Menactra Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine in India, is it really needed?
July 2016 Sanofi Pasteur Talk for Pediatricians, Child Specialist Doctors related to Vaccination, Immunization etc.
Meningococcal vaccination needed in india may 2017 chd revisedGaurav Gupta
Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur, latest data from India regarding Meningococcal disease, with information regarding need for vaccination in Indian situation for Pediatricians.
Presented in Chandigarh in May 2017
Rotavirus vaccines in India - Whats new in 2021 Gaurav Gupta
This document provides information on Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus vaccines in India, with a focus on vaccine 116E. It discusses how RVGE is a major cause of childhood diarrhea and mortality in India. It summarizes clinical trial results showing the 116E vaccine is effective at preventing severe RVGE, has a good safety profile with no increased risk of intussusception compared to other vaccines, and provides broad protection against circulating rotavirus strains in India. Phase 3 and 4 trials demonstrated 116E is well-tolerated and effective in preventing severe RVGE in Indian children when administered in a 3-dose schedule.
Hep a Live & Inactivated vaccines in IndiaGaurav Gupta
dIAP presentation for GSK - Havrix and comparison of Live and inactivated Hepatitis A vaccines in Dec 2020.. Online discussion about the various Hep A vaccines available and their pros and cons
Zyvac tcv noida aug 2018 - Completely indigenous Typhoid Vaccine - with a QuizGaurav Gupta
Zyvac tcv noida aug 2018 - Completely indigenous Typhoid Vaccine - with a Quiz, presentation in NOIDA.
Lively discussion about the Clinical studies of various Typhoid vaccines
PCVs have important indirect effects on reducing vaccine-type carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease. A 2+1 dosing schedule of PCVs provides both direct and indirect protection across populations by inducing sustained functional antibody responses after boosting. More evidence comparing the direct and indirect protective effects of 3+0 and 2+1 PCV schedules is forthcoming.
Top 10 practical questions about Flu Vaccine in India!Gaurav Gupta
What does a practising paediatrician want to to know about the Flu vaccination? Talk for Abbott Vaccines (Influvac Tetra) in Oct 2020 about common queries that doctors have about the flu vaccine in India, including how it may help in COVID-19?
Meningococcal vaccination needed in india may 2017 chd revisedGaurav Gupta
Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur, latest data from India regarding Meningococcal disease, with information regarding need for vaccination in Indian situation for Pediatricians.
Presented in Chandigarh in May 2017
Rotavirus vaccines in India - Whats new in 2021 Gaurav Gupta
This document provides information on Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) and rotavirus vaccines in India, with a focus on vaccine 116E. It discusses how RVGE is a major cause of childhood diarrhea and mortality in India. It summarizes clinical trial results showing the 116E vaccine is effective at preventing severe RVGE, has a good safety profile with no increased risk of intussusception compared to other vaccines, and provides broad protection against circulating rotavirus strains in India. Phase 3 and 4 trials demonstrated 116E is well-tolerated and effective in preventing severe RVGE in Indian children when administered in a 3-dose schedule.
Hep a Live & Inactivated vaccines in IndiaGaurav Gupta
dIAP presentation for GSK - Havrix and comparison of Live and inactivated Hepatitis A vaccines in Dec 2020.. Online discussion about the various Hep A vaccines available and their pros and cons
Zyvac tcv noida aug 2018 - Completely indigenous Typhoid Vaccine - with a QuizGaurav Gupta
Zyvac tcv noida aug 2018 - Completely indigenous Typhoid Vaccine - with a Quiz, presentation in NOIDA.
Lively discussion about the Clinical studies of various Typhoid vaccines
PCVs have important indirect effects on reducing vaccine-type carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease. A 2+1 dosing schedule of PCVs provides both direct and indirect protection across populations by inducing sustained functional antibody responses after boosting. More evidence comparing the direct and indirect protective effects of 3+0 and 2+1 PCV schedules is forthcoming.
Top 10 practical questions about Flu Vaccine in India!Gaurav Gupta
What does a practising paediatrician want to to know about the Flu vaccination? Talk for Abbott Vaccines (Influvac Tetra) in Oct 2020 about common queries that doctors have about the flu vaccine in India, including how it may help in COVID-19?
Choosing a pneumococcal vaccine - wisely.. Prevenar in Indian contextGaurav Gupta
Choosing a pneumococcal vaccine - wisely.. Prevenar in Indian context latest studies as of July 2018,
Which vaccine is the best in India as of 2018, latest studies and scientific data
Recent advances and remaining challenges in control of meningococcal disease. Key points:
1) Introduction of meningococcal conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y have led to declines in disease globally but gaps in vaccine coverage remain, especially for serogroup B.
