New sources of protein will need to be identified as the numbers of people and their pets increases. Development of an in vitro model of canine intestinal epithelial cell function and health will lead to a greater understanding of the affects of proteins from alternative sources. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Methionine requirements for adult dogs were assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Simple breath collection from dogs habituated to using a face mask were used to assess phenylalanine oxidation by tracking C13 isotopes. This is far less invasive than previous techniques. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Cat obesity is a growing problem. This study explored the effects of the macronutrient profile of diet on bodyweight. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Concern is growing about the effects of high calcium diets on dogs. This study showed no adverse health effects of high calcium in dog diets as the animals were capable of excreting the excess.Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Hyperketonemia Treatment at the Individual Cow and Herd LevelDAIReXNET
Dr. Jessica McArt presented this material for a DAIReXNET webinar on January 19, 2016. To see more about this and other webinars, please visit our archived webinar page at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV
Eric Harvey of "Gilgai": A Passion For Solutions (Part 2)Carbon Coalition
Eric Harvey of Geurie, Central Western NSW, has a complete farm management system into which he feeds data and from which he takes advice. An extremely successful grazier, Eric proves the adage that "Knowledge Is Power". This presentation was given at the Carbon farming Expo & Conference in Orange NSW Australia in November 2008.
Methionine requirements for adult dogs were assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Simple breath collection from dogs habituated to using a face mask were used to assess phenylalanine oxidation by tracking C13 isotopes. This is far less invasive than previous techniques. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Cat obesity is a growing problem. This study explored the effects of the macronutrient profile of diet on bodyweight. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Concern is growing about the effects of high calcium diets on dogs. This study showed no adverse health effects of high calcium in dog diets as the animals were capable of excreting the excess.Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago.
Hyperketonemia Treatment at the Individual Cow and Herd LevelDAIReXNET
Dr. Jessica McArt presented this material for a DAIReXNET webinar on January 19, 2016. To see more about this and other webinars, please visit our archived webinar page at http://bit.ly/1wb83YV
Eric Harvey of "Gilgai": A Passion For Solutions (Part 2)Carbon Coalition
Eric Harvey of Geurie, Central Western NSW, has a complete farm management system into which he feeds data and from which he takes advice. An extremely successful grazier, Eric proves the adage that "Knowledge Is Power". This presentation was given at the Carbon farming Expo & Conference in Orange NSW Australia in November 2008.
The health implications of high calcium diets in dogs are not well understood. Metabolic profiling of plasma was undertaken to assess effects. No serious effects were found suggesting that concern about high calcium diets for dogs may be unwarranted. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
Kittens typically gain weight once neutered, leading to a potential risk of early obesity. Early neutering reduced rapid weight gain and could be considered as an intervention to promote to healthy weight regulation. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
Study by Nancy R. Gee (WALTHAM/Cornell), Erika Friedmann & Elizabeth Galik (University of Maryland) showing positive benefits of pet assisted living in older adults with mild to moderate dementia. Presented at Gerontological Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting November 2016.
Traditional energy requirement calculations may not be accurate for small dog breeds, with implications for recommended food intake and early obesity. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, Chicago, October 2016.
Applying new techniques to blood assays in cats has enabled researchers to reduce the amount of blood needed nutrition study sample collection studies by 80%, with concomitant benefits for animal welfare. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
There is growing evidence that therapies involving companion animals may enhance the outcomes of health interventions. Animal assisted interventions can also have positive outcomes for older people, adolescents and other vulnerable populations
Research into the relationship between pets and their owners is a relatively new field, but is yielding valuable insights into how these interactions can be mutually beneficial.
Sample preparation is critical to successfully analyse odorants (odour active volatile organic compounds). However, there is no one perfect sample preparation method for the complete, holistic extraction of odorants. Is it possible to use a representative test mixture of odorants to measure,
compare and predict the ability of different sample preparation methods?
Using data from over 200,000 pets, standardised growth charts for puppies have been developed which can help veterinarians spot abnormal patterns early on and recommend interventions. Early obesity often leads to overweight in adult dogs so the charts can potentially make a contribution to pet obesity reduction.
