Conducting a literature study on the bioelectric properties of bone, electromagnetic bone stimulation, and numerical modeling of bioelectric problems in the low-frequency regime.

1. Modeling and Simulation of Bone Healing
Through Electrical Stimulation
Supervised by : M.Sc. Hendrikje Raben
Presented To: Prof. Dr. rer.nat.habil. Ursula van Rienen
Dr. Christian Bahls
Rostock,
BSEE Omer Hanif BSEE Vishal Kheni
30.06.2019

2. • History
• Methods And Material
• Results
• Applying Electrical Current to Bones
• Methematical Model
• Optimized Electrostimulative Hip Revision System
• Models of Acetabular cup and Femoral Component
• Electrical Stimulation of the Mandible
• Anatomic Modelling
• Alloplastic Recontruction Plates
• Osteofixation System
• Result
• Uncertainty Quantification
Contents
30.06.2019 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik 2

3. • Coils were coupled electrically
• Coils were aligned facing each other
• Battery
History
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• Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields. A surgically noninvasive method. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 238:242–262.

4. • Control Fibula
• Low values on
mechanical testing
• Stimulated Fibula
• High values on
mechanical testing
Results
30.06.2019 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik 4
• Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields. A surgically noninvasive method. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 238:242–262.

5. Bioelectric Properties of bone
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Fukada E, Yasuda I. On the piezoelectric effect of bone. J Phys Soc Jpn 1957; 12:1158–1162.
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

6. • Direct current
• Capacitive coupling
• Inductive coupling
Methods of applying electrical current to bones
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Michelle Griffin, MResa and Ardeshir Bayat, MD, PhD “ Electrical Stimulation in Bone Healing: Critical Analysis by Evaluating Levels of Evidence“ PMC3145421 2011; 11: e34

7. • Direct Current
• Lower oxygen level and increase pH
• Increase in osteoblast cell proliferation
• Callus formation and maturation
• Capacitive Coupling
• Increase in cystolic calcium
• Activated calmodulin stores
• Callus formation and maturation
• Inductive Coupling
• Direct increase in intracellular calcium
• Activated calmodulin stores.
• Callus formation and maturation
How these methods work?
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Michelle Griffin, MResa and Ardeshir Bayat, MD, PhD “ Electrical Stimulation in Bone Healing: Critical Analysis by Evaluating Levels of Evidence“ PMC3145421 2011; 11: e34
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

8. 30.06.2019 8
• Solving the time-harmonic Maxwell‘s
equations
• Conditions
• EM* waves propagation
neglected
• No induction effect.
• Quasistatic equation (resistive
properties)
• Electroquasistatic equation (EQS)
resistive and capacitive properties
Theory and Hypothesis:
Mathematic model
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik
U. van Rienen. Springer Basel AG „Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Integrated Circuits by K. Antreich , R. Burlirsch“
* EM: Electromagnetic

9. 30.06.2019
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Mathematic model
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik
U. van Rienen. Springer Basel AG „Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Integrated Circuits by K. Antreich , R. Burlirsch“

10. 30.06.2019
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Mathematic model
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik
U. van Rienen. Springer Basel AG „Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Integrated Circuits by K. Antreich , R. Burlirsch“

11. • Acetabular cup
• Electrodes
• Anchorage cone
• Femoral Cup
• Hip stem
• Electrode
• Frequency…
Model of Acetabular Cup and Femoral Component
Electrostimulative hip revision system
30.06.2019 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik 11
• Schmidt C, Zimmermann U, van Rienen U. Modeling of an optimized electro-stimulative hip revision system under consideration of uncertainty in the conductivity of bone tissue. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform
2015; 19:1321–1330.

12. • Pelvic bone
• Femoral bone
• Limited stimulated electrode
Model of Acetabular cup and Femoral Component
30.06.2019 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik 12
• Schmidt C, Zimmermann U, van Rienen U. Modeling of an optimized electro-stimulative hip revision system under consideration of uncertainty in the conductivity of bone tissue. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform
2015; 19:1321–1330.

13. • Mean (5-70V/M)
Stimulated Results
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• Schmidt C, Zimmermann U, van Rienen U. Modeling of an optimized electro-stimulative hip revision system under consideration of uncertainty in the conductivity of bone tissue. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform
2015; 19:1321–1330.
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

14. • Input elements
• Control elements
• Resources
• Output elements
Anatomic Modeling
30.06.2019 14© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

15. Highly conductive titanium(red),conductive soft tissue (blue), resistive
bone (yellow).
Anatomical 3D CAD Model
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• Computer Tomography(CT)
• The metallic implant and the fixation screws
Ursula van Rienen, Ulf Zimmermann, Hendrikje Raben, and Peer W. Kämmerer

16. • Determining tissue properties
• Determining implant properties
• Assign to anatomical model
• Tissue Properties
• Temprature
• Fibre orientation
• Frequency
• EQS equation
∇ [jωε(r) + σ (r)]∇ϕ(r)]= 0
• Simplified Eqution
∇ (σ(r)∇ϕ(r)) = 0
Physical Modeling
30.06.2019 16© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

17. 1. Understimulated bone (|E| < 5V/m)
2. Optimally stimulated bone (5 ≤ |E| ≤ 70 V/m)
3. Overstimulated bone (|E| > 70V/m)
Comparison of Two Stimulation Sites
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18. a. Insulated
b. Insulated & Fitting
c. Non-insulated
d. Non-insulated & Fitting
CAD model
Osteofixation Process
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19. Results
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20. • Definition
• Sources of Uncertainty
• Parameter Uncertainty
• Structural Uncertainty
• Algorithm Uncertainty
• Aleatoric Uncertainty
• Epistemic Uncertainty
Uncertainty Quantification
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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_quantification [12/01/2019]
© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

21. • Forward Uncertainty Propagation
• To evaluate low-order moments of the outputs
• To evaluate the reliability of the outputs
• To assess the complete probability distribution of the outputs
• Inverse Uncertainty Propagation
• bias correction
• parameter calibration
Types of Uncertainty Quantification
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• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_quantification [12/01/2019]
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22. THANK YOU
30.06.2019 22© UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik

23. • Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Acceleration of fracture repair by electromagnetic fields. A surgically noninvasive
method. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1974; 238:242–262.
• Michelle Griffin, MResa and Ardeshir Bayat, MD, PhD “ Electrical Stimulation in Bone Healing: Critical Analysis by
Evaluating Levels of Evidence“ PMC3145421 2011; 11: e34
• Fukada E, Yasuda I. On the piezoelectric effect of bone. J Phys Soc Jpn 1957; 12:1158–1162.
• Schmidt C, Zimmermann U, van Rienen U. Modeling of an optimized electro-stimulative hip revision system under
consideration of uncertainty in the conductivity of bone tissue. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform 2015; 19:1321–
1330.
• Ursula van Rienen, Ulf Zimmermann, Hendrikje Raben,and Peer W. Kämmerer,” Preliminary Numerical Study on
Electrical Stimulation at Alloplastic Reconstruction Plates of the Mandible”
• Hendrikje Raben*, Christian Schmidt, Karthik Sridhar, Peer W. Kämmerer and Ursula van Rienen ,” Numerical
design studies on a novel electrostimulative osteosynthesis system for the mandible ”, Current Directions in
Biomedical Engineering 2017; 3(2): 613–617
•
Reference
30.06.2019 © UNIVERSITÄT ROSTOCK | Fakultät für Informatik und Elektrotechnik 23