The document discusses metal matrix composites (MMCs), which can be reinforced with either continuous or discontinuous fibers, or particulates. Particulate-reinforced MMCs contain particles or platelets ranging from 0.5 to 100 micrometers in size, and allow for higher volume fractions than fiber-reinforced MMCs. Dispersion-strengthened MMCs contain nanoparticles that are uniformly distributed to strengthen the metal matrix.