This document discusses modern CSS architecture patterns. It introduces concepts like OOCSS, SMACSS, and BEM for organizing CSS in a modular, scalable and maintainable way. It provides examples of how to build reusable CSS modules and maintain them through techniques like naming conventions, categorization and decoupling CSS from HTML. The presentation emphasizes goals of building predictable, reusable, maintainable and scalable CSS architecture.

1. モダンなCSS設計パターンを考える
Modern CSS Architecture
Hiroki Tani
HTML5 Conference 2013

2. Hiroki Tani
CyberAgent, Inc.

3. http://frontrend.github.io/
Frontrend in Sapporo
Frontrend in Fukuoka
2013年12月7日
2013年1月

4. Why Architecture ?

5. 



6. 



7. 



8. #news h2 {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
}

9. #news h2 {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#faq .title {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
}

10. #news h2 {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#faq .title {
border-bottom: 1px solid black;
padding: 1em 0.5em;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
}
#service .feature .title {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 0.5em;
font-size: 16px;
}

11. .column_2 #inbox .list { ... }
.column_3 #inbox .list { ... }
.column_3 #inbox .list .name { ... }
.column_3 #inbox .list .name p { ...
.column_3 #inbox .list .name.reply {
.column_3 #inbox .list .name.reply a
body#top .column_3 #inbox .list.left
}
... }
{ ... }
{ ... }

12. !important

16. Goals of Better CSS Architecture
- Predictable
- Reusable
- Maintainable
- Scalable
予測しやすい
再利用しやすい
保守しやすい
拡張しやすい
http://enja.studiomohawk.com/2013/07/06/css-architecture/

17. Modular CSS

18. OOCSS
Nicole Sullivan
https://github.com/stubbornella/oocss/wiki

23. OOCSS
- Separate structure and skin
構造と見た目の分離
- Separate container and content
コンテナとコンテンツの分離

24. Media object

25. <div class="media">
<div class="media-image">
<img src="/img/seminar/15/tani.jpg">
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<p>...</p>
<ul>
<li><a>...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>...</p>
</div>
</div>

26. <div class="media">
<div class="media-image">
<img src="/img/seminar/15/tani.jpg">
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<p>...</p>
<ul>
<li><a>...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>...</p>
</div>
</div>

27. <div class="media">
<div class="media-image">
<img src="/img/seminar/15/tani.jpg">
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<p>...</p>
<ul>
<li><a>...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>...</p>
</div>
</div>

28. .media {
/* Clearfix */
}
.media-image {
float: left;
margin-right: 10px;
}
.media-image img {
>
display: block;
}
.media-body {
overflow: hidden;
}

29. <div class="media skin-a">
<div class="media-image">
<img src="/img/seminar/15/tani.jpg">
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<p>...</p>
<ul>
<li><a>...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>...</p>
</div>
</div>

30. <div class="media skin-b">
<div class="media-image">
<img src="/img/seminar/15/tani.jpg">
</div>
<div class="media-body">
<p>...</p>
<ul>
<li><a>...</a></li>
</ul>
<p>...</p>
</div>
</div>

31. How to build modules ?

32. It depends.

33. Rule of Three
‘Refactoring’
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(computer_programming)

34. 3, 6

35. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ...

36. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 ...

37. 3, 6, 9

38. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ...

40. .fontSize10 {
font-size: 10px
}
.colorRed {
color: red
}

41. <p class="fontSize18 colorRed">
入力内容に誤りがあります。
</p>

42. <p class="box radius10 fontSize18 colorRed">
入力内容に誤りがあります。
</p>

43. .colorRed {
color: red
}

44. .colorRed {
color: orange;
}
⚠

45. .colorRed {
color: orange; /* あとで直す */
}
⚠

46. .fontSize18 {
font-size: 18px
}

47. .fontSize18 {
font-size: 18px
}
@media only screen and (max-width : 320px) {
.fontSize18 {
font-size: 14px
}
}
⚠

48. .radius6 {
border-radius:
}
.radius10 {
border-radius:
}
.radius12 {
border-radius:
}
.radius14 {
border-radius:
}
6px;
10px;
12px;
14px;
⚠

49. How to maintain modules ?

50. SMACSS
Jonathan Snook
http://smacss.com/ja

51. 日本語、あります
SMACSS
Jonathan Snook
http://smacss.com/ja

52. SMACSS
- Categorization
カテゴライズ
- Naming Convention
命名規則
- Decoupling CSS from HTML
HTMLとCSSの分離

53. SMACSS Categories
- Base
- Layout
- State
- Theme
- Module

54. /* # Base */
body, form {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
a {
color: #039;
}
a:hover {
color: #03F;
}

55. /* # Layout */
#header {
width: 960px;
margin: auto;
}
.l-article {
border: solid #CCC;
border-width: 1px 0 0;
}
.l-grid {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
list-style-type: none;
}
.l-grid > li {
display: inline-block;
margin: 0 0 10px 10px;
}

56. /* # State */
.is-hidden {
display: none;
}
.is-error {
font-weight: bold;
color: red;
}
.is-tab-active {
border-bottom-color: transparent;
}

57. /* # Theme */
/* ## Spring Theme CSS */
.theme-header {
background-image: url("/theme/spring/
header.png");
}
.theme-border {
1px solid pink;
}

59. Message-box
http://cdpn.io/hKBkm

60. <div class="msg">
<p>...</p>
</div>
.msg {
display: block;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 1em;
background-color: #efefef;
color: #333333;
}

62. <div class="msg msg-error">
<p>...</p>
</div>
.msg {
...
}
.msg-error {
border: 1px solid #c0392b;
background-color: #fe9282;
}

