With non availability of the required equipment, teaching engineering drawing to a class of over 1000 students and retaining their interests and attention from the beginning to the end of a lecture period was of big concern to the engineering drawing courses lecturers in the Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. This work is aimed at designing and developing animated Microsoft Office PowerPoint teaching applications named 2 D Computer Aided Drafting Applications 2 D CADA that eliminate this problem. This paper presents a sample of the Applications which demonstrates clearly to the audience’s pleasure how to mount, set and hold a drawing sheet on a drawing board before actual drawing commences. It also shows how to manually draw boarder lines on the drawing sheet. Similar programs can be written and used to show to engineering students how to manually draw most of the figures specified in their schools curricula using engineering drawing instruments. Many of this Application have been written on various topics in engineering drawing in line with the global trend of drudgery reduction in man machine systems. These Applications are already being deployed in teaching engineering drawing in the Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The benefits of employing 2 D CADA in teaching and learning engineering drawing are overwhelming. 2D CADA relieves a teacher the mental and physical stresses that go with manual production of drawings on a chalk board. It drastically improved the attention, interest and understanding of students during drawing lessons. A well written 2D CADA can be replicated and deployed to a personal computer for self study plans as well as to group based students’ workstations for group teaching. Chukwumuanya Emmanuel Okechukwu | Abonyi Sylvester Emeka | Amaefule Desmond Okechukwu "Modeling of 2-D Computer Aided Drafting Application for Teaching and Learning Engineering Drawing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55150.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/55150/modeling-of-2d-computer-aided-drafting-application-for-teaching-and-learning-engineering-drawing/chukwumuanya-emmanuel-okechukwu
Comprender lo que es un proyecto educativo implica identificar un problema, sus causas y consecuencias y a partir de ello planear un proceso para alcanzar el objetivo que lo solucione total o parcialmente. Este proceso implica desde la selección del problema, su tratamiento y la presentación del informe de resultados: concepción, planeamiento, formulación de acciones, implementación y evaluación. El aprendizaje colaborativo es la instancia de aprendizaje que se concreta mediante la participación de dos o más individuos en la búsqueda de información, o en la exploración tendiente a lograr una mejor comprensión o entendimiento compartido de un concepto, problema o situación. (scagnoli, 2005). Es así que en la materia de Electricidad y Electrónica Industrial que se imparte en la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial se ha utilizado todo lo referente al ámbito del aprendizaje colaborativo, para que todos los alumnos del grupo elaboraran el libro de texto del módulo, cumpliendo con el programa oficial de la carrera aprobado por el Tecnológico Nacional de México. En este orden de ideas, leidner y jarvenpaa (1995), señalan que el aprendizaje colaborativo, además de ayudar a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes, también contribuye a mejorar las relaciones interpersonales, pues implica que cada uno de los miembros aprenda a escuchar, discernir y comunicar sus ideas u opiniones a los otros con un enfoque positivo y constructivista. Por otra parte, barab, thomas y merrill (2001), se refieren al aprendizaje colaborativo, como la construcción de significado que resulta de compartir experiencias personales. Estos autores insisten que los entornos virtuales ayudan a los modelos educativos a ser más participativos, y amplían las oportunidades de investigación, comunicación y distribución del conocimiento.
The Department of Computer Science & Engineering. Releases its first ever e-Magazine, "readme.txt" Consisting the activities and events conducted from January 2020 to June 2020.Initiation by the Dr. E.Syed Mohammed Prof & Head, Faculty Members of department of Computer Science & Engineering.
Build conversational agents and chatbots using natural language
processing techniques to provide automated assistance to users.
Recommendation engines: Develop recommendation systems that analyze user
preferences and behavior to provide personalized product or content
recommendations.
Predictive maintenance: Use sensor data from industrial equipment to predict
failures and schedule maintenance, reducing downtime.
Sentiment analysis: Analyze text data such as customer reviews and social media
posts to understand public sentiment towards brands, products, or issues.
Fraud detection: Build predictive models using transaction data to identify
fraudulent activities like credit card fraud, insurance fraud, etc. in real-time.
Market segmentation: Group customers into meaningful segments based on their
characteristics and
Review on “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Educat...ijtsrd
"Though this is an era of Information Technology, teachers have to do lots of paper work, always keeping number of copies of documents in both hard copies as well as soft copies. Though when the need arises there is always new searching and preparation of documents. Though teachers are bound to deal with academic diaries or course files filling application for leave, examination related duty, going through the time table etc. Now day’s android applications are widely used in every field. The organizations that have websites, desktop applications are also prefer to easiness in functioning of various business activities. With Android applications, teachers can do various functions viz leave management, workload adjustments, and store and view results, keep FDP workshop records, will also have smooth functioning of daily work, store important documents, communicate within staff and also follows organizational work structure. This paper focuses on the use of Android Application for teaches in order to fulfill the expectations of institutions like UGC, NAAC etc., about making use of ICT in teaching learning process, making academic details available in electronic form. Mr Chavan Vishvajit V | Dr. Kulkarni R. V ""Review on: “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Educationâ€"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23102.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/23102/review-on-“android-application-for-faculties-of--higher-and-technical-educationâ€/mr-chavan-vishvajit-v"
The document provides information on the K to 12 Creative Technologies Curriculum Guide for junior high school students in the Philippines. It outlines the conceptual framework, key stage standards, grade level standards, and sample lessons for the subject. The curriculum aims to develop students' technological proficiency through a project-based approach involving theoretical learning and hands-on laboratory work developing ideas and projects in different fields. It is designed to equip students with skills for lifelong learning and entrepreneurship.