2) Meningococcal disease epidemiology is changing with the emergence of new serogroups, clonal complexes, and non-groupable strains.
3) Remaining challenges include short duration of vaccine protection, cost of vaccination programs, and development of a vaccine against the evolving pathogen to achieve global control of meningococcal disease.
Emerging concepts in pneumococcal disease prevention in India sept 2011Gaurav Gupta
Latest information about Pneumococcal disease and its prevention from Indian perspective - as of sept 2011.
Covers latest Pneumonet data, and review from other studies like IBIS, ANSORP etc.
WEBINAR - Zyvac tcv master class september 2018Gaurav Gupta
WEBINAR - Zyvac tcv master class september 2018. All indian webinar on the new Indian typhoid conjugate vaccination,
Broadcast throughout India with more than 500 pediatricians from across the country registering for viewing and asking questions
Zyvac tcv the Indian typhoid conjugate vaccination - Yamunanagar aug 2018Gaurav Gupta
Zyvac TCV by Zydus Vaccines is the Indian Typhoid Conjugate vaccination with Indian Carrier TT protein.
Recent data from Lancet regarding TCV efficacy is featured in this presentation
This document discusses cryptococcal meningitis, including its treatment, diagnosis, and challenges. It summarizes recent trials that found abbreviated amphotericin B regimens and the addition of flucytosine significantly reduced 10-week mortality compared to standard amphotericin B alone. Liposomal amphotericin B shows promise as a short-course, less toxic alternative. Adjunctive therapies like interferon-gamma and novel antifungal drugs are being studied. Point-of-care cryptococcal antigen screening followed by preemptive treatment could help diagnose more cases earlier. Overall, advances are being made but mortality remains unacceptably high, calling for further research on new drugs and optimized treatment
Dr Marie-Pierre Preziosi's presentation at Meningitis Research Foundation's 2013 conference, Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults http://www.meningitis.org/conference2013
The document discusses pneumococcal disease burden in India and compares the coverage of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under 5 in India, with an estimated 123,000-164,000 deaths annually from pneumococcal pneumonia. Studies on invasive pneumococcal disease in India found the top serotypes to be 6A, 5, and 1. PCV7 covers less than 5% of serotypes causing disease in Asia and Africa, while PCV10 covers 70-85% and PCV13 covers 75-90% or more. PCV13 therefore provides the highest coverage for pneumococcal disease in India and other developing countries.
ROTAVIRUS VACCINES IN INDIA .WHICH ONE WILL YOU CHOOSE AND WHY?DR SHAILESH MEHTA
Many brands of Rotavirus vaccine are available in India. However we need to have full evidence based decision making before we choose one rotavirus vaccine over another. This slideshow focuses on the need to have Indian studies which are not there with some of the international brands. Regionwise variability of rotavirus vaccines have prompted ICMR and various other scientific bodies in India to have our own data on efficacy of rotaviral vaccines in Indian scenario. Diarrhoea is a major cause of under 5 mortality in children. After the use of rotavirus vaccines there is a huge reduction of financial burden on our healthcare sytems.
Childhood diarrhoea incidence and severity have decreased ever since rotavirus vaccine was made a part of national immunization schedule.
Vaccination in adults - Slideset by Professor Paolo BonanniWAidid
The slideset by professor Paolo Bonanni on vaccination in adults makes an overview on influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and tick borne encephalitis. Where we were and where we are.
RVGE & vaccination, Indian data with reference to 116EGaurav Gupta
Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is a leading cause of severe diarrhea among children under 5 years old in India. The 116E rotavirus vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against severe RVGE in clinical trials conducted in India. A phase III trial found the 116E vaccine was 56% efficacious against severe RVGE after 1 year and 55% efficacious after 2 years. The 116E vaccine was found to be safe with no increased risk of intussusception compared to other rotavirus vaccines. Additional studies found the 116E vaccine provided strong heterotypic protection against commonly circulating rotavirus genotypes in India and no interference from maternal antibodies.
Hepatitis A is an under rated infectious disease in children , with high morbidity and a major cause of fulminant hepatitis in children.There has been a longstanding debate between the LIVE VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS A AND THE KILLED INACTIVATED VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS A. Recent CDC guidelines and INDIAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS GUIDELINES and recent references were studied before making these slides. Hope you find these useful.
This document discusses the introduction of two new meningococcal immunization programs in England, including vaccination against meningococcal group B disease. It provides data on trends in meningococcal disease cases over time, outlines the age distribution of invasive meningococcal disease, and discusses the role of serogroup B vaccines in the UK. It summarizes evidence from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and tolerability of the MenB vaccine Bexsero, and reviews data showing that prophylactic paracetamol can reduce fever following vaccination without impacting the vaccine's immunogenicity.
