Reluctant Non-compliant Apathetic Creates and modifies the rules or systems to achieve the goal. Does what can be done within the existing system. Sees the benefits. Does what is expected, but no more. Does not see benefits. Does what is expected to keep job. Probably makes reluctance known Fails to see the benefits. Will not do what is expected. No opinion or interest
- 12. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Human Failure Active failures Immediate consequences eg drivers, control room staff Latent failures Poor design Lack of training Lack of supervision Uncertainty on roles and responsibility
- 13. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Major Incidents Three Mile Island Clapham Junction Challenger Space Shuttle Piper Alpha
- 14. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 Human Failures Human Failures Violations Errors Exceptional Routine Situational Mistakes Skill based Lapses Slips Rules Knowledge
- 15. © CHSS 2003 Ref: SC/086/V1 How to promote safe behaviour Discipline responsibilities and accountability Reward Inform reasoning and understanding changing perceptions Facilitate make safe behaviour easy