The document discusses the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Bharath Institute of Science and Technology. It provides information on the department's vision, mission, programs offered, faculty achievements and awards, student achievements, placements, MOUs with industries, and NBA accreditation process. The department aims to provide quality education and hands-on training to help students secure jobs in premier IT companies or pursue higher education and research. It has strong industry collaborations and many faculty with doctorates guiding research.
Comprender lo que es un proyecto educativo implica identificar un problema, sus causas y consecuencias y a partir de ello planear un proceso para alcanzar el objetivo que lo solucione total o parcialmente. Este proceso implica desde la selección del problema, su tratamiento y la presentación del informe de resultados: concepción, planeamiento, formulación de acciones, implementación y evaluación. El aprendizaje colaborativo es la instancia de aprendizaje que se concreta mediante la participación de dos o más individuos en la búsqueda de información, o en la exploración tendiente a lograr una mejor comprensión o entendimiento compartido de un concepto, problema o situación. (scagnoli, 2005). Es así que en la materia de Electricidad y Electrónica Industrial que se imparte en la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial se ha utilizado todo lo referente al ámbito del aprendizaje colaborativo, para que todos los alumnos del grupo elaboraran el libro de texto del módulo, cumpliendo con el programa oficial de la carrera aprobado por el Tecnológico Nacional de México. En este orden de ideas, leidner y jarvenpaa (1995), señalan que el aprendizaje colaborativo, además de ayudar a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes, también contribuye a mejorar las relaciones interpersonales, pues implica que cada uno de los miembros aprenda a escuchar, discernir y comunicar sus ideas u opiniones a los otros con un enfoque positivo y constructivista. Por otra parte, barab, thomas y merrill (2001), se refieren al aprendizaje colaborativo, como la construcción de significado que resulta de compartir experiencias personales. Estos autores insisten que los entornos virtuales ayudan a los modelos educativos a ser más participativos, y amplían las oportunidades de investigación, comunicación y distribución del conocimiento.
The Department of Computer Science & Engineering. Releases its first ever e-Magazine, "readme.txt" Consisting the activities and events conducted from January 2020 to June 2020.Initiation by the Dr. E.Syed Mohammed Prof & Head, Faculty Members of department of Computer Science & Engineering.
Build conversational agents and chatbots using natural language
processing techniques to provide automated assistance to users.
Recommendation engines: Develop recommendation systems that analyze user
preferences and behavior to provide personalized product or content
recommendations.
Predictive maintenance: Use sensor data from industrial equipment to predict
failures and schedule maintenance, reducing downtime.
Sentiment analysis: Analyze text data such as customer reviews and social media
posts to understand public sentiment towards brands, products, or issues.
Fraud detection: Build predictive models using transaction data to identify
fraudulent activities like credit card fraud, insurance fraud, etc. in real-time.
Market segmentation: Group customers into meaningful segments based on their
characteristics and
Review on “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Educat...ijtsrd
"Though this is an era of Information Technology, teachers have to do lots of paper work, always keeping number of copies of documents in both hard copies as well as soft copies. Though when the need arises there is always new searching and preparation of documents. Though teachers are bound to deal with academic diaries or course files filling application for leave, examination related duty, going through the time table etc. Now day’s android applications are widely used in every field. The organizations that have websites, desktop applications are also prefer to easiness in functioning of various business activities. With Android applications, teachers can do various functions viz leave management, workload adjustments, and store and view results, keep FDP workshop records, will also have smooth functioning of daily work, store important documents, communicate within staff and also follows organizational work structure. This paper focuses on the use of Android Application for teaches in order to fulfill the expectations of institutions like UGC, NAAC etc., about making use of ICT in teaching learning process, making academic details available in electronic form. Mr Chavan Vishvajit V | Dr. Kulkarni R. V ""Review on: “Android Application for Faculties of Higher and Technical Educationâ€"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | Fostering Innovation, Integration and Inclusion Through Interdisciplinary Practices in Management , March 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23102.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/23102/review-on-“android-application-for-faculties-of--higher-and-technical-educationâ€/mr-chavan-vishvajit-v"
The document provides information on the K to 12 Creative Technologies Curriculum Guide for junior high school students in the Philippines. It outlines the conceptual framework, key stage standards, grade level standards, and sample lessons for the subject. The curriculum aims to develop students' technological proficiency through a project-based approach involving theoretical learning and hands-on laboratory work developing ideas and projects in different fields. It is designed to equip students with skills for lifelong learning and entrepreneurship.
The document discusses the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Bharath Institute of Science and Technology. It provides information on the department's vision, mission, programs offered, faculty achievements and awards, student achievements, placements, MOUs with industries, and NBA accreditation process. The department aims to provide quality education and hands-on training to help students secure jobs in premier IT companies or pursue higher education and research. It has strong industry collaborations and many faculty with doctorates guiding research.
Approaches To Teaching Product Design To Engineering StudentsBryce Nelson
This document discusses approaches to teaching product design to engineering students. It provides context on the differences between engineering design and industrial design education. Engineering design focuses more on science and technology, while industrial design incorporates art and humanities. The author proposes a hybrid curriculum combining aspects of both. The document also describes the author's experience teaching a product design module to 4th year engineering students. It was the first time the course was taught and concluded with a discussion on teaching industrial design concepts to engineering students. Key aspects included when in the curriculum it should be introduced and using a studio-based learning approach.
