2. TRUTH
•Lies at the heart of any inquiry
•Considered as a kind of quality or value
For example, when we answer a “True or
False” test, we judge if the statements we
read are true or false. This means that
statements may have truth or may not have
truth.
3. PROPOSITIONS
•Statements about the world or reality
•May or may not carry truth
•Usually stated as short statements or
sentences
•A declarative sentence that is either true
or false
4. Examples of Propositions
•Manila is the capital of Philippines.
•Asia is the largest continent in the world.
•The sun is the center of the solar system.
5. It is through knowing that we are able to
determine what is true.
6. KNOWLEDGE
•The clear awareness and understanding of something .
•It is the product of questions that allow for clear
answers provided by facts.
•Our knowledge is comprised of ideas and beliefs that
we know to be true.
•Knowledge is based on reality. This simply means that
what we know is what is observable or evident in the
real world.
7. Example of knowledge
•I know that fish live in water. (because
fish do live in water)
•Fire can melt anything. (because fire is
hot)
9. CLAIM
•Statements that are not evidently or immediately
known to be true.
Example: I know that my school is the best school
in town.
This statement is a claim, and further examination
is required to establish whether it is true or false.
10. •Truthful statements, therefore, can
be considered as based on facts.
Science considers truth as something
observable and empirical. This means
that any claim can be proven by
verification and experimentation.
11. How do we know if something is true?
•We assume that everything we know in this world
is true. But philosophers who pondered upon the
origins of knowledge doubted everything that
there is to know about themselves and the world.
In doing so, they were able to better understand
the means by which humans gain knowledge and
determine the truth about everything.
12. It is said that we have to unlearn
something so that we may learn anew.
Philosophers questioned what they knew
and even analyzed their methods of
knowing in order to understand
themselves and the world much better.
13. Doubt has a very important purpose in
philosophy as it drives our desire to discover
truth.
In philosophy, systematic doubt is
employed to help determine truth. This
means that every statement, claim,
evidence, and experience is scrutinized and
analyzed. Nothing is taken as true unless
there is sufficient reason and evidence to
prove that it is indeed true.
14. Perspective of truth
•A belief is true if it can be justified or proven
through the use of one’s senses.
•A belief or statement is true if it is based on facts.
•Getting a consensus or having people agree on a
common belief.
•If it can be proven through action.
•If it can be subjected to tests to determine truth.