The core of the system is an integrated chip, the NutriChip, which, as a demonstrator of an artificial and miniaturized gastrointestinal tract, will be able to probe the health potential of dairy food samples, using a minimal biomarker set identified through in vivo and in vitro studies. The project will develop innovative CMOS circuits at the nano-scale for high signal-to-noise ratio optical detection and propose a special microfluidic system closely integrating cell-based materials within the chip.
The NutriChip will be tested for screening and selection of dairy products with specific health-promoting properties, in particular immunomodulatory properties. The CMOS detection chip will be used to image down to single immune cells. For the biochemical validation of the NutriChip platform, the response of the immune cells upon the application of food will be examined by monitoring the Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, key molecules bridging metabolism and immuno-regulation in nutrition.
The health implications of high calcium diets in dogs are not well understood. Metabolic profiling of plasma was undertaken to assess effects. No serious effects were found suggesting that concern about high calcium diets for dogs may be unwarranted. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
Kittens typically gain weight once neutered, leading to a potential risk of early obesity. Early neutering reduced rapid weight gain and could be considered as an intervention to promote to healthy weight regulation. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
Study by Nancy R. Gee (WALTHAM/Cornell), Erika Friedmann & Elizabeth Galik (University of Maryland) showing positive benefits of pet assisted living in older adults with mild to moderate dementia. Presented at Gerontological Society of America Annual Scientific Meeting November 2016.
Traditional energy requirement calculations may not be accurate for small dog breeds, with implications for recommended food intake and early obesity. Presented at the Waltham International Nutrition Science Symposium, Chicago, October 2016.
Applying new techniques to blood assays in cats has enabled researchers to reduce the amount of blood needed nutrition study sample collection studies by 80%, with concomitant benefits for animal welfare. Presented at the Waltham InternationaI Nutrition Science Symposium, October 2016, Chicago
There is growing evidence that therapies involving companion animals may enhance the outcomes of health interventions. Animal assisted interventions can also have positive outcomes for older people, adolescents and other vulnerable populations
Research into the relationship between pets and their owners is a relatively new field, but is yielding valuable insights into how these interactions can be mutually beneficial.
Sample preparation is critical to successfully analyse odorants (odour active volatile organic compounds). However, there is no one perfect sample preparation method for the complete, holistic extraction of odorants. Is it possible to use a representative test mixture of odorants to measure,
compare and predict the ability of different sample preparation methods?
Using data from over 200,000 pets, standardised growth charts for puppies have been developed which can help veterinarians spot abnormal patterns early on and recommend interventions. Early obesity often leads to overweight in adult dogs so the charts can potentially make a contribution to pet obesity reduction.
The core of the system is an integrated chip, the NutriChip, which, as a demonstrator of an artificial and miniaturized gastrointestinal tract, will be able to probe the health potential of dairy food samples, using a minimal biomarker set identified through in vivo and in vitro studies. The project will develop innovative CMOS circuits at the nano-scale for high signal-to-noise ratio optical detection and propose a special microfluidic system closely integrating cell-based materials within the chip.
The NutriChip will be tested for screening and selection of dairy products with specific health-promoting properties, in particular immunomodulatory properties. The CMOS detection chip will be used to image down to single immune cells. For the biochemical validation of the NutriChip platform, the response of the immune cells upon the application of food will be examined by monitoring the Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, key molecules bridging metabolism and immuno-regulation in nutrition.
Quantitative Analysis of Transporter Protein using TripleTOF® 6600 SystemSCIEX
Transport plays an important role in the absorption, distribution, and elimination of a variety of drugs.
In recent years, a large number of transporters, both efflux (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family) and influx (solute carrier (SLC) family members) have been identified and well characterized in vitro.
However, the abundance of these transporters in the hepatocyte and cell lines as well as in the tissues such as intestine, liver, and kidney has not been accurately quantitated due to technical challenges.
