The document discusses the modality and redundancy principles for multimedia learning. The modality principle states that students learn better from words and pictures rather than from words alone. Presenting words as speech is better than presenting them as text. The redundancy principle states that students do not learn better from both words and pictures than from words alone if the words are redundant. The assessment questions test application of these principles by asking which option correctly applies the modality principle of spoken vs printed words and which correctly applies the redundancy principle of spoken and printed vs spoken alone.