6. とき
とき connects 2 sentences and expresses the time when
the state or action described happens.
図書館で本を借りるとき、カードがいります。
When you borrow books in the library, you need a card.
やきゅうの試合があるとき、テレビを見ます。
When there is a baseball match, I watch TV.
会議室を出るとき、エアコンをけしましたか。
When you go out the meeting room, did you switch the
aircon off?
体の調子が悪い時、元気茶を飲みます。
When I am not in good shape, I drink genki cha.
ひまな時、家へ遊びに来ませんか。
When you are free, won’t you come to my house?
学生の時、時々アルバイトをしました。
When I was a student, I sometimes did a part-time job.
12. とき
When とき is used in the present tense and
the past tense of verbs, the meaning differs.
When とき is used with the present tense, it
indicates that the action is not completed
When とき is used with the past tense, it
indicates the completion of the action
家へ帰るとき、ケーキを買います。
家へ帰った時、「ただいま」と言います。
日本に行くとき、カメラを買います。
日本に行った時、すしを食べます。
23. Dictionary form / plain present
negative + ‘と’
This conditional form is used when the first event/action
happens, then the next action happens as a
consequence / as a result immediately or happens
certainly.
So second action happens naturally, inevitably,
repetitively or automatically after the first action.
This is also used when it means a ‘discovery’ or ‘past
habit’ if a 2nd sentence is in the past.
This is often translated as ‘when’, ‘if’ or ‘whenever’.
と is often used when stating instructions, natural laws,
principles, etc
Sentences which means ‘will, hope’, ‘command’,
‘suggestions’, ‘wish’, ‘invitation’ or ‘request’ do not follow
といい(is good)、とだめ(is no good) are useful phrases
result
repetitive
Discovery
Past habit
Definitely
happens
Difficulty
Warning
25. Dictionary form / plain present
negative + ‘と’
と is used for both spoken and written
と can NOT take volitional expressions
と is NOT used for situations which may or may
not happen. In other words, this is generally
used when something is always happens.
There is a strong connection with first and
second sentence.
When this is used with negatives such as 食べな
いと, this often express ‘difficulty’ or ‘warning’
When it is used with the past tense, it expresses
a ‘discovery’, ‘past habit’ or ‘repetitive action of
the same person’
26. Dictionary form / plain present negative
+ ‘と’
お金を入れると、ジュースが出てきます。
If/when you put money in, juice will come out. (instruction,
result, inevitable)
右に曲がると、病院が見えます。
If/when you turn right, you will see a hospital. (instruction,
result, inevitable)
暖かくなると、桜が咲きます。
If/when it gets warmer, cherry blossom blooms. (natural law)
早く起きないと、学校に遅刻するよ。
If you don’t get up early (quickly), you will be late for school.
(result, consequence, warning))
27. Dictionary form / plain present negative
+ ‘と’
毎日学校が終わると、友達と遊びました。
Everyday, when school finished, (I) played with friends.
(repetitive action of the same person)
教室に入ると、みんなが笑った。
When I entered the classroom, everyone laughed at me.
(result)
ドアを開けると、豚がいた。
When I opened the door, there was a pig. (discovery)
朝起きると、コーヒーを飲みます。
When/whenever I get up in the morning, I drink coffee.
(repetitive habit)
朝起きると、コーヒーを飲みました。
When/whenever I got up in the morning, I used to drink
coffee. (repetitive habit in the past)
28. Structure
Dictionary form, plain present negative
食べると、遊ぶと、見ないと、しないと、
いadjectives, plain present negative
大きいと、古いと、新しくないと、小さくないと、
なadjective + だ, plain present negative
好きだと、元気だと、へんじゃないと、きれいじゃないと、
Noun + だ, plain present negative
バスだと、音楽だと、大学だと、
This conditional form are not used with past
tense
29. 「と」と「とき」
「とき」focuses more on ‘the time
something is happening’ or ‘the time of
situation’.
日本に行くとき、ビザがいる。
北海道に行ったとき、雪が降った。
「と」has more function of ‘trigger’ other
action or ‘condition’ of action.
日本に行くと、日本語を話す。
北海道に行くと、いつも雪が降る。