The document describes a model of the operational area that includes: 1. Different features depicted using modeling materials like soil, green paper, blue paper, brown paper, and black paper to represent hills, vegetation, water bodies, roads. 2. The ground is generally undulating with hills to the west and open areas to the east, sparsely vegetated with dense vegetation along rivers and at the base of hills. 3. Observation is good from high ground up to 5km by day and 300m at night, fields of fire allow firing up to 300m with small arms and 2km with indirect fire.

1. MODEL DESCRIPTION AND GROUND ORIENTATION
SAMPLE
1. Gentlemen in front of us is a model which represent our immediate area of
operation,
2. I have extracted my model from the map of …… scale 1:50 000.
3. My model Covers ….. Km sq, from easting Grid … to ………and
Northing grid ……….to ……
4. It is made into scale in that one side of the square represents one KM on the
actual ground.
5. I have orientated my model to the general direction of North as shown by the
arrow.
6. I have used different aids to depict both Natural and artificial feature on the
ground.
(i) The moulds of soil represent high hills and knolls for example Ol-
donyo Mutunyi hills
(ii) The green colour represent vegetation
(iii) The blue colour represents Rivers, lagers and other water bodies for
example Lewa River
(iv) The brown colour represents un tarmac road and other motorable
trucks for example Isiolo – kipsing Road
(v) The black colour represent tarmac road for example Isiolo – Nanyuki
road
(vi) The paper cutting represent grid coordinates and names of different
places for example our own position.
GROUND IN GENERAL
The ground in our area of operation is general undulating; it is dominated by hills to the
West and open ground to the East.
The ground is sparsely vegetated in most parts however; there is dense vegetation along
the lagers and a long the foot of the hills.
It is Criss-Crossed by Network of Rivers and lagers all flowing to the General
Direction of North,
The ground is served with poor road network the major one being Isiolo – kipsing Road.
which is impassable during rainy season
The area is sparsely populated with major habitants being the Samburu, Borana, and
Turkanas whose main activity is livestock rearing.

2. GROUND IN DETAIL
OBSERVATION AND FIELD OF FIRE
The ground in our area of operation offer good Observation especial on the high ground
and poor on low ground. We can observe up to 5 km on high ground during day time and
about 300m in low ground; however observation is limited up 20 m during Night hours.
The ground offers good fields of fire we can fire upto 300m with small arms and
about 2000 m with indirect fire
COVER AND CONCEALMENT.
The ground offers good cover especially along the lagers and foot of the hill,
Concealment is good in the foot of the hill and along the lager and among the shrubs.
OBSTACLE
There no major obstacle for an Infantry man but the thick bush, rivers, lagers and lava
rocks can slow down our movement.
KEY TERRAIN
Isiolo town is our key terrain as it serves us with administration purposes, Mutunyi hill
can serve as an observation point.
AVENUE OF APPROACH
Will be cross country.