Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that have definite chemical compositions and molecular structures. They are found in the earth's crust and make up rocks. The document discusses the principal groups of minerals, their uses, properties used to identify them, examples of minerals important for nutrition, and that minerals composed of organic matter are not true minerals.

2. • A naturally occurring substance of inorganic
origin.
• Their molecular structures are regular and
their chemical composition varies only within
specific limits.
• A natural solid substance found in the earth’s
crust.
• Substances that make up the rocks of Earth.
• They are HOMOGENOUS – every part of it
is the same as every other part.

3. PRINCIPAL GROUPS
• Native Elements
• Halides
• Sulphides
• Oxides
• Carbonates
• Sulphates
• Phosphates
• Silicates

4. *Native Elements

5. *Halides

6. *Sulphides

7. *Oxides

8. *Carbonates

9. *Sulphates

10. *Phosphate

11. *Silicate

12. USES
• Sources of essential metals.
– Ores: a natural occurring metallic compound
from which the metal can be extended.
• Used as catalysts or fluxes in chemical
reactions.
• Some are of aesthetic value as collectors’
items or jewelry stones.

13. PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY A MINERAL
• Crystal Shape
• Luster
–Metallic
–Non-metallic
• Color
• Streak
• Hardness

14. *Crystal Shape

15. *Luster

16. *Color

17. *Streak

18. *Hardness

19. MINERALS THAT ARE PART OF A
BALANCED DIET
• Iron – essential constituent of hemoglobin
• Calcium – for strong bones and teeth, and for
muscle contraction
• Sodium – (salt) for the nerve cells and to produce
hydrochloric acid for digestion
• Iodine – used to create thyroxine, hormone partly
responsible for controlling metabolic rate in body

20. Minerals composed of
organic matter (crude
oil, coal) are not true
minerals but are called
minerals.