Growth Characteristics Modeling of Lactobacillus acidophilus using RSM and ANNGanga Sahay Meena
The culture conditions viz. additional carbon and n
itrogen content, inoculum size, age, temperature an
d pH of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
were optimized using response surface methodology (
RSM) and artificial neural network
(ANN). Kinetic growth models were fitted to cultiva
tions from a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) design experi
ments for
different variables. This concept of combining the
optimization and modeling presented different optim
al conditions
for
L. acidophilus
growth from their original optimization study. Thr
ough these statistical tools, the product yield
(cell mass) of
L. acidophilus
was increased. Regression coefficients (R
2
) of both the statistical tools predicted that
ANN was better than RSM and the regression equation
was solved with the help of genetic algorithms (GA
). The
normalized percentage mean squared error obtained f
rom the ANN and RSM models were 0.06 and 0.2%,
respectively. The results demonstrated a higher pre
diction accuracy of ANN compared to RSM
Nutrients retention in functional beef burgers with especial emphasis on lipi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The true retention values of nutrients, with particular reference to fatty acids of dietary importance, were investigated in burgers with none or half of the pork backfat replaced with soybean oil –healthier burgers (HB)- added with 0g/kg, 5g/kg, 10g/kg and 20g/kg of dry soybean sprouts (DSS) as additive. A multivariate analysis was applied in order to detect the main fatty acids to characterize the finished product. Cooking yield of samples increased with the amount DSS incorporated, meaning that this bulking agent improved retention of water and fat in the matrix. The higher concentration of additive the higher the protein and total fat retention. Respect to fatty acid profile in samples incorporated with 5g/kg, 10g/kg of DSS the loss of fat –specially saturated fatty acids (SFA) - improved the ratio between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and SFA. Also analyses of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices indicate that 10g/kg DSS presents the lower values for these parameters. Multivariate analysis shown that fatty acid descriptors with more contribution to variability of total data were miristic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acid. Keywords: Healthier burgers, Fatty acids, Nutrient retention, Multivariate analysis
Assessment of Experts’ Opinion on Irish Potato Farmers Perceptions about Clim...Premier Publishers
This paper evaluated expert opinions on farmers' perception about climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices and their effects on Irish potato production in Kenya. The study focused on different coping strategies preferred by experts and currently used by farmers. Delphi approach was used to elicit information from 22 experts from different Irish potato and climate research organizations in Kenya. The study found that, majority of farmers were aware of climate change and perceived it to affect Irish potato production in Kenya. Most experts opined that key climate change effects experienced by the farmers in Kenya included new strains of pest and diseases (91%), low rainfall (68%), instability in production (68%), inability to plan for production (64%) and destruction of crops by floods (59%) causing an overall decline in potato yield (86%). Despite high level of farmers’ awareness (76%) and benefits (91%), the study found low implementation levels(≤ 40%) on most of the CSA practices. Furthermore, the assessment revealed that the top 5 CSA practices preferred by both experts and farmers are the use of improved crop varieties (85%), irrigation (64%), efficient use of agrochemicals (54%), early land preparation (51%), diversified crop production (45%), efficient use of inorganic fertilizer (45%) and changing planting dates (45%). The study revealed that the most preferred CSA practices focused on increased production. The study calls for changes in agricultural policy to appropriately resolve the majority of CSA practices adoption and adaptation concerns in Kenya.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Growth Characteristics Modeling of Lactobacillus acidophilus using RSM and ANNGanga Sahay Meena
The culture conditions viz. additional carbon and n
itrogen content, inoculum size, age, temperature an
d pH of
Lactobacillus acidophilus
were optimized using response surface methodology (
RSM) and artificial neural network
(ANN). Kinetic growth models were fitted to cultiva
tions from a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) design experi
ments for
different variables. This concept of combining the
optimization and modeling presented different optim
al conditions
for
L. acidophilus
growth from their original optimization study. Thr
ough these statistical tools, the product yield
(cell mass) of
L. acidophilus
was increased. Regression coefficients (R
2
) of both the statistical tools predicted that
ANN was better than RSM and the regression equation
was solved with the help of genetic algorithms (GA
). The
normalized percentage mean squared error obtained f
rom the ANN and RSM models were 0.06 and 0.2%,
respectively. The results demonstrated a higher pre
diction accuracy of ANN compared to RSM
Nutrients retention in functional beef burgers with especial emphasis on lipi...eSAT Journals
