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Modeling of Song Pattern Similarity
using Coefficient of Variance
Presented by
Gobinda Karmakar
Faculty Advisor: Prof. Sudipta Chakrabarty
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 1
This paper proposes a system that identifies the raga and raga cycle automatically from
particular song music has been proposed. The music origin or raga forms are the main
theme of Indian music and it is the sequence of several notes structures into a
composition in a way, which is pleasant to listening. The two song pattern similarity
identification is achieved by identifying the notes and their fundamental frequencies of
each notes of that particular song and then finds out the coefficient of variance of that
song. To establish the work consider some songs as the test data and find out the Raga
pattern similarities among them. If the coefficient of variance is between 0 and 1, it
indicates the two songs are from the same raga cycle and almost alike, otherwise they are
from two different raga cycles and their patterns are different. The primary aim behind
this paper is that it can be used as a good basis for the song pattern similarity matching
concept is the field of Musical Pattern Recognition. The focus of this study is to explore the
efficiency of Statistical Method to search for an optimum combination of frequencies of
different note structures of different songs to find the similarities in the field of Speech
processing in Quality Music Metric.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 2
Abstract
Indian Classical Music (ICM)
Carnatic Classical Music (CCM)
Raga
Parent ragas (Melakarta Raga)
Raga Cycles (Chakras)
1. Moon Cycle (Indu)
2. Eyes Cycle (Netra)
3. Fire Cycle (Agni)
4. Scripture Cycle (Veda)
5. Arrow Cycle (Bana)
6. Seasons Cycle (Ritu)
7. Sages Cycle (Risi)
8. Elemental Gods Cycle (Vasu)
9. Universe Cycle (Brahma)
10. Directions Cycle (Disi)
11. Lord Shiva Cycle (Rudra)
12. Sun God Cycle (Aditya)
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 3
Introduction
The workflows of the proposed work are given below:
Step 1: Take a song
Step 2: Run the song through Wave Surfer software which is used in this
experiment to get the pitch value of that song. Firstly “.wav” file is used to
create the pitch file of the song. This will give all the pitches that are used
in the song and the pitch data are saved in the “.f0” format. It consists of
huge number of frequencies of monotonic song and we convert this “.f0”
into “.txt” format.
Step 3: Accepted only those frequency values within 50 to 500.
Step 4: Then the number of occurrences has been calculated of each
frequency ranging from 50 to 500.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 4
Proposed Work
Step 5: Fix twelve frequencies which have highest occurrence respectively
from the list of frequencies of the .fo file
Step 6: Calculate total frequency by the following formula-
Total frequency = Frequency x Occurrence
Step 7: Calculate Mean =
Here, N=12
Step 8: Calculate Frequency Distance = Total Frequency – Mean
Step 9: Calculate Variance =
Step 10: Calculate Standard Deviation =
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 5
Proposed Work
Step 11: Calculate Coefficient of Variance (CV) =
Step 12: Repeat steps 2 to 12 for the second song.
Step 13: Calculate the difference of the CV (Coefficient of variation) of both
the songs.
