Mindfulness is an ancient Buddhist practice of present moment awareness without judgment. Research has shown mindfulness to be an effective intervention for reducing anxiety, stress, and depression. Brief mindfulness training can significantly reduce experimentally induced pain and increase positive emotions. Mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been shown to improve symptoms of social anxiety disorder, depression, rumination, and self-esteem. The therapeutic process involves mindfulness practice leading to increased state mindfulness, positive reappraisal of stressors, and reduced negative emotions and anxiety.

1. Mindfulness for Anxiety Conditions
Clinton McCulloch
Psychologist & Researcher

2. Mindfulness
2,500 years old practice from Buddhist
psychology
Defined as:
 “present moment non-judgmental
awareness” (Kabat-Zinn, 2013)
Empirical support for reducing stress

3. State
Mindfulness
Reappraisal
Positive
Emotion
and
Reduced
Anxiety
Stress Appraisal
Negative
Emotion &
Anxiety
Stressor r
Therapeutic Process of
Mindfulness Practice
Mindfulness
Practice
(Garland et al., 2009)

4. Previous Research
 Brief mindfulness training (3 x 20 minute sessions) led to
significant reduction in experimentally induced pain
(Zeidan, 2008)
 Meta-analysis comparing 39 clinical trials found
mindfulness-based therapies to be an effective intervention
for anxiety and depression in clinical populations
(Hoffman et al., 2010)
 10 min guided mindfulness training lead to significant
increases in state mindfulness and positive emotion
(Erisman & Roemer, 2010).

5. Previous Research
 Two months of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction
Program significantly improved social anxiety
symptoms, depression, rumination, and self-esteem in
individuals with SAD (Goldin & Gross, 2010)

6. References
 Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using Self-Report
Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. doi:
10.1177/1073191105283504
 Erisman, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally
induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10(1), 72.
 Garland, E., Gaylord, S., & Park, J. (2009). The Role of Mindfulness in Positive Reappraisal. EXPLORE:
The Journal of Science and Healing, 5(1), 37-44. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2008.10.001
 Garland, E., Hanley, A., Farb, N., & Froeliger, B. (2013). State Mindfulness During Meditation Predicts
Enhanced Cognitive Reappraisal. Mindfulness, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12671-013-0250-6
 Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011). Positive Reappraisal Mediates the Stress-
Reductive Effects of Mindfulness: An Upward Spiral Process. Mindfulness, 2(1), 59-67. doi:
10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8
 Hanley, A., Garland, E. L., & Black, D. S. (2014). Use of mindful reappraisal coping among meditation
practitioners. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(3), 294-301. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22023
 Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy
on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of consulting and clinical
psychology, 78(2), 169