To solve the mathematical equations and finite element analysis with computational methods like MATLAB and Finite element software using software like ANSYS, ABAQUS etc
In industrial design education, mechanics-based courses are mainly based on traditional lecture and they are highly abstract for ID students to comprehend the mechanisms The existing studies highlight the requirement of a new approach for mechanics-based courses in ID departments The study presents, a combined teaching model of mechanism mainly based on applied teaching style and action learning to improve ID students' learning experience and competencies through promoting the transference of theoretical knowledge into practical experience and learning The combined teaching model consisting of 3 phases was integrated to a design studio project that is mechanical game design Project observations and post-questionnaire were employed to analyze objectively the appropriateness of the teaching model The results indicated that, the combined teaching model improved ID students' learning outcomes and competencies in terms of transferring the gained theoretical and practical knowledge to the action learning.
This document outlines the course structure and syllabus for a Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering program at Aditya Institute of Technology and Management. It includes information on the program educational objectives, outcomes, course credits, evaluation methodology, attendance requirements, and minimum academic requirements. The program is a four-year course divided into eight semesters, with the goal of providing students with skills and knowledge to succeed as mechanical engineers. Student performance is continuously evaluated through internal and end-semester exams, with grades and credits awarded based on percentages and letter grades.
Assessing The Industrial PhD Stakeholder InsightsTye Rausch
This document summarizes a journal article that assesses industrial PhD programs from the perspectives of university and industry stakeholders. It finds that while industrial PhDs aim to provide practical skills training, stakeholders have differing views of their value. Major challenges are identified, but existing research suggests factors that could support success, like adjusting frameworks to benefit all parties. The study indicates industrial PhDs may effectively make engineering education more practice-oriented if universities and firms address challenges through cooperation.
The document is a technical report on the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) written by Inyang ThankGod Godwin. The report provides:
1) An overview of SIWES, its aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice by exposing students to industrial work.
2) Details of Inyang's work experience at the Ministry of Lands and Housing in Cross River State, including site inspections, plan approvals, and development control activities.
3) Insights into the organization of the Ministry and Town Planning Department where duties are divided between headquarters and zonal offices.
The document provides information on the mission, objectives, and activities of the Electrical Engineering department of an educational institution.
The mission is to provide comprehensive and quality education to develop innovative, entrepreneurial and ethical professionals suitable for a sustainable environment. The objectives are to impart technical skills, promote research, and prepare students for challenges in electrical engineering.
The department offers a B.Tech in Electrical Engineering and M.Tech in Power Systems. It has well-equipped labs, well-qualified faculty who publish research, and organizes seminars and industrial visits. Distinguished alumni are placed in prestigious organizations and universities. The department aims to strengthen industry interactions.
Faculty of Technology offers a five-year Undergraduate program (UG), Bachelor of Technology (Hons.) Civil-Construction program and two years Post Graduate programs (PG), M.Tech. in Construction Engineering & Management (CEM), M.Tech. in Structural Engineering Design, M.Tech. in Infrastructure Engineering Design and M.Tech. in Geomatics. It also offers two year M.Sc. Geomatics.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Technology Goa. It includes messages from the director welcoming companies for campus recruitment and highlighting the strong foundation provided to students. It also provides overviews of the B.Tech, M.Tech and Ph.D programs offered, departments, infrastructure including labs, facilities, and contact information. The institute aims to provide world-class education and cutting-edge research opportunities to its students across computer science, electronics, electrical, and interdisciplinary fields.
Assessment of the skills possessed by the teachers of metalwork in the use of...Alexander Decker
1) The study assessed the skills possessed by metalwork teachers in technical colleges in Oyo State, Nigeria in using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools, which have become important in manufacturing industries.
2) A survey was conducted of 35 metalwork teachers to determine the skills they possessed in using CNC lathes, mills, and grinders.
3) The results found that teachers lacked some important skills for using CNC lathes and grinders, and lacked even more skills for CNC mills. It was recommended that teachers receive regular training to develop the needed skills for these machines.
Assessment of the skills possessed by the teachers of metalwork in the use of...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the skills possessed by metalwork teachers in Oyo State, Nigeria in using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools. A survey was conducted of 35 metalwork teachers across technical colleges in Oyo State. Teachers completed a questionnaire to evaluate their skills with CNC lathe machines, milling machines, and grinding machines. The results found that teachers were deficient in some skills for each machine. Specifically, teachers lacked 6 skills for CNC lathes, 7 skills for CNC milling machines, and 6 skills for CNC grinding machines. There were no significant differences found between teachers in urban and rural areas. The study recommended regular retraining of teachers on skills they lack and integrating those skills into teacher preparation programs
The document summarizes the departmental activities of the Electronics and Communication Engineering department at MITS. It provides details about the department profile, workshops conducted, guest lectures, new research initiatives on ARM technology, student organizations like Illuminatus and their activities, achievements of faculty members including their publications, details of supporting staff and a message from the principal, chairperson, and correspondent. The department aims to provide quality education and exposure to students through various technical and extracurricular activities.
This document summarizes an engineering seminar on multidisciplinary engineering. The seminar discussed how engineering is becoming more multidisciplinary due to factors like globalization and more diverse workforces. It also discussed the faculty's approach to multidisciplinary engineering through its program educational objectives and outcomes, curriculum design, and examples of capstone design projects that integrate multiple disciplines. The benefits of multidisciplinary teams are that they allow for easier communication across disciplines and prevent projects from only being viewed from one perspective.