Step 14: If (CV Difference > 0 && CV Difference <1)
Printf (“Both songs lie in same song origin and Raga cycle and the
given two songs are alike at a certain limit”)
Else
Printf (“Both songs lie in different song origin or Raga cycle and
the given two songs are not alike at a certain limit”)
Step 15: Exit.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 6
Proposed Work
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 7
Overall Workflows of the Proposed Work
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 8
Result Set Analysis
Note Frequency Mean Distance from Mean Distance2 Variance Standard
Deviation
Coefficient
of Variance
First 262
239.66667
22.33333333 498.7777778
788.8888889 28.0872 11.7193
Second 265 25.33333333 641.7777778
Third 220 -19.66666667 386.7777778
Fourth 259 19.33333333 373.7777778
Fifth 247 7.333333333 53.77777778
Sixth 222 -17.66666667 312.1111111
Seventh 196 -43.66666667 1906.777778
Eighth 198 -41.66666667 1736.111111
Ninth 250 10.33333333 106.7777778
Tenth 294 54.33333333 2952.111111
Eleventh 218 -21.66666667 469.4444444
Twelveth 245 5.333333333 28.44444444
TABLE I
Coefficient of Variance of Song 1 of song origin or raga Kanakaangi
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 9
Result Set Analysis
TABLE 2
Coefficient of Variance of Song 2 of song origin or raga Navaneetham
Note Frequency Mean Distance from Mean Distance2 Variance Standard
Deviation
Coefficient
of Variance
First 208
226.916667
-18.916667 357.840278
1731.734 41.614 18.339
Second 220 -6.9166667 47.8402778
Third 186 -40.916667 1674.17361
Fourth 195 -31.916667 1018.67361
Fifth 206 -20.916667 437.506944
Sixth 286 59.083333 3490.84028
Seventh 279 52.083333 2712.67361
Eighth 193 -33.916667 1150.34028
Ninth 190 -36.916667 1362.84028
Tenth 282 55.083333 3034.17361
Eleventh 290 63.083333 3979.50694
Twelveth 188 -38.916667 1514.50694
Difference of Coefficient of Variance = 18.339 – 11.7193 = 6.6197
Since the difference of coefficient of variance of the two song pair does
not lie between 0 and 1, therefore, both the songs are not alike and the
song pattern is different of the given two songs.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 10
Result Set Analysis
Statistical methods have been used in a number of theoretical and
practical applications in the computer modeling and retrieval of music.
Coefficient of variance is a very useful tool to achieve to measure the
variability of a series of data and it is expressed as a percentage.
In this paper we have presented how similarity between notes structures
of two or more song compositions.
The primary importance of this study is to establish that the two ragas
are almost alike in the same raga cycle and there are some differences
occur in the ragas of two different raga cycles in some music parameters
like, aesthetics, moods, motifs, rhythm, tempo etc.
This contribution focuses that compositions with ragas of one raga cycle
have similar impact on music listeners in the field of Speech Processing.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 11
Conclusion
Apply this concept to measure the similarity in all the derived song
origins (Raga) in future.
To built different Music Recommendation Systems based on time,
season, genre, human behaviors, human moods etc. in future
In the field of Music Classification and Music Clustering.
Applying this concept in the field of Music therapy.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 12
Future Scope
Authors are grateful to the Department of Master of Computer Application
(MCA), Techno India, Salt Lake for doing the work and using the
infrastructures of the college and under which this article has been
completed. With great pleasure we mention the name of Prof. Sudipta
Chakrabarty for his remarkable guidance and encouragement. We also
intend to extend our heart-felt gratitude and special thanks to all the faculty
members of our department in our college. We also extend our thanks to
our Team Members for their co-operation during the work.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 13
Acknowledgment
1. Debashis De, Samarjit Roy, “Polymorphism in Indian Classical Music: A Pattern Recognition
Approach”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent
Systems (CODIS), IEEE, 2012, pp. 612-615.
2. Debashis De, Samarjit Roy, “Inheritance in Indian Classical Music: An Object-Oriented Analysis and
Pattern Recognition Approach”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Radar, Communication
and Computing (ICRCC), IEEE, 2012, pp. 193-198.
3. Sayanti Chakraborty, Debashis De, “Object Oriented Classification and Pattern Recognition of Indian
Classical Ragas”, In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in
Information Technology (RAIT), IEEE, 2012.
4. Sayanti Chakraborty, Debashis De, “Pattern Classification of Indian Classical Ragas based on Object
Oriented Concepts”, In Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Computer
5. Samarjit Roy, Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, "A Framework of Musical Pattern Recognition Using
Petri Nets." Emerging Trends in Computing and Communication. Springer India, 2014. 245-252.
6. Samarjit Roy, Sudipta Chakrabarty, Pradipta Bhakta, Debashis De, “Modelling High Performing Music
Computing using Petri Nets,” Accepted In: International Conference on Control, Instrumentation,
Energy and Communication (CIEC 2014), IEEE.
7. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, “Quality Measure Model of Music Rhythm using Genetic
Algorithm”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing
(ICRCC), IEEE, 2012, pp. 125-130.
8. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Samarjit Roy, Debashis De, "Pervasive Diary in Music Rhythm Education: A
Context-Aware Learning Tool Using Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Computing, Networking and
Informatics-Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2014. 669-677.
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 14
References
9. M. Bhattacharyya, D. De, “An Approach to identify Thhat of Indian Classical Music”, In Proceedings of
International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS), IEEE, 2012,
pp. 592-595.
10. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Samarjit Roy, Debashis De, “Automatic Raga Recognition using Fundamental
Frequency Range of Extracted Musical Notes”, In Proceedings of the Eight International
MultiConference on Image and Signal Processing (ICISP 2014), Elsevier, 2013.
11. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, Payel Gupta, “ Behavioural Modelling of Ragas of Indian Classical
Music using Unified Modelling Language”, In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
Perception and Machine Intelligence (PerMIn '15), ACM Digital Library, 2015, pp. 151-160.
12. A. K. Datta, R. Sengupta, N. Dey, Dipali Nag and A. Mukherjee.: A Methodology of Note Extraction
from the song signals, Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, Volume 20 (1), pp.157-177, (2010).
13. Parag Chordia, Avinash Sastry and Aaron Albin.: Evaluating Multiple Viewpoint Models of Tabla
Sequences, In the Proceedings of 3rd International workshop on Machine learning and music, ACM,
pp. 21-24, (2010).
14. Rajeswari Sridhar and Manasa Subramanian.: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model for Raga Identification
of Caenatic Music, Journal of Computer Science, pp. 1711-1716, (2011).
15. B Rao Tarakeswara and Prasad Reddy.: A Novel Process for Melakartha Raaga Recognition using
Hidden Marcov Models(HMM), International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science,
vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 508-513, (2011).
16. Prasad Reddy, B. Rao Tarakeswara, K. R. Sudha and Hari CH. V. M. K..: K-Nearest Neighbour and
Earth Mover Distance for Raaga Recognition, International Journal of Computer Application, Vol. 33,
No. 5, pp. 30-38, (2011).
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 15
References
18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 16
Thank You
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Modeling of Song Pattern Similarity using Coefficient of Variance

  • 1. Modeling of Song Pattern Similarity using Coefficient of Variance Presented by Gobinda Karmakar Faculty Advisor: Prof. Sudipta Chakrabarty 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 1
  • 2. This paper proposes a system that identifies the raga and raga cycle automatically from particular song music has been proposed. The music origin or raga forms are the main theme of Indian music and it is the sequence of several notes structures into a composition in a way, which is pleasant to listening. The two song pattern similarity identification is achieved by identifying the notes and their fundamental frequencies of each notes of that particular song and then finds out the coefficient of variance of that song. To establish the work consider some songs as the test data and find out the Raga pattern similarities among them. If the coefficient of variance is between 0 and 1, it indicates the two songs are from the same raga cycle and almost alike, otherwise they are from two different raga cycles and their patterns are different. The primary aim behind this paper is that it can be used as a good basis for the song pattern similarity matching concept is the field of Musical Pattern Recognition. The focus of this study is to explore the efficiency of Statistical Method to search for an optimum combination of frequencies of different note structures of different songs to find the similarities in the field of Speech processing in Quality Music Metric. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 2 Abstract
  • 3. Indian Classical Music (ICM) Carnatic Classical Music (CCM) Raga Parent ragas (Melakarta Raga) Raga Cycles (Chakras) 1. Moon Cycle (Indu) 2. Eyes Cycle (Netra) 3. Fire Cycle (Agni) 4. Scripture Cycle (Veda) 5. Arrow Cycle (Bana) 6. Seasons Cycle (Ritu) 7. Sages Cycle (Risi) 8. Elemental Gods Cycle (Vasu) 9. Universe Cycle (Brahma) 10. Directions Cycle (Disi) 11. Lord Shiva Cycle (Rudra) 12. Sun God Cycle (Aditya) 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 3 Introduction