64. <div class="msg msg-success">
<p>...</p>
</div>
.msg {
...
}
.msg-success {
border: 1px solid #27ae60;
background-color: #99f3c9;
}

66. <div class="msg msg-error">
<h2>...</h2>
<p>...</p>
</div>

67. <div class="msg msg-error">
<h2>...</h2>
<p>...</p>
</div>
.msg h2 {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg p {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}

69. .msg h2 {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg ul,
.msg p {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}

70. .msg h2 {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg ul,
.msg p {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
⚠

71. <div class="msg msg-error">
<h2 class="msg-title">
...
</h2>
<ul class="msg-body">
<li>...</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>

72. .msg-title {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg-body {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}

73. <div class="msg msg-error">
<p class="msg-title">
...
</p>
<ul class="msg-body">
<li>...</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>

75. <div class="msg msg-error">
<h2 class="msg-title">
<i class="msg-title-icon ico ico-label ico-alert"></i>
...
</h2>
<ul class="msg-body">
<li>...</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>

76. .msg-title-icon {
vertical-align: -0.3em;
}
.ico {
display: inline-block;
}
.ico-alert {
background-image: url(...);
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
}
.ico-label {
margin-right: 0.3em;
}

77. %ico {
display: inline-block;
}
%ico-alert {
background-image: url(...);
width: 24px;
height: 24px;
}
%ico-label {
margin-right: 0.3em;
}
.msg-error-icon {
vertical-align: -0.3em;
@extend %ico;
@extend %ico-alert;
@extend %ico-label;
}

79. 

80. .msg-error {
border: 1px solid #c0392b;
background-color: #fe9282;
}

82. 

83. .msg-title {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg-body {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}

84. .msg {
...
}
.msg-error {
border: 1px solid #c0392b;
background-color: #fe9282;
}
.msg-title {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}

85. BEM
Yandex
http://bem.info/

86. BEM stands for ...
- Block
- Element
- Modifier

87. Block

88. Element

89. Modifier

90. .block {
...
}
.block__element {
...
}
.block_modifier {
...
}
.block__element_modifier {
...
}

91. .nav {
...
}
.nav__item {
...
}
.nav_segmented {
...
}
.nav__item_segmented {
...
}

92. .nav {
...
}
.nav__item {
...
}
.nav--segmented {
...
}
.nav__item--segmented {
...
}
http://enja.studiomohawk.com/2012/03/20/about-html-semantics-and-front-end-architecture/

93. .msg {
...
}
.msg--error {
border: 1px solid #c0392b;
background-color: #fe9282;
}

94. .msg__title {
font-size: inherit;
font-weight: bold;
}
.msg__body {
margin-top: 0.6em;
}
.msg__title-icon {
vertical-align: -0.3em;
}

95. MCSS
- Base
- Project
- cosmetic
http://operatino.github.io/MCSS/en/

96. inuit.css
- Base
- Generic
- Objects
http://inuitcss.com/

97. SUIT
- Utilities
- Components
https://github.com/suitcss/suit

99. Front-end Styleguide

100. Starbucks Style Guide
http://www.starbucks.com/static/reference/styleguide/

101. Pattern Primer
http://patternprimer.adactio.com/

102. MailChimp Pattern Library
http://ux.mailchimp.com/patterns/

103. Twitter Bootstrap
http://getbootstrap.com

105. KSS
http://warpspire.com/kss/styleguides/

106. Kalei
http://kaleistyleguide.com/

107. StyleDocco
http://jacobrask.github.io/styledocco/

108. //
// # 見出し
//
// 説明文を書きます。マークダウン形式です。
//
// ```
// <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">
//
``` で囲んだ部分にデモのHTMLを記述します。
// </button>
// ```
.btn {
display: inline-block;
...
&:hover,
&:focus {
color: @btn-default-color;
text-decoration: none;
}
}

109. $ styledocco -n "ProjectName" css/
$ styledocco -n "ProjectName" -o "mydocs"
$ styledocco -n "ProjectName" --preprocessor "lessc" less/

111. Building Pages
🎬⚏
👤 👤


112. Building Pages
🎬⚏
👤 👤

🎬⚏



👤

113. Building Pages
Systems

🎬⚏

🎬⚏
👤 👤


👤

114. Developer vs Designer ?

115. 🎬⚏
👤 👤


116. 🎬⚏
👤 👤




117. 🎬⚏
👤 👤





118. 🎬⚏
👤 👤


 


119. 🎬⚏
👤 👤


 



120. 


🎬⚏
👤 👤
 



121. 



🎬⚏
👤 👤
 



122. Developer with Designer

123. Best Practice

124. Best Practices

125. “
どんなに多くの人が貢献したとしても
どのコードも一人で書いたようにする
All code in any code-base should look like a single person
typed it, even when many people are contributing to it.
”
- Idiomatic CSS
https://github.com/necolas/idiomatic-css

126. “
壊れない完璧な設計を求めるのではなく
壊れたときに勇気をもって修復できる設計を
- Anonymous
”

127. Thanks.
- twitter.com/hiloki
- inkdesign.jp
- html5experts.jp/hiloki/

128. Photo credit
-
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bpotstra/3490333174/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettybroadbent/3704523854/sizes/o/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/drewmaughan/8209503226/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/biodork/6849406792/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/43266097@N03/9444574320/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/90585146@N08/8234225693/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/6778863776/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jezpage/4696962046/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/april-mo/8485249298/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/4st4roth/2366615948/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sharman/4570412801/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kaptainkobold/3771497484/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/laurie_pink/2549598674/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/dansdata/3266946102/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ochre_jelly/6839227477/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/in-duce/2232109985/sizes/o/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pgoyette/5911926699/sizes/z/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/conradoplg/10091603396/sizes/l/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kaptainkobold/4441509147/sizes/l/