An Online Writing Centre For Engineering StudentsCarrie Tran
This document summarizes an online writing center called iWrite that was created to help develop engineering students' writing skills across their undergraduate studies. iWrite contains online tutorials focused on common engineering genres like lab reports, design reports, and research papers. It also includes examples of student writing, exercises, and feedback tools. The document discusses how iWrite can be integrated into the CDIO framework by mapping its tutorials to the Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate stages of engineering projects. At each stage, certain iWrite tutorials and resources are suggested to help students improve aspects of writing relevant to that phase, such as developing problem statements, using visuals, documenting experiments, and final reporting. By aligning iWrite with authentic engineering
EXPLORING AUDIO-TACTILE DESIGN APPROACHES IN CREATING A HOME-AWAY-FROM-HOME F...DamilareOG
This document is a thesis submitted by Ogunsanya Damilare Damisi to the Department of Architecture at the University of Lagos in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Environmental Design. The thesis explores audio-tactile design approaches for creating accessible housing for visually impaired students at the University of Lagos. Through literature review and case studies of similar projects, the thesis examines challenges faced by visually impaired individuals and strategies for multi-sensory design. This informed the design of a proposed hostel for visually impaired students at the University of Lagos, with a focus on audio-tactile cues to aid wayfinding and accessibility.
Best B.Tech College in Delhi,NCR with all colleges details including campus,facilities,course,admission,activities and placement so that Dronacharya Group provides the list of top colleges for the educations and get the success in your life so that scholars learning may help for choose the better colleges if you want more details then you can visit above link.
This document provides information on the revised syllabus for the Third Year Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology program at the University of Mumbai, to be implemented from the academic year 2021-2022.
It includes the program structure for semesters 5 and 6, with details of the courses, teaching schemes, examination schemes, course objectives and outcomes. Some of the courses included are Internet Programming, Computer Network Security, Entrepreneurship and E-Business, and Software Engineering.
The document also provides context for the revisions through preambles on outcomes-based education, reduced credits to minimize student workload, and inclusion of skill-based labs and mini-projects.
The document provides information on the K to 12 Creative Technologies curriculum for junior high school students in the Philippines. It outlines the conceptual framework, key stage standards, grade level standards, and sample lessons for the subject. The curriculum aims to develop students' technological proficiency through a project-based approach involving theoretical learning and hands-on laboratory work developing ideas and projects that apply to different fields. It is designed to equip students with skills for lifelong learning and an entrepreneurial spirit.
Engineering is the application of science and mathematics to invent, design, build, and improve structures, machines, tools, and systems. Engineers are problem solvers who make things work better, more efficiently, quicker and cheaper. Some key types of engineering include civil, mechanical, electrical and electronics, computer science, and automotive engineering. Engineering benefits society by creating innovations that improve lives and drives technological progress, while also providing rewarding careers for engineers with opportunities for creativity, challenge, learning, and financial stability.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Assessing The Industrial PhD Stakeholder InsightsTye Rausch
This document summarizes a journal article that assesses industrial PhD programs from the perspectives of university and industry stakeholders. It finds that while industrial PhDs aim to provide practical skills training, stakeholders have differing views of their value. Major challenges are identified, but existing research suggests factors that could support success, like adjusting frameworks to benefit all parties. The study indicates industrial PhDs may effectively make engineering education more practice-oriented if universities and firms address challenges through cooperation.
The document is a technical report on the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) written by Inyang ThankGod Godwin. The report provides:
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2) Details of Inyang's work experience at the Ministry of Lands and Housing in Cross River State, including site inspections, plan approvals, and development control activities.
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The document provides information on the mission, objectives, and activities of the Electrical Engineering department of an educational institution.
The mission is to provide comprehensive and quality education to develop innovative, entrepreneurial and ethical professionals suitable for a sustainable environment. The objectives are to impart technical skills, promote research, and prepare students for challenges in electrical engineering.
The department offers a B.Tech in Electrical Engineering and M.Tech in Power Systems. It has well-equipped labs, well-qualified faculty who publish research, and organizes seminars and industrial visits. Distinguished alumni are placed in prestigious organizations and universities. The department aims to strengthen industry interactions.
Faculty of Technology offers a five-year Undergraduate program (UG), Bachelor of Technology (Hons.) Civil-Construction program and two years Post Graduate programs (PG), M.Tech. in Construction Engineering & Management (CEM), M.Tech. in Structural Engineering Design, M.Tech. in Infrastructure Engineering Design and M.Tech. in Geomatics. It also offers two year M.Sc. Geomatics.
The document provides information about the National Institute of Technology Goa. It includes messages from the director welcoming companies for campus recruitment and highlighting the strong foundation provided to students. It also provides overviews of the B.Tech, M.Tech and Ph.D programs offered, departments, infrastructure including labs, facilities, and contact information. The institute aims to provide world-class education and cutting-edge research opportunities to its students across computer science, electronics, electrical, and interdisciplinary fields.
Assessment of the skills possessed by the teachers of metalwork in the use of...Alexander Decker
1) The study assessed the skills possessed by metalwork teachers in technical colleges in Oyo State, Nigeria in using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools, which have become important in manufacturing industries.
2) A survey was conducted of 35 metalwork teachers to determine the skills they possessed in using CNC lathes, mills, and grinders.
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Assessment of the skills possessed by the teachers of metalwork in the use of...Alexander Decker
This study assessed the skills possessed by metalwork teachers in Oyo State, Nigeria in using computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools. A survey was conducted of 35 metalwork teachers across technical colleges in Oyo State. Teachers completed a questionnaire to evaluate their skills with CNC lathe machines, milling machines, and grinding machines. The results found that teachers were deficient in some skills for each machine. Specifically, teachers lacked 6 skills for CNC lathes, 7 skills for CNC milling machines, and 6 skills for CNC grinding machines. There were no significant differences found between teachers in urban and rural areas. The study recommended regular retraining of teachers on skills they lack and integrating those skills into teacher preparation programs
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Best B.Tech College in Delhi,NCR with all colleges details including campus,facilities,course,admission,activities and placement so that Dronacharya Group provides the list of top colleges for the educations and get the success in your life so that scholars learning may help for choose the better colleges if you want more details then you can visit above link.