  • 4. The workflows of the proposed work are given below: Step 1: Take a song Step 2: Run the song through Wave Surfer software which is used in this experiment to get the pitch value of that song. Firstly “.wav” file is used to create the pitch file of the song. This will give all the pitches that are used in the song and the pitch data are saved in the “.f0” format. It consists of huge number of frequencies of monotonic song and we convert this “.f0” into “.txt” format. Step 3: Accepted only those frequency values within 50 to 500. Step 4: Then the number of occurrences has been calculated of each frequency ranging from 50 to 500. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 4 Proposed Work
  • 5. Step 5: Fix twelve frequencies which have highest occurrence respectively from the list of frequencies of the .fo file Step 6: Calculate total frequency by the following formula- Total frequency = Frequency x Occurrence Step 7: Calculate Mean = Here, N=12 Step 8: Calculate Frequency Distance = Total Frequency – Mean Step 9: Calculate Variance = Step 10: Calculate Standard Deviation = 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 5 Proposed Work
  • 6. Step 11: Calculate Coefficient of Variance (CV) = Step 12: Repeat steps 2 to 12 for the second song. Step 13: Calculate the difference of the CV (Coefficient of variation) of both the songs. Step 14: If (CV Difference > 0 && CV Difference <1) Printf (“Both songs lie in same song origin and Raga cycle and the given two songs are alike at a certain limit”) Else Printf (“Both songs lie in different song origin or Raga cycle and the given two songs are not alike at a certain limit”) Step 15: Exit. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 6 Proposed Work
  • 7. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 7 Overall Workflows of the Proposed Work
  • 8. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 8 Result Set Analysis Note Frequency Mean Distance from Mean Distance2 Variance Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variance First 262 239.66667 22.33333333 498.7777778 788.8888889 28.0872 11.7193 Second 265 25.33333333 641.7777778 Third 220 -19.66666667 386.7777778 Fourth 259 19.33333333 373.7777778 Fifth 247 7.333333333 53.77777778 Sixth 222 -17.66666667 312.1111111 Seventh 196 -43.66666667 1906.777778 Eighth 198 -41.66666667 1736.111111 Ninth 250 10.33333333 106.7777778 Tenth 294 54.33333333 2952.111111 Eleventh 218 -21.66666667 469.4444444 Twelveth 245 5.333333333 28.44444444 TABLE I Coefficient of Variance of Song 1 of song origin or raga Kanakaangi
  • 9. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 9 Result Set Analysis TABLE 2 Coefficient of Variance of Song 2 of song origin or raga Navaneetham Note Frequency Mean Distance from Mean Distance2 Variance Standard Deviation Coefficient of Variance First 208 226.916667 -18.916667 357.840278 1731.734 41.614 18.339 Second 220 -6.9166667 47.8402778 Third 186 -40.916667 1674.17361 Fourth 195 -31.916667 1018.67361 Fifth 206 -20.916667 437.506944 Sixth 286 59.083333 3490.84028 Seventh 279 52.083333 2712.67361 Eighth 193 -33.916667 1150.34028 Ninth 190 -36.916667 1362.84028 Tenth 282 55.083333 3034.17361 Eleventh 290 63.083333 3979.50694 Twelveth 188 -38.916667 1514.50694
  • 10. Difference of Coefficient of Variance = 18.339 – 11.7193 = 6.6197 Since the difference of coefficient of variance of the two song pair does not lie between 0 and 1, therefore, both the songs are not alike and the song pattern is different of the given two songs. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 10 Result Set Analysis
  • 11. Statistical methods have been used in a number of theoretical and practical applications in the computer modeling and retrieval of music. Coefficient of variance is a very useful tool to achieve to measure the variability of a series of data and it is expressed as a percentage. In this paper we have presented how similarity between notes structures of two or more song compositions. The primary importance of this study is to establish that the two ragas are almost alike in the same raga cycle and there are some differences occur in the ragas of two different raga cycles in some music parameters like, aesthetics, moods, motifs, rhythm, tempo etc. This contribution focuses that compositions with ragas of one raga cycle have similar impact on music listeners in the field of Speech Processing. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 11 Conclusion
  • 12. Apply this concept to measure the similarity in all the derived song origins (Raga) in future. To built different Music Recommendation Systems based on time, season, genre, human behaviors, human moods etc. in future In the field of Music Classification and Music Clustering. Applying this concept in the field of Music therapy. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 12 Future Scope
