The document discusses finding relative major and minor keys by moving up or down three half steps. It provides examples of finding the relative minor of G major (E minor) and relative major of b minor (D major). It also discusses finding intervals like major seconds, minor seconds, major thirds, minor thirds, and perfect fourths and fifths by counting half steps upward from a given note on a musical staff. It emphasizes the importance of knowing the keyboard, building major scales, and distinguishing between whole and half steps.