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The document also provides context for the revisions through preambles on outcomes-based education, reduced credits to minimize student workload, and inclusion of skill-based labs and mini-projects.
The document provides information on the K to 12 Creative Technologies curriculum for junior high school students in the Philippines. It outlines the conceptual framework, key stage standards, grade level standards, and sample lessons for the subject. The curriculum aims to develop students' technological proficiency through a project-based approach involving theoretical learning and hands-on laboratory work developing ideas and projects that apply to different fields. It is designed to equip students with skills for lifelong learning and an entrepreneurial spirit.
Engineering is the application of science and mathematics to invent, design, build, and improve structures, machines, tools, and systems. Engineers are problem solvers who make things work better, more efficiently, quicker and cheaper. Some key types of engineering include civil, mechanical, electrical and electronics, computer science, and automotive engineering. Engineering benefits society by creating innovations that improve lives and drives technological progress, while also providing rewarding careers for engineers with opportunities for creativity, challenge, learning, and financial stability.
Similar to Modeling of 2 D Computer Aided Drafting Application for Teaching and Learning Engineering Drawing (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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materials and forces of nature for the benefit of
mankind. A careful look reveals that almost all the
physical items: buildings, vehicles, books, roads, food
growing and processing, railways, medical care,
recreation, etc around us have been created or their
creation influenced by some engineers.
Meanwhile, manufacturing of machines and other
engineering contrivances requires the prior adequate
description of what is to be produced, how it is to be
produced and what it should be produced with. Every
engineer must have a working knowledge of
engineering drawing; the diagrammatic tool and
language used for such graphic description. This
makes engineering drawing a critical component of
engineering education, and its teaching and learning
very important activities of any engineering
undergraduate curriculum. Producing engineering
drawing manually is time-consuming and demands
considerable mental and physical tasks input. In
computer-aided drafting, the process is usually
integrated with computer-aided design (CAD) thereby
reducing the drudgery that is greatly encountered in
drafting engineering designs.
In Nigerian academic institutions, be it primary,
secondary or tertiary, manual method of drawing
figures on black or whiteboards during class lessons is
the common practice. In higher institutions where
engineering drawing is taught as a compulsory course
to engineering students and as a borrowed course in
some other faculties, the number of students that
attend the lectures is usually high, about a thousand
per lecture on the average. Unfortunately, there are no
enough spaces and personnel to meet up with Nigerian
University Commission's minimum bench mark for
teaching engineering drawing. Absence of public
address systems to assist the resource lecturer
aggravates the problem. During manual drawing
lectures, the lecturer blocks the views of many
students as s/he draws on the board. Besides, there is a
limit to the visibility of the drawn objects which the
students can see, depending on the student’s position,
eye conditions and distance from the board. As one
moves away from the front seats to the back seats, the
lecturer's voice also diminishes. All these pose as
problems to many students, making them lose interest
in the lecture shortly after commencing. The only
students whose interests may last long in a lecture
series are the students sitting close to the lecturer and
to the board. This problem called for something to be
done to capture the interests of the other students in
the class who did not enjoy privilege of seating in the
front seats.
Therefore, there is the need to deploy a teaching and
learning technique that portrays the graphic sequences
encountered during engineering graphics production
with reduced human efforts and drudgery. Such a
computerized technique should afford students access
to the program during personal or group study or
review. This work is therefore aimed at the modeling
for a two dimensional (2-D) computer-aided
application (2-D CADA) for teaching and learning of
engineering graphics. By achieving this fit, the
drudgery involved in drawing an object while teaching
will be greatly reduced; the drawing teacher will exert
less mental and physical efforts, with reduced fatigue
in discharging his/her duties while increasing
productivity. The ease of use of a 2-D CADA will also
allow students easy recall and review of lessons and
images crafted in the slides
2. BRIEF REVIEW OF SOME BASIC
CONCEPTS
2.1. Industrial Engineering
From the foregoing, it can be understood that the
essence of engineering is to design. One of the
areas/branches of engineering that has so much
influenced and assisted greatly in improving the
standard of living and quality of life of people today
is the Industrial Engineering. Industrial engineering
has been variously defined in literature. However,
only two of the definitions have been adopted for the
purposes of this work. Wikipedia, defined industrial
engineering as, "a branch of engineering that deals
with the optimization of complex processes or
systems. It is concerned with the development,
improvement, implementation and evaluation of
integrated systems of people, money, knowledge,
information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis
and synthesis, as well as the mathematical, physical
and social sciences together with the principles and
methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and
evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems
or processes. Its underlying concepts overlap
considerably with certain business-oriented
disciplines such as operations management."
Depending on the subspecialties involved, industrial
engineering may also be known as, or overlap with,
operations management, management science,
operations research, systems engineering,
management engineering, manufacturing engineering,
ergonomics or human factors engineering, safety
engineering, or others, depending on the viewpoint or
motives of the user. For example, in health care, the
engineers known as health management engineers or
health systems engineers are, in essence, industrial
engineers by another name."
According to the Institute of Industrial Engineers,
industrial engineering uses the methods of
engineering and concepts from the sciences and
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mathematics in designing production systems,
studying quality and improving productivity.