Abstract The true retention values of nutrients, with particular reference to fatty acids of dietary importance, were investigated in burgers with none or half of the pork backfat replaced with soybean oil –healthier burgers (HB)- added with 0g/kg, 5g/kg, 10g/kg and 20g/kg of dry soybean sprouts (DSS) as additive. A multivariate analysis was applied in order to detect the main fatty acids to characterize the finished product. Cooking yield of samples increased with the amount DSS incorporated, meaning that this bulking agent improved retention of water and fat in the matrix. The higher concentration of additive the higher the protein and total fat retention. Respect to fatty acid profile in samples incorporated with 5g/kg, 10g/kg of DSS the loss of fat –specially saturated fatty acids (SFA) - improved the ratio between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and SFA. Also analyses of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices indicate that 10g/kg DSS presents the lower values for these parameters. Multivariate analysis shown that fatty acid descriptors with more contribution to variability of total data were miristic, palmitic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acid. Keywords: Healthier burgers, Fatty acids, Nutrient retention, Multivariate analysis
Assessment of Experts’ Opinion on Irish Potato Farmers Perceptions about Clim...Premier Publishers
This paper evaluated expert opinions on farmers' perception about climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices and their effects on Irish potato production in Kenya. The study focused on different coping strategies preferred by experts and currently used by farmers. Delphi approach was used to elicit information from 22 experts from different Irish potato and climate research organizations in Kenya. The study found that, majority of farmers were aware of climate change and perceived it to affect Irish potato production in Kenya. Most experts opined that key climate change effects experienced by the farmers in Kenya included new strains of pest and diseases (91%), low rainfall (68%), instability in production (68%), inability to plan for production (64%) and destruction of crops by floods (59%) causing an overall decline in potato yield (86%). Despite high level of farmers’ awareness (76%) and benefits (91%), the study found low implementation levels(≤ 40%) on most of the CSA practices. Furthermore, the assessment revealed that the top 5 CSA practices preferred by both experts and farmers are the use of improved crop varieties (85%), irrigation (64%), efficient use of agrochemicals (54%), early land preparation (51%), diversified crop production (45%), efficient use of inorganic fertilizer (45%) and changing planting dates (45%). The study revealed that the most preferred CSA practices focused on increased production. The study calls for changes in agricultural policy to appropriately resolve the majority of CSA practices adoption and adaptation concerns in Kenya.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
An ecological assessment of food waste composting using a hybrid life cycle a...Ramy Salemdeeb
A conference paper published at the 8th Conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, At University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, At Surrey
Overview of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
16 October 2018, Beijing, China
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CCAFS
Current risk assessment approaches for environmental and food & feed safety -...OECD Environment
This presentation highlights the history of risk and safety assessment approaches for GEOs/GMOs, the current application of risk and safety assessment approaches for GEOs/GMOs and the Implications for emerging applications of genome editing and their assessment.
Composition and Toxicity of Biogas Produced from DifferentFe.docxmccormicknadine86
Composition and Toxicity of Biogas Produced from Different
Feedstocks in California
Yin Li,† Christopher P. Alaimo,† Minji Kim,† Norman Y. Kado,§ Joshua Peppers,‡ Jian Xue,†
Chao Wan,† Peter G. Green,† Ruihong Zhang,‡ Bryan M. Jenkins,‡ Christoph F. A. Vogel,§
Stefan Wuertz,∥ Thomas M. Young,† and Michael J. Kleeman*,†
†Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and §Department of
Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California − Davis, Davis, California 95616,
United States
∥Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551
*S Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Biogas is a renewable energy source composed
of methane, carbon dioxide, and other trace compounds
produced from anaerobic digestion of organic matter. A
variety of feedstocks can be combined with different digestion
techniques that each yields biogas with different trace
compositions. California is expanding biogas production
systems to help meet greenhouse gas reduction goals. Here,
we report the composition of six California biogas streams
from three different feedstocks (dairy manure, food waste, and
municipal solid waste). The chemical and biological
composition of raw biogas is reported, and the toxicity of
combusted biogas is tested under fresh and photochemically
aged conditions. Results show that municipal waste biogas
contained elevated levels of chemicals associated with volatile chemical products such as aromatic hydrocarbons, siloxanes, and
certain halogenated hydrocarbons. Food waste biogas contained elevated levels of sulfur-containing compounds including
hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, and sulfur dioxide. Biogas produced from dairy manure generally had lower concentrations of
trace chemicals, but the combustion products had slightly higher toxicity response compared to the other feedstocks.