This work aims to build a robust liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) workflow on the SCIEX TripleTOF® 6600 platform to enable the quantitation of a variety of SLC and ABC drug transporters expressed in the hepatocyte and cell line plasma membranes.
Exploring the Versatility of Micro-flow Technology – From Peptide Biomarkers ...Waters Corporation
Presenter: Corey D. Broeckling, Ph.D., Associate Director, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Joint Assistant Professor, Colorado State University
Microfluidic technology offers multiple advantages including ease of use, robustness and sensitivity. Coupled with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (such as the Xevo TQ-S) we can create an optimal and versatile “middle ground” platform in which these advantages can be exploited for both small molecule and peptide quantitative applications. For example, most small molecule applications are performed using standard flow chromatography (in the range of 600-100 L/min) consuming a high level of both solvent and sample which increases the cost (both fiscally and environmentally). The use of microfluidic technology for these small molecule applications can reduce solvent consumption by upwards of 150-fold and can significantly increase on-column sensitivity, thus reducing sample consumption. Conversely, quantitative peptide assays are almost exclusively performed using nanoscale chromatography (~400 nL/min) to achieve the required sensitivity for detection of these low abundance molecules within a complex matrix (e.g. serum, urine, etc.). We have found that the use of microfluidic technology for peptide quantitation yields the same or better sensitivity when compared to a nanoscale platform and has the additional, very significant advantages of ease of use, robustness, and improved chromatographic resolution (e.g. peak capacity). Thus, with a single analytical platform we can perform quantitative analysis for a wide range of compounds spanning from lipids/metabolites to peptides. One application in which the technology has struggled is the analysis of compounds in negative ionization mode. This limitation has been overcome in the development of a next generation microfluidic device that incorporates post-column addition of isopropanol to improve ionization and spray stability in negative mode applications. With this new capability we can now perform quantitative experiments in negative mode or with polarity switching.
This presentation was given at the 11th International Conference of the Metabolomics Society (Metabolomics 2015, #metsoc2015 on Twitter), June 29, 2015, in San Francisco.
Certara's Trevor Johnson gave this presentation, "PBPK in Pediatric Drug Development: Developing the Models, Refining the System Parameters" at the 2014 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists meeting.
Dr. Sascha Ott (University of Warwick) - Data-driven systems medicinemntbs1
The summary of Dr. Sascha Ott's presentation from the Jun 11-12th 2019 event Data-driven systems medicine at Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre.
Pet obesity is a rapidly growing problem. The behaviour of owners towards their pets is a major factor. Four pet owner types are identified with advise on how veterinarians can work with each to manage food intake in cats and dogs.
Latest pet nutrition research from Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition regarding the impact of reducing the dietary intake of the amino acid, methionine, on the taurine status in dogs.
This work was first presented by Dr Matt Harrison at the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition (ESVCN) Congress in Cirencester, 2017.
Latest pet nutrition research from Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition on the energy requirements of kittens after they have been neutered.
This work was first presented by Dr Sophie Bradley at the European Society of Veterinary and Comparative Nutrition (ESVCN) Congress in Cirencester, 2017.
Study shows a fundamental comparison of two method types, known as the Tetrad and Triangle Tests. Both test are used to determine if human assessors can identify perceptual differences between a pair of samples. Although the Tetrad Test is stated as being more powerful in the literature, we found little difference between both methods when a small panel of 24-30 human assessors was used.
Poster presented at Institute of Food Science & Technology (IFST) Sensory Conference 2017 in Nottingham.
Information on how to care for your pet & the benefits of pet ownership can bring to you, your pet & your community.
Presented by Dr Sandra McCune from WALTHAM in support of Melton Mowbray's Pet Friendly Town initiative.
Presentation given by Dr Corrin Wallis at the European Veterinary Dental Forum (EVDF) in 2017 (Malaga, Spain). Slides cover WALTHAM research in dental plaque for both cats and dogs across a variety of studies.
Introduction to how industry, both for human food and pet food, approach flavour analysis. Presentation given at University of Nottingham by Lewis Jones, Senior Research Scientist at WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition (part of Mars Inc)
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.