Industrial engineers work on all aspects of a system,
including data, energy, machines, workers and raw
materials. They also predict and then evaluate the
outcome of various system designs. Industrial
engineering as a discipline of engineering seeks to
integrate and maximize the performance of man,
machine and materials resources through designing
and developing the best processes that improve the
overall effectiveness of a given organization.
2.2. Engineering Design
The word design was drawn from the Latin
“designare,” which means to designate or mark out.
Design can be taken to mean all the processes of
conception, invention, visualization, calculation,
refinement, and specification of details that determine
the form of a product. Hence it refers to an object’s
esthetic appearance, with specific reference to its
form or outward appearance as well as its function.
George Cox (2005) states in the Cox Review,
“Design is what links creativity and innovation. It
shapes ideas to become practical and attractive
propositions for users or customers. Design may be
described as creativity deployed to a specific end.” In
essence design can be considered to be the process of
conceiving, developing, and realizing products,
artifacts, processes, systems, services, and
experiences with the aim of fulfilling identified or
perceived needs or desires typically working within
defined or negotiated constraints. This process may
draw upon and synthesize principles, knowledge,
methods skills, and tools from a broad spectrum of
disciplines depending on the nature of the design
initiative and activity.
According to Eder WE, Hosnedl S (2008) research
activities in design engineering follows at least six
parallel paths
The classical experimental, empirical way of
independent observing, e.g., by protocol studies,
including self-observation, and impartial
observation of experimental subjects, etc.,
describing, abstracting, recognizing, perceiving,
understanding, modeling, formulating
hypotheses—observations capture a proportion of
thinking, usually over short time spans;
Participative observation, the observer also acts as
a member of the design team and thus acts in the
observed process.
A reconstructive, detective way of tracing past
events and results by looking for clues in various
places.
Speculative, reflective, philosophical generating
of hypotheses, and testing;
Transfer between practical experience and the
insights of knowledge; and
Development of not-for-profit products Howard T
(2011)
These paths must be coordinated to attain internal
consistency and plausibility. The theory and methods
outlined here were developed from these paths.
Also Eder WE, Hosnedl S (2010), indicated that the
theory should be as complete and logically consistent
as possible, and refer to actual and will be applicable
to design processes. The design methods are intended
to guide more or less experienced engineering
designers to assist them when their task reaches
beyond their level of expertise, can then be derived,
and consider available experience.
Eder WE (2009b), emphasized that the graphic
models that are part of the theory can be used as
guides to design activity and methods in application
must remain voluntary, adaptable, and with guarantee
of success. They must be learned, preferably on
simplified examples, before they can be used on a
problem of any substantial importance.
According to Julier G (2000), if a product is intended
to be visually attractive and user-friendly, its form
like its observable shape is important. Industrial
design tends to be primary for consumer products and
durables for it emphasizes the artistic elements,
appearance, ergonomics, customer appeal,
satisfaction, observable properties of a product. The
color, line, shape, form, pattern, texture, proportion,
juxtaposition, emotional reactions are mainly
observable properties of a tangible product Howard T
(2011). The task given to or chosen by industrial
designers is usually specified in rough terms. The
mainly intuitive industrial design process emphasizes
‘‘creativity’’ and judgment, and is used in a studio
setting in architecture, typographic design, fine art,
etc., Industrial designers can introduce new fashion
trends in their products.
Eide et al (1986) explained that the end result of an
engineering effort - generally referred to as design - is
a device, structure, or process which satisfies a need.
A successful design is achieved when a logical
procedure is followed to meet a specific need. The
procedure, called the design process, is similar to the
scientific method with respect to a step-by-step
routine, but it differs in objectives and end results.
The design process encompasses the following
activities, all of which must be completed. 1.
Identification 2. Definition 3. Search 4. Establishment
of criteria and constraints 5. Consideration of
alternatives 6. Analysis 7. Decision 8. Specification 9.
Communication.
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Further still, from engineering point of view, design
implies "to prepare the preliminary sketch or the
plans for (a work to be executed), especially to work
out the structure or form of (something), as by
making a sketch, outline, pattern, or plans";"to plan
and fashion artistically or skillfully" (Dictionary.com,
nd.). As stated by the Free On-line Dictionary of
Computing (2014), a successful design must satisfy a
("perhaps informal) functional specification (do what
it was designed to do); conforms to the limitations of
the target medium (it is possible to implement); meets
implicit or explicit requirements on performance and
resource usage (it is efficient enough). A design may
also have to satisfy restrictions on the design process
itself, such as its length or cost, or the tools available
for doing the design. In the software life-cycle, design
follows requirements analysis and is followed by
implementation (Grady, 1996)
2.2.1. The Design Process and the Role of Design
Model
The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing defines
design process as the approach that engineering (and
some other) disciplines use to specify how to create
or do something. All the engineering products we see
around us have either been conceived and created
from scratch or have evolved from existing ideas.
Either way, an engineering design process will have
been followed, in one form or another. In essence,
design sequence is usually iterative, progressing from
some statement of need to identification or
specification of problem; search for solutions to
development of solution, manufacture, test and use.
The approach repeats until a satisfactory solution is
achieved. The Design as a generic tool module
provides an interesting and comprehensive
introduction to engineering and design, so a detailed
discussion of the design process will not be included
here.