  • 13. Authors are grateful to the Department of Master of Computer Application (MCA), Techno India, Salt Lake for doing the work and using the infrastructures of the college and under which this article has been completed. With great pleasure we mention the name of Prof. Sudipta Chakrabarty for his remarkable guidance and encouragement. We also intend to extend our heart-felt gratitude and special thanks to all the faculty members of our department in our college. We also extend our thanks to our Team Members for their co-operation during the work. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 13 Acknowledgment
  • 14. 1. Debashis De, Samarjit Roy, “Polymorphism in Indian Classical Music: A Pattern Recognition Approach”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS), IEEE, 2012, pp. 612-615. 2. Debashis De, Samarjit Roy, “Inheritance in Indian Classical Music: An Object-Oriented Analysis and Pattern Recognition Approach”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing (ICRCC), IEEE, 2012, pp. 193-198. 3. Sayanti Chakraborty, Debashis De, “Object Oriented Classification and Pattern Recognition of Indian Classical Ragas”, In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in Information Technology (RAIT), IEEE, 2012. 4. Sayanti Chakraborty, Debashis De, “Pattern Classification of Indian Classical Ragas based on Object Oriented Concepts”, In Proceedings of the International Journal of Advanced Computer 5. Samarjit Roy, Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, "A Framework of Musical Pattern Recognition Using Petri Nets." Emerging Trends in Computing and Communication. Springer India, 2014. 245-252. 6. Samarjit Roy, Sudipta Chakrabarty, Pradipta Bhakta, Debashis De, “Modelling High Performing Music Computing using Petri Nets,” Accepted In: International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication (CIEC 2014), IEEE. 7. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, “Quality Measure Model of Music Rhythm using Genetic Algorithm”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing (ICRCC), IEEE, 2012, pp. 125-130. 8. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Samarjit Roy, Debashis De, "Pervasive Diary in Music Rhythm Education: A Context-Aware Learning Tool Using Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Computing, Networking and Informatics-Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2014. 669-677. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 14 References
  • 15. 9. M. Bhattacharyya, D. De, “An Approach to identify Thhat of Indian Classical Music”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems (CODIS), IEEE, 2012, pp. 592-595. 10. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Samarjit Roy, Debashis De, “Automatic Raga Recognition using Fundamental Frequency Range of Extracted Musical Notes”, In Proceedings of the Eight International MultiConference on Image and Signal Processing (ICISP 2014), Elsevier, 2013. 11. Sudipta Chakrabarty, Debashis De, Payel Gupta, “ Behavioural Modelling of Ragas of Indian Classical Music using Unified Modelling Language”, In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Perception and Machine Intelligence (PerMIn '15), ACM Digital Library, 2015, pp. 151-160. 12. A. K. Datta, R. Sengupta, N. Dey, Dipali Nag and A. Mukherjee.: A Methodology of Note Extraction from the song signals, Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research, Volume 20 (1), pp.157-177, (2010). 13. Parag Chordia, Avinash Sastry and Aaron Albin.: Evaluating Multiple Viewpoint Models of Tabla Sequences, In the Proceedings of 3rd International workshop on Machine learning and music, ACM, pp. 21-24, (2010). 14. Rajeswari Sridhar and Manasa Subramanian.: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model for Raga Identification of Caenatic Music, Journal of Computer Science, pp. 1711-1716, (2011). 15. B Rao Tarakeswara and Prasad Reddy.: A Novel Process for Melakartha Raaga Recognition using Hidden Marcov Models(HMM), International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 508-513, (2011). 16. Prasad Reddy, B. Rao Tarakeswara, K. R. Sudha and Hari CH. V. M. K..: K-Nearest Neighbour and Earth Mover Distance for Raaga Recognition, International Journal of Computer Application, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 30-38, (2011). 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 15 References
  • 16. 18th February 2017 Techno India Salt Lake 16 Thank You ??