Atmospheric aging performed in a photochemical smog chamber did not strongly change the toxicity (oxidative capacity or
mutagenicity) of biogas combustion exhaust.
1. INTRODUCTION
Biogas is a renewable fuel produced from the anaerobic
digestion of organic feedstocks including municipal waste, farm
waste, food waste, and energy crops. Raw biogas typically
consists of methane (50−75%), carbon dioxide (25−50%),
and smaller amounts of nitrogen (2−8%). Trace levels of
hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrogen, and various volatile
organic compounds are also present in biogas depending on
the feedstock.1 Life cycle assessment studies have shown that
deploying biogas technologies can effectively reduce green-
house gas (GHG) emissions and, therefore, reduce the climate
impact of energy consumption.2−4 Biogas production and
utilization practices also help diversify energy systems while
simultaneously promoting sustainable waste management
practices.1,5 California is promoting biogas utilization by
mandating the low carbon fuels, ...
Presented by Ridha Ibidhi on May 9, 2019, as part of the first CCAFS & GRA CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series. See the Introduction for more details: 2019 CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series - Using modeling, life cycle assessment, and trade-off analysis to understand low emissions development options.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the acetone extract of Daedalea eleg...AI Publications
Daedalea elegans is a Nigerian wild (non-edible) higher fungus with great potentials in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics and food industry. This current study investigates the bioactive compounds that can be found in the acetone extract of D. elegans using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). There were twenty-eight compounds identified to be present in the acetone extract of the fungi under study and these are Benzoic acid (0.40%), Nonanoic acid (0.14%), Oxetane, 2,2,4-trimethyl- (0.28%), n-Decanoic acid (0.09%), Phthalimide (0.44%) Dodecanoic acid (0.24%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.21%), 2,4-Difluorobenzene, 1-benzyloxy- (0.16%), Tetratetracontane (0.55%), Isopropylphosphonic acid, fluoroanhydryde (0.28%), Benzene, (1-methylundecyl)- (0.21%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.76%), Cyclohexanepropanol, .alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame (0.56%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.71%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.32%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.97%), 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (0.46%), 9-Tetradecenal, (Z) (1.67), n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.59%) is the second most abundant, Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (1.08%), Eicosanoic acid (0.79%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.64%) was the highest in quantity, Octadecanoic acid (6.98%), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2.64%), 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol (1.95%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteryl benzoate (8.37%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteroltosylate (1.28%), 4,6-Decadienal, 8-ethyl-10-[4-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3,9 (0.22%). These compounds possess activities which includes but not limited to cancer chemotherapy, antifeedant against pine weevil, antifungi agent in topical therapeutic preparation, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-convulsant, antioxidants, hypocholesterolemic, anti-androgenic, nematicide, analgesic, intermediate for food-grade additives, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes and plastic, antineoplastic agent, biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membrane to mention a few. This study has been able to show that D. elegans is a good source of bioactive compounds with great potentials that can be harnessed in various industries.
Presentation at workshop: Reducing the costs of GHG estimates in agriculture to inform low emissions development
November 10-12, 2014
Sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Submerged fermentation of laccase producing Streptomyces chartreusis using bo...IOSR Journals
Response surface methodology was engaged for the optimization of diverse nutritional and physical parameters for laccase production by Streptomyces chartreusis strain NBRC 12753 in the submerged fermentation process. Screening of production parameters was executed using Plackett–Burman design and the variables with statistically momentous effects on laccase production were recognized. Variables such as Cupric sulphate, Pyrogallol and Yeast extract were selected for further optimization studies using Box-Behnken design. The multiple regression coefficients (R2) had a value of 0.9606, indicating that the model could explain up to 96.06 % of the variability of the response. This methodology facilitated analysis of the experimental data to establish the optimum conditions for the process and understand the contribution of individual factors to evaluate the response under optimal conditions. Thus application of Box-Behnken approach appears to have potential usage in process application.