Heroux, Turner, & Pellegrini, (2010), stated that
students learn more and be more engaged when
learning with an engineering design perspective hence
role of design model cannot be over emphasized. And
Coryn, Pellegrini, Evergreen, Heroux, & Turner,
(2011) explained that students who are taught with
engineering design can become more self-motivated,
and the effectiveness of the instruction increases
when students are more involved in their learning,
hence engineering design places the student in the
role of scientist/engineer. The student is the
scientist/engineer.
If students are not well drilled in engineering design it
will result in graduating half-baked students who
cannot work effectively in engineering environment
Cooper (2013). Hence engineering design qualifies
the students to take the position of scientist/engineer,
a very engaging perspective for the student, which
results in the greater student’s achievement. The use
of engineering design based on its ability to foster
learning at a deeper level, increasing scientific
literacy and empowering portions of the population
that are historically underrepresented in science and
engineering fields Metz (2014).
As published by wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
"Industrial design is the use of both applied art and
applied science to improve the aesthetics, design,
ergonomics, functionality, and/or usability of a
product, and it may also be used to improve the
product's marketability and even production. The role
of an industrial designer is to create and execute
design solutions for problems of form, usability,
physical ergonomics, marketing, brand development,
and sales (de Noblet, 1993). Although the process of
design may be considered 'creative,' many analytical
processes also take place. In fact, many industrial
designers often use various design methodologies in
their creative process. Some of the processes that are
commonly used are user research, sketching,
comparative product research, model making,
prototyping and testing. These processes are best
defined by the industrial designers and/or other team
members. Industrial designers often utilize 3D
software, computer-aided industrial design and CAD
programs to move from concept to production. They
may also build a prototype first and then use
industrial CT scanning to test for interior defects and
generate a CAD model. From this the manufacturing
process may be modified to improve the product. ...
Industrial design may also focus on technical
concepts, products, and processes. In addition to
aesthetics, usability, and ergonomics, it can also
encompass engineering, usefulness, market
placement, and other concerns—such as psychology,
desire, and the emotional attachment of the user.
These values and accompanying aspects that form the
basis of industrial design can vary—between different
schools of thought, and among practicing designers."
(An excerpt from Wikipedia, "Industrial Design",
2014)
After the needs of the customers have been identified,
they are translated into technical specifications and
the product is designed based on the
functional/operational, quality, reliability and cost
considerations. The outcome of the product final
design and the information obtained from research
and development (R&D) are presented in the form of
part and assembly drawings and bill of materials
(BOM), which serve as input to the process design
stage. At the process design stage, the method of
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manufacture of the product, the type and sequence of
operations, tools and equipment required for the
manufacture of the product are determined and
established.
2.3. Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing is the common language of
engineering and describes the process of creating
drawings for any engineering or architectural
application. Engineering drawings, produced
according to accepted standards and format, provide
an effective and efficient way to communicate
specific information about design intent. Engineering
drawings are typically not open to interpretation like
other drawings, such as decorative drawings and
artistic paintings. A successful engineering drawing
describes a specific item in a way that the viewer of
the drawing understands completely and without
misinterpretation, David A. Madsen (2011).
In his own definition, Dhawan (2006) sees
engineering drawing as the art of representing
engineering objects such as buildings, roads,
machines etc. on a paper. The term engineering
drawing is also known as drafting, engineering
drafting, mechanical drawing, mechanical drafting,
technical drawing, and technical drafting. Drafting is
a graphic language using lines, symbols, and notes to
describe objects for manufacture or construction.
Most technical disciplines use drafting, including
architecture, civil and electrical engineering,
electronics, piping, manufacturing, and structural
engineering. The term mechanical drafting has
alternate meanings. The manufacturing industry uses
mechanical drafting, with its name derived from
mechanisms. The construction industry also uses
mechanical drafting, but the term refers to drafting
heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
systems, which is the mechanical portion of an
architectural project. You will learn about drafting
common to other disciplines later in this chapter.
Manual drafting is a term that describes traditional
drafting practice using pencil or ink on a medium
such as paper or polyester fi lm, with the support of
drafting instruments and equipment. Computer-aided
drafting (CAD) has taken the place of manual
drafting. CAD uses computers for drafting. CAD also
refers to computer-aided design when computers are
used to design. Engineering drawings communicate a
variety of concepts, such as engineering requirements,
instructions, and proposals, to a variety of people,
such as the many different individuals often involved
with a project. An engineering drawing or a complete
set of engineering drawings provides all of the data
required to manufacture or construct an item or
product, such as a machine part, consumer product, or
structure David A. Madsen (2011).
The subject of engineering drawing can be
categorized from the engineering point of view as
follows: 1) Geometric drawing, consisting of plane
geometric and solid geometric drawings 2)
Mechanical engineering drawing 3) Civil engineering
drawing 4) Electrical & Electronics engineering
drawing, among others.
2.3.1. The Role/Importance of Engineering
Drawing
One of the biggest wrong questions many students
usually ask is, “Why passing through the rigorous
trainings in engineering drawing practice, instead of
focusing on entrepreneurship knowledge?” This
question is wrong for obvious reasons. As earlier said,
manufacturing of machines and other engineering
contrivances requires the prior adequate description
of what is to be produced, how it is to be produced
and what it should be produced with. More so, before
producing an item, the designer needs to design the
shape of the product, the shape and model of the
wrapper product, the symbols, and any other
requirements in the designing of the product.
Therefore, every engineer must have a working
knowledge of engineering drawing - the
diagrammatic tool and language used for such graphic
description. This makes engineering drawing a
critical component of engineering education, and its
teaching and learning very important activities of any
engineering discipline’s undergraduate curriculum.
