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1. Disaster Preparedness
Module 8

2. Disaster and calamities
may strike anytime, anywhere without warning. Like a thief in the night, they sneak into our
lives and if caught unprepared, the damage and havoc they cause is devastating and
severe. It could mean a life and death situation; loss of life and property. Disaster and
calamities choose no place to strike whether at home, in school, at church, in the workplace
or in the streets, reason for us to be always ready and prepared for less damage and loss.
have a negative impact.

3. Definition of Terms
Disaster
This refers to the
natural or man-made
disruption and
disturbance of the
functions of the society
causing great losses to
lives, property, and the
environment.
.
Disaster
Preparedness
Relief Rehabilitation
This refers to one’s
ability to respond to
incoming calamities
with effective and
appropriate measures
in order to lessen,
thwart and abate
possible dangers and
destruction it brings to
lives and property.
This refers to temporary
or permanent stability
caused by effective
measures and
employment of
necessary solutions that
follow after a disaster.
This refers to the
immediate action taken
in order to facilitate the
employment of
necessary assistance
and care to the victims
of a disaster

4. GENERAL EFFECTS OF DISASTER
• Loss of life
• Injury
• Damage and destruction of property/infrastructure
• Disruption of production and destruction of substance and
cash crops/loss of livelihood/economic loss
• Disruption of essential and basic services
• Emotional and psychological disturbance

5. APPROACHES TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Prevention – these are actions designed to impede the occurrence of
a disaster or its harmful effect on communities and key installations;
• Mitigation – these are programs intended to reduce the ill effects of
disaster;
• Preparedness – these are measures which enable governments,
organizations, communities and individuals to respond rapidly and
effectively to disaster situations.

6. APPROACHES TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Disaster Impact – this reminds us that effects of different kinds of
disaster vary.
• Response – these are measures taken immediately prior to and
following disaster impact.
• Recovery – the process by which communities and organizations are
assessed in returning to their proper level of functioning following a
disaster.
• Development – this provides the link between disaster-related
activities and national development.

7. CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Lack of appreciation and support to the Disaster
Preparedness Program by duty holders;
• Lack of strong and effective Disaster Coordinating Council at
the local level;
• Absence of Disaster Preparedness Planning;
• Lack/absence of effective linkages for disaster operation;

8. CONSTRAINTS/CHALLENGES IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Absence of a functional Disaster Operation Center especially
at the local level;
• Erroneous disaster reporting and monitoring; and
• Insufficient knowledge and training on disaster management.

9. DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICIES
• Self-reliance through self-help and mutual assistance
• Maximum use of resources in the affected areas
• Planning and operation to be done at the barangay level, in an
inter-agency, multi-sectoral basis to optimize maximum
resources

10. DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICIES
• Documentation of plans of Disaster Operation Center
members
• Local leadership to take charge at their respective levels
• National government to support local government efforts
• Conduct of exercise and periodic drills at the local level to
ensure the preparedness of all concerned.

11. How to prepare?
• Find out what could happen. Stay informed.
• Make a household disaster and emergency plan,
considering everyone in your household.
• Reduce structural, non-structural and
environmental risks in and around your home.
• Learn response skills and practice your plan.

12. How to prepare?
• Prepared response provisions to survive for about a
week. Prepare evacuation bags.
• Work together with your workplace, schools,
neighbors and local community to assess your risks,
plan to reduce them, and prepare to respond.

13. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk identification is the act of identifying negative
and positive risks that impact an objective.
For example: suppose you are planning a holiday in the Bahamas. After
spending several thousand dollars, you’ve bought the tickets and
booked your rooms in a luxury resort. A couple days before taking the
flight, a hurricane hit the Bahamas and all resorts are closed.

14. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Assessment: is when you gauge the consequence
of the risk. In simple terms, the probability and impact
of the risk is taken into account.
Bahamas vacation example. In this case, the probability of hurricanes
hitting the island is dictated by the season. If you go during hurricane
season, the risk assessment will indicate a high probability.

15. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Difference: The key difference is that risk identification
takes place before risk assessment. This is logical
because for you to assess anything, you first need to
identify it. Risk Identification tells you what the risk is,
while risk assessment tells you how the risk will affect
your objective.

16. RISK IDENTIFICATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT
Prevention and Mitigation: Are used as synonyms some prefer to
drop the term mitigation and use only prevention. The term
mitigation can be comprised in the term prevention. Mitigation
means to reduce the severity of the human and material damage
caused by the disaster. Prevention is to ensure the human action
or natural phenomena do not result in disaster or emergency.

17. Prevention and Mitigation
Primary mitigation Secondary mitigation
Principal Objectives of Mitigation
• Reducing the
presence of the
hazard
• Reducing
vulnerability
⚬ Reducing the
effects of the
Hazard
• Save lives
• Reduce economic disruptor
• Decrease vulnerability/increasing
capacity
• Chance/ level of conflict

18. According to the terminology of UNDRR: disaster risk is defined as
“the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assets
which could occur to a system, society or a community in a specific
period of time, determined probabilistically as a function of
hazard, exposure, and capacity”. In the technical sense, it is
defined through the combination of three terms: hazard, exposure
and vulnerability.
DISASTER RISK

19. For example, when a settlement is established on the shores of a
river, hydrologists can identify and characterize flood hazard by
carrying out a hydraulic analysis. According to the UNDRR
definition, a hazard is characterized by its "location, intensity or
magnitude, frequency and probability”. For example, this can be
defined by the physical structure of a building, as well as by the
social and economic characteristics of a system. Additionally,
hazard vulnerability can be characterized by the capacities of a
society to cope with a hazard.
DISASTER RISK

20. In some countries, such hazard areas outline the geographic
extent of floods that have a 100 year period of possible return. Any
people, assets, infrastructure, and ecosystems located inside the
area are all exposed to potential damage from floods. The degree
of potential damage is then characterized by the area's
vulnerability.
DISASTER RISK
THANK YOU