Studies on the Common Preservatives and Additives and their Nutritional Value...YogeshIJTSRD
The study aims at the screening of selected preservatives and additives with respect to its nutritional values. For centuries man has treated food to prolong to its shelf life, and now a days both the natural syntactic preservatives and additives are used widely to ensure the satisfactory maintenance of the quality, quantity and safety of foods. The food preservatives and additives are selected based on the food industries and purchased and measured. Nutrition values i.e., energy, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre and sugar is analysed for the selective additives and preservatives. There continues to be lots of public concern about the use of food preservatives including additives leads from a perception that some of them may have undesirable effects on human body and their daily lifestyle. The absence of nutritional values in food additives and food preservatives are analysed by means of confirmatory tests. The results of these assays prove that there is no presence of nutrients in the additives and preservatives which are commonly used in south Indian food industries. Keziah Prabhu | G. Sangavi | Shaleesha A. Stanley "Studies on the Common Preservatives and Additives and their Nutritional Values used in the South Indian Food Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42328.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42328/studies-on-the-common-preservatives-and-additives-and-their-nutritional-values-used-in-the-south-indian-food-industry/keziah-prabhu
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
An ecological assessment of food waste composting using a hybrid life cycle a...Ramy Salemdeeb
A conference paper published at the 8th Conference of the International Society for Industrial Ecology, At University of Surrey, Guildford, UK, At Surrey
Overview of CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
Presentation to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)
16 October 2018, Beijing, China
Presented by Lini Wollenberg, Low Emissions Development Flagship Leader, CCAFS
Current risk assessment approaches for environmental and food & feed safety -...OECD Environment
This presentation highlights the history of risk and safety assessment approaches for GEOs/GMOs, the current application of risk and safety assessment approaches for GEOs/GMOs and the Implications for emerging applications of genome editing and their assessment.
Composition and Toxicity of Biogas Produced from DifferentFe.docxmccormicknadine86
Composition and Toxicity of Biogas Produced from Different
Feedstocks in California
Yin Li,† Christopher P. Alaimo,† Minji Kim,† Norman Y. Kado,§ Joshua Peppers,‡ Jian Xue,†
Chao Wan,† Peter G. Green,† Ruihong Zhang,‡ Bryan M. Jenkins,‡ Christoph F. A. Vogel,§
Stefan Wuertz,∥ Thomas M. Young,† and Michael J. Kleeman*,†
†Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ‡Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and §Department of
Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California − Davis, Davis, California 95616,
United States
∥Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551
*S Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Biogas is a renewable energy source composed
of methane, carbon dioxide, and other trace compounds
produced from anaerobic digestion of organic matter. A
variety of feedstocks can be combined with different digestion
techniques that each yields biogas with different trace
compositions. California is expanding biogas production
systems to help meet greenhouse gas reduction goals. Here,
we report the composition of six California biogas streams
from three different feedstocks (dairy manure, food waste, and
municipal solid waste). The chemical and biological
composition of raw biogas is reported, and the toxicity of
combusted biogas is tested under fresh and photochemically
aged conditions. Results show that municipal waste biogas
contained elevated levels of chemicals associated with volatile chemical products such as aromatic hydrocarbons, siloxanes, and
certain halogenated hydrocarbons. Food waste biogas contained elevated levels of sulfur-containing compounds including
hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, and sulfur dioxide. Biogas produced from dairy manure generally had lower concentrations of
trace chemicals, but the combustion products had slightly higher toxicity response compared to the other feedstocks.
Atmospheric aging performed in a photochemical smog chamber did not strongly change the toxicity (oxidative capacity or
mutagenicity) of biogas combustion exhaust.
1. INTRODUCTION
Biogas is a renewable fuel produced from the anaerobic
digestion of organic feedstocks including municipal waste, farm
waste, food waste, and energy crops. Raw biogas typically
consists of methane (50−75%), carbon dioxide (25−50%),
and smaller amounts of nitrogen (2−8%). Trace levels of
hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrogen, and various volatile
organic compounds are also present in biogas depending on
the feedstock.1 Life cycle assessment studies have shown that
deploying biogas technologies can effectively reduce green-
house gas (GHG) emissions and, therefore, reduce the climate
impact of energy consumption.2−4 Biogas production and
utilization practices also help diversify energy systems while
simultaneously promoting sustainable waste management
practices.1,5 California is promoting biogas utilization by
mandating the low carbon fuels, ...
Presented by Ridha Ibidhi on May 9, 2019, as part of the first CCAFS & GRA CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series. See the Introduction for more details: 2019 CLIFF-GRADS Webinar Series - Using modeling, life cycle assessment, and trade-off analysis to understand low emissions development options.
