The document discusses the modality and redundancy principles for multimedia learning. The modality principle states that students learn better from words and pictures rather than from words alone. Presenting words as speech is better than presenting them as text. The redundancy principle states that students do not learn better from both words and pictures than from words alone if the words are redundant. The assessment questions test application of these principles by asking which option correctly applies the modality principle of spoken vs printed words and which correctly applies the redundancy principle of spoken and printed vs spoken alone.

1. Modality & Redundancy Created by Jedediah Smith Based on chapters 5 & 6 of e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning (2 nd Edition) by Clark and Mayer

2. Objective Determine if a multimedia presentation correctly applies modality and redundancy.

3. Modality Principle Visual Phonetic Sensory Working Eyes Ears Memory Systems Images Written Words

4. Modality Principle Continued Visual Phonetic Sensory Working Eyes Ears Memory Systems Images Spoken Words

5. Times The Modality Principle May Not Improve Effectiveness Technology restrictions Expense to great Images and text not simultaneous Text needs to remain available

6. Redundancy Principle Visual Phonetic Sensory Working Eyes Ears Memory Systems Images Written Words Spoken Words

7. Times The Redundancy Principle May Not Improve Effectiveness No images Lots of time Complex spoken words

8. Assessment (Part 1) Which of the following correctly applies the Modality Principle? “ The radius of a circle is the distance from any point of the outside of the circle to the center. The diameter is the distance from a point on the outside of the circle to the point exactly opposite.” A. Words are Spoken B. Words are Printed

9. Assessment (Part 1) Solution Which of the following correctly applies the Modality Principle? “ The radius of a circle is the distance from any point of the outside of the circle to the center. The diameter is the distance from a point on the outside of the circle to the point exactly opposite.” A. Words are Spoken B. Words are Printed

10. Assessment (Part 2) Which of the following correctly applies the Redundancy Principle? “ The radius of a circle is the distance from any point of the outside of the circle to the center. The diameter is the distance from a point on the outside of the circle to the point exactly opposite.” A. Words are Spoken and Printed B. Words are only Spoken

11. Assessment (Part 2) Which of the following correctly applies the Redundancy Principle? “ The radius of a circle is the distance from any point of the outside of the circle to the center. The diameter is the distance from a point on the outside of the circle to the point exactly opposite.” A. Words are Spoken and Printed B. Words are only Spoken