Engineering Drawing is one of the subjects in
Industrial Engineering that assist/support and equip
industrial engineers. Literally, Engineering Drawing
is a bright, clear, and precision language used at
design stage to visualize a conceived idea about an
object, to communicate the idea to others, and to
analyze and solve problems associated with the
product design. The graphical representation of an
object and its structure can be done by freehand
sketching (or model drawing) and/or by instrument
drawing (including the use of computers as in
Computer aided design/drafting (CAD/CADD), etc).
Graphics in drawing applications play the role of
visualization, communication and makes
documentation easier and sustainable.
The main purpose of the engineering drawing in
industrial engineering is to impact in the engineering
student the ability/skill to read/interpret an
engineering drawing made on the components of a
designed machine or any other product of
manufacturing activity. The most important thing in
studying “engineering drawing” is training ourselves
on how we can imagine the shape of real life objects
existing in the picture form; we also determine the
size and give dimensions to the object by
proportionate drawing and scaling. Besides, our
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Figure 4: The 2-D CADA drawing elements meant to mimic the basic steps in manual process of
mounting a drawing paper on a drawing board and drawing the margin/boundary lines on it
The power point presentation of the demo is then projected on a screen for all the students to see. Audio
explanations of the processes in producing the required drawing are given. Public address system will be needed
for a large class. The entire presentation can be replicated and deployed to a personal computer as well as to
group-based students’ workstations.
4. Results and Discussion
As a sample demo, the 2D-CADA was made to draw boarder lines on a drawing paper displayed in the computer
screen. The computer screen was shot at intervals of time as the demo ran. The demo shots are shown in Figure 4:
(a) – (i). Fig 4a shows the CADA drawing board; Fig 4b shows a drawing sheet being placed on the drawing
board. Other parts (Figs c to h) of Figure 4 contain self-explanatory notes. Various versions of this application for
drawing different figures have been developed and deployed in teaching engineering drawing courses, namely
Engineering Drawing I (FEG 213) and Engineering Drawing II (FEG 214) in the Facultyof Engineering, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Awka. Students' interests and attention were always aroused and sustained throughout the
lecture/teaching sections. Also lecturers handling the courses were relieved of the drudgery involved in drawing
figures on the chalk board.
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Figure 4: Stages in the process of drawing a border line by the 2-D CADA
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Capabilities of the developed and deployed 2-D
CADA include following:
It uses its 2-D models to represent 3-D drawing
instruments and materials as depicted in Figure 3.
Its elements can be made to mimic the actions
taken by physical drawing instruments during
traditional drawing tasks. Snap shots of the paths
traced by CADA drawing tools are presented in
Figure 4.
It relieves a teacher the mental and physical
stresses that go with manual production of
drawings on the chalk board.
Its drawing objects can be deployed to show how
a given figure can be drawn manually when they
are activated to mimic the use of tangible drawing
instruments in real life situation.
It can quickly attract the attention, deepen the
interests and improve the understanding of
students during drawing lessons.
Voice note can be introduced and blended with its
demo presentations.
It can be replicated and deployed to a personal
computer for self-study plans as well as to group-
based students’ workstations for group teaching.
By claim VIII, deployment of a 2-D CADA
model allows for a remote teaching and/or
learning of drawings.
5. Conclusion
In summary, Engineering Drawing is a universal
language of engineers. Foregoing discussions reveal
that the role of drawing and design in solving
engineering problems cannot be overemphasized.
David A. Madsen (2011), published the six uses of
the act of drawing as follows: 1. To archive the
geometric form of the design. 2. To communicate
ideas between designers and between the designers
and manufacturing personnel. 3. To act as an analysis
tool. Often, missing dimensions and tolerances are
calculated on the drawing as it is developed. 4. To
simulate the design. 5. To serve as a completeness
checker. As sketches or other drawings are being
made, the details left to be designed become apparent
to the designer. This, in effect, helps establish an
agenda of design tasks left to accomplish. 6. To act as
an extension of the designer's short term memory.
Designers often unconsciously make sketches to help
them remember ideas that they might otherwise
forget. It should be noted that a good engineering
drawing of a given item/component must clearly and
completely give all the vital information required for
the part's manufacture. And to create such a drawing,
the proper line weights and styles, necessary views
and proper places of dimensions, and where
necessary, the appropriate section techniques should
be selected and applied. More so, even though using
CADD software in drawing makes a better drawing
presentations, it should be noted that a designer or
draftsman making use of the software will not achieve
this fit without understanding and applying the basic
drawing concepts.
Finally, modeling for development of 2-D computer
aided applications meant to assist instructors in
teaching art of engineering or technical
drawing/graphics in our schools, seminars and
workshops has been reported in this work. Different
versions of this model application have since been
developed and deployed in teaching engineering
drawing courses in the Faculty of Engineering,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. These computer
aided drafting applications have solved a number of
serious problems encountered in teaching engineering
drawing as a general course in the said faculty. One
of such problems was attending to a class of over
1000 students/audience at a sitting in a manual
drawing lesson. By developing and deploying 2-D
CADAs during engineering drawing lectures, the
course lecturers were relieved of the strenuous efforts
expended in manual methods of drawing engineering
figures specified in the school's curricula, students got
more attentive in class and many developed interested
and love for engineering drawing.
References
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DETC2009-86067
[2] Eder WE, Hosnedl S (2008) Design
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CRC Press, Boca Raton
[3] Eder WE, Hosnedl S (2010) Introduction to
design engineering—systematic creativity and
management. CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden
[4] Howard T (2011) (Assistant Professor, DTU
Management Engineering, Engineering Design
and Product Development, Technical
University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark),
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