Identification of Bioactive Compounds in the acetone extract of Daedalea eleg...AI Publications
Daedalea elegans is a Nigerian wild (non-edible) higher fungus with great potentials in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetics and food industry. This current study investigates the bioactive compounds that can be found in the acetone extract of D. elegans using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). There were twenty-eight compounds identified to be present in the acetone extract of the fungi under study and these are Benzoic acid (0.40%), Nonanoic acid (0.14%), Oxetane, 2,2,4-trimethyl- (0.28%), n-Decanoic acid (0.09%), Phthalimide (0.44%) Dodecanoic acid (0.24%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.21%), 2,4-Difluorobenzene, 1-benzyloxy- (0.16%), Tetratetracontane (0.55%), Isopropylphosphonic acid, fluoroanhydryde (0.28%), Benzene, (1-methylundecyl)- (0.21%), Tetradecanoic acid (0.76%), Cyclohexanepropanol, .alpha.,2,2,6-tetrame (0.56%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.71%), E-2-Hexenyl benzoate (0.32%), Pentadecanoic acid (0.97%), 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl- (0.46%), 9-Tetradecenal, (Z) (1.67), n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.59%) is the second most abundant, Phthalic acid, butyl undecyl ester (1.08%), Eicosanoic acid (0.79%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.64%) was the highest in quantity, Octadecanoic acid (6.98%), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2.64%), 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol (1.95%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteryl benzoate (8.37%), 9(11)-Dehydroergosteroltosylate (1.28%), 4,6-Decadienal, 8-ethyl-10-[4-hydroxy-8-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3,9 (0.22%). These compounds possess activities which includes but not limited to cancer chemotherapy, antifeedant against pine weevil, antifungi agent in topical therapeutic preparation, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-convulsant, antioxidants, hypocholesterolemic, anti-androgenic, nematicide, analgesic, intermediate for food-grade additives, lubricants, greases, rubber, dyes and plastic, antineoplastic agent, biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membrane to mention a few. This study has been able to show that D. elegans is a good source of bioactive compounds with great potentials that can be harnessed in various industries.
Presentation at workshop: Reducing the costs of GHG estimates in agriculture to inform low emissions development
November 10-12, 2014
Sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Submerged fermentation of laccase producing Streptomyces chartreusis using bo...IOSR Journals
Response surface methodology was engaged for the optimization of diverse nutritional and physical parameters for laccase production by Streptomyces chartreusis strain NBRC 12753 in the submerged fermentation process. Screening of production parameters was executed using Plackett–Burman design and the variables with statistically momentous effects on laccase production were recognized. Variables such as Cupric sulphate, Pyrogallol and Yeast extract were selected for further optimization studies using Box-Behnken design. The multiple regression coefficients (R2) had a value of 0.9606, indicating that the model could explain up to 96.06 % of the variability of the response. This methodology facilitated analysis of the experimental data to establish the optimum conditions for the process and understand the contribution of individual factors to evaluate the response under optimal conditions. Thus application of Box-Behnken approach appears to have potential usage in process application.
Studies on the Common Preservatives and Additives and their Nutritional Value...YogeshIJTSRD
The study aims at the screening of selected preservatives and additives with respect to its nutritional values. For centuries man has treated food to prolong to its shelf life, and now a days both the natural syntactic preservatives and additives are used widely to ensure the satisfactory maintenance of the quality, quantity and safety of foods. The food preservatives and additives are selected based on the food industries and purchased and measured. Nutrition values i.e., energy, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibre and sugar is analysed for the selective additives and preservatives. There continues to be lots of public concern about the use of food preservatives including additives leads from a perception that some of them may have undesirable effects on human body and their daily lifestyle. The absence of nutritional values in food additives and food preservatives are analysed by means of confirmatory tests. The results of these assays prove that there is no presence of nutrients in the additives and preservatives which are commonly used in south Indian food industries. Keziah Prabhu | G. Sangavi | Shaleesha A. Stanley "Studies on the Common Preservatives and Additives and their Nutritional Values used in the South Indian Food Industry" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42328.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/biotechnology/42328/studies-on-the-common-preservatives-and-additives-and-their-nutritional-values-used-in-the-south-indian-food-industry/keziah-prabhu
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Meta-analysis
Title:
Effect of low-protein corn and soybean meal-
based diets on nitrogen utilization, litter quality,
and water consumption in broiler chicken
production: insight from meta-analysis
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3. Objective(s)of
themeta-
analysis
To categorize the nutritional strategies described in the
selected low-protein literatures;
To quantify the impact of these strategies on Nitrogen
balance, daily water consumption, litter quality and
plasma uric acid; and
To determine the main interfering factors of these
highlighted responses.
