used for research purposes

1. PARTS OF THE RESEARCH
PAPER
I. Preliminaries
a. Title Page
b. Approval Sheet
c. Acknowledgment
d. Dedication
e. Table of Contents
f. List of Tables
g. Abstract

2. CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM
AND REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
A. Introduction
-This part gives the reader an
idea about the problem. It is
usually presents from macro to
micro perspective

3. What must the introduction contain?
- The presentation of the topic
-The personal idea based on the
researcher’s experiences reinforced by
his/her readings about the topic.
-The reinforcement of the discussion
about what other authorities tell about
the topic.
-The authority of the researcher in
conducting the study

4. B. Review of Related Literature
The related literature follows a topical
presentation. The topics to be
included should be a representation
of the variables under study. Results
of studies should also be incorporated
under the topics where they belong.
If possible, foreign literatures must be
presented first before the local ones,
howver, they are not labelled as such.

5. C. Conceptual Framework of the
Study
A conceptual framework represents
the researcher’s synthesis of
literature on how to explain a
phenomenon. It maps out the actions
required in the course of the study
given his previous knowledge of other
researchers’ point of view and his
observations on the subject of
research.

6. In other words, the conceptual
framework is the researcher’s
understanding of how the
particular variables in his study
connect with each other. Thus, it
identifies the variables required in the
research investigation. It is the
researcher’s “map” in pursuing the
investigation.
The conceptual Framework is usually
followed by the research paradigm.

7. D. Definition of Terms
The terms used in the study are those
that are defined. Definitions may be
conceptual or operational.
Conceptual are the dictionary
definitions while operational
definitions are definitions based on
how the terms are used in the study.
In research, it is strongly suggested to
use both conceptual and operational
definitions.

8. E. Statement of the Problem
This presents what the researcher wants to
do in the study. The statement of the
problem has 2 main parts: the main
problem and the specific questions.
Note: For a Master’s Thesis there should
be a minimum of 4 specific problems and
at least one hypothesis to answer.

9. F. Hypothesis
The hypothesis is the question that
affirms or negates an idea in a study.
This when answered becomes the
thesis of the study.
Hypothesis may be NULL or
ALTERNATIVE. In our institutional
format, the NULL hypothesis is used.

10. G. Significance of the Study
This part of the thesis paper
identifes/enumerates people or group
of people who will benefit from the
study and narrate how they will
benefit from it.
Normally, it’s from the results where
they benefit from.

11. CHAPTER II. METHOD
A. Research Design
This identifies the design of research
used (descriptive, experimental,
historical)
This must be followed by the
justification why such design was
used in the study.

12. B. Participants
The participants refer to the
respondents. The number of
respondents must be mentioned as to
what group they represents (if ever)
and the procedure by which these
were chosen should also be
mentioned in this section.
A Table of Respondents (Table1)
follows the narrative presentation.

13. C. Instrumentation
Instrumentations refer to the
instruments used to gather the data
needed. This includes questionnaires,
interview guides, tests, interviews,
observations and documentary
analysis, etc.

14. Under instrumentation, the following
sub sections are included:
- description of the instrument
-validation of the instrument
-reliability of the instrument

15. D. Statistical Treatment
This narrates what statistical treatment are
used for each of the data gathered in
answer to specific problems. For instance:
Profile – frequency count and percentage
Assessments – weighted mean
Difference – t test , z test
Relationship – Correlation (Spearman rho, 2
are compared; ANOVA, 3 are compared

16. CHAPTER III- PRESENTATION,
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
In this chapter the data gathered in
answer to the specific problems are
presented, normally thru statistical
tables, followed by the presentation
of the data, the analysis of the data
and the interpretations.

17. The specific problems are restated as
Specific Problem #1, and so on followed by
the Table (with Table Title). The
interpretation of the table should focus only
on the significant results, for instance, too
high scores, too low scores, contradicting
responses in one item but not all the items
in the table especially when these data do
not significantly mean anything to the total
results.