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5. Articlefiltering
Inclusion criteria
the study specified a control dietary CP level and a low-protein treatment
supplemented with the limiting amino acid;
the experimental diet composition was listed in detail;
the diet formulations were iso-energetic;
the experimental conditions (bird variety, sex, age, number per treatment,
ambient temperature, etc.), feed intake and weight gain were provided.
56 publications
Year in consideration:
1990 - 2017
Prisma flow diagram of the selection procedure for broiler diet studies
Source: Alfonso-Avila et al. (2022)
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6. Coding andData
Homogenization
DATA CODING
The experiments were encoded independently, each
including at least two dietary treatments (e.g. low protein and
control).
Studies with results for more than one growth phase were
assigned two codes, one for 0–21 d (grower) and another for
22–42 d (finisher).
DATA
HOMOGENIZATION
In order to homogenize the nutritional profile of each
experimental diet and to complete missing data, INRA
feedstuff tables (Sauvant et al., 2004) were used to
recalculate the complete nutrient profile based on ingredient
composition.
Amino acid standardized ileal digestibility was calculated
using Rostagno et al. (2017).
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7. Database
Creation
NB: Attention was paid to the meta-design which is determined by the
structure of the experiments for each predictor variable (Sauvant et
al., 2008), while the relationship between two independent variables
taken two by two was examined graphically to assess the extent of
variation in each experiment and to identify outliers. All collinearities
were identified.
Nitrogen balance
(39 articles - 144
trials, 319
treatments
Daily Water
Consumption (7
articles - 19 trials,
49 treatments
Litter moisture
(8 articles - 13
trials, 31
treatments
Uric acid (8
articles - 18
trials, 58
treatments
Variables: ADG, ADFI, FCR, N
intake, N retention, N exretion, N
efficiency, Daily water
consumption, litter moisture and
Uric acid
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8. StatisticalAnalysis
All statistical analyses were carried out using the MIXED model
(Minitab, version 18, State College, PA, USA). The bird age (grower,
finisher) and provision of amino acid at levels meeting requirements or
not (binary coding 0 or 1) were analyzed as fixed effects as follows:
Where;
Yij is the value of the dependent variable Y in experiment i with dietary treatment j
µ is the overall intercept, µi is the effect of the experiment group i on the intercept µ
with the condition that the sum of each µi is equal to 0, αi is the age effect,
ᵦi is the amino acid requirement effect, b1 and b2 are the linear and quadratic
coefficients of the relationship, and Ɛij is the residual error.
The interactions between CP, trial and age were also tested. Differences between
treatments were considered significant at P < 0.05, and a tendency to differ was
declared when P < 0.10.
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11. Objective(s)of
thesystematic
review
To characterize the scientific publications on the topics
of the factor that influences broiler production
published between 2000 and 2015 in journals indexed
in the databases of Google Scholar, Scielo, and
ScienceDirect.
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13. Phasesof review
process
Scheme of the systematic review process of scientific articles considered in the current
study. (Adapted from Rodrigues Filho & Gonçalves, 2015).
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Source: Baracho et al. (2018)
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14. Breakdown of
publications by
source,year and
language
Total articles
(167)
Articles
considered (34)
Articles discarded
after critical
systematic review
(133)
Prisma flow diagram
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16. Differences
betweenmeta-
analysis and
systematic review
S/N Meta-analysis Systematic review
1 The data obtained after data
filtering, coding etc are subjected
to statistical analysis (variance-
covariance, PCA, multiple
regression, simple linear
regression, Pearson correlation
etc.) to generate model(s) that
inform(s) meaningful conclusions
The data obtained after data
filtering are not subjected to
statistical analyses. The results
from the selected articles are
discussed as is, and conclusions
made based on inferences drawn
from the articles.
2 It requires coding of the variables
for easy statistical analysis
Since statistical analysis is not
required, coding is not necessary
3 It is more rigorous, and requires
the researcher to have a good
command of statistical analysis
and interpretation.
A researcher does not necessarily
need to know how to carry out
statistical analysis, but however, be
able to interprete statistical results.
The following differences were observed
between meta-analysis and systematic review
from the two articles above;
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