- COVID-19 booster shots are recommended for various groups when vaccine-induced immunity has waned, typically 3-6 months after the primary vaccination series. Effectiveness against infection declines more rapidly than against severe outcomes like hospitalization and death.
- Studies show a third dose of mRNA vaccines like Pfizer significantly increases antibody levels in transplant recipients and the immunocompromised whose immune response is weaker.
- Countries providing data found waning vaccine protection against infection over time but sustained effectiveness against severe disease, supporting the need for boosters in vulnerable populations.
1) A study modeled the use of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for epidemic response in the African meningitis belt, based on a previous cluster randomized trial in Niger that found village-wide distribution of ciprofloxacin reduced meningitis attack rates compared to household or standard care.
2) The modeling study used 2015 meningitis surveillance data from Niger to simulate the potential impact and efficiency of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis compared to reactive vaccination, finding prophylaxis could prevent more cases more efficiently.
3) The study concluded village-wide ciprofloxacin prophylaxis is an effective and efficient alternative to reactive vaccination during meningitis epidemics in the region,
Current situation in the meningitis belt, impact of MenAfriVac, countries that have introduced or committed to introducing it into routine schedules, catch up campaigns, controlling outbreaks and the challenge of maintaining vaccine stockpiles, use of conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
This document discusses Meningococcal Meningitis, caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It describes the different serogroups of N. meningitidis, symptoms of meningococcal disease including meningitis, bacteremia and other focal infections. Risk factors and populations are identified. Diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection and PCR testing of CSF, blood and other fluids. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention includes vaccination, especially with conjugate vaccines, isolation of cases and prophylaxis of close contacts. Complications can be severe and include death in 20-30% of cases without treatment.
The document discusses fungal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Some key points:
1) Fungal infections are a major cause of illness and death in ICU patients. Candida bloodstream infections cause significant mortality in ICUs. Risk factors for ICU patients include use of antibiotics, catheters, and surgery.
2) A study in India found an incidence of 6.51 ICU-acquired candidemia cases per 1,000 admissions. Candida tropicalis was the most common cause (41.6% of cases). Crude mortality was 44.7% and attributable mortality was 19.6%.
3) Studies show non-albicans Candida species are emerging
Choosing a pneumococcal vaccine - wisely.. Prevenar in Indian contextGaurav Gupta
Choosing a pneumococcal vaccine - wisely.. Prevenar in Indian context latest studies as of July 2018,
Which vaccine is the best in India as of 2018, latest studies and scientific data
Recent advances and remaining challenges in control of meningococcal disease. Key points:
1) Introduction of meningococcal conjugate vaccines against serogroups A, C, W, and Y have led to declines in disease globally but gaps in vaccine coverage remain, especially for serogroup B.
2) Meningococcal disease epidemiology is changing with the emergence of new serogroups, clonal complexes, and non-groupable strains.
3) Remaining challenges include short duration of vaccine protection, cost of vaccination programs, and development of a vaccine against the evolving pathogen to achieve global control of meningococcal disease.
Emerging concepts in pneumococcal disease prevention in India sept 2011Gaurav Gupta
Latest information about Pneumococcal disease and its prevention from Indian perspective - as of sept 2011.
Covers latest Pneumonet data, and review from other studies like IBIS, ANSORP etc.
WEBINAR - Zyvac tcv master class september 2018Gaurav Gupta
WEBINAR - Zyvac tcv master class september 2018. All indian webinar on the new Indian typhoid conjugate vaccination,
Broadcast throughout India with more than 500 pediatricians from across the country registering for viewing and asking questions
Zyvac tcv the Indian typhoid conjugate vaccination - Yamunanagar aug 2018Gaurav Gupta
Zyvac TCV by Zydus Vaccines is the Indian Typhoid Conjugate vaccination with Indian Carrier TT protein.
Recent data from Lancet regarding TCV efficacy is featured in this presentation
This document discusses cryptococcal meningitis, including its treatment, diagnosis, and challenges. It summarizes recent trials that found abbreviated amphotericin B regimens and the addition of flucytosine significantly reduced 10-week mortality compared to standard amphotericin B alone. Liposomal amphotericin B shows promise as a short-course, less toxic alternative. Adjunctive therapies like interferon-gamma and novel antifungal drugs are being studied. Point-of-care cryptococcal antigen screening followed by preemptive treatment could help diagnose more cases earlier. Overall, advances are being made but mortality remains unacceptably high, calling for further research on new drugs and optimized treatment
Dr Marie-Pierre Preziosi's presentation at Meningitis Research Foundation's 2013 conference, Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults http://www.meningitis.org/conference2013
The document discusses pneumococcal disease burden in India and compares the coverage of different pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under 5 in India, with an estimated 123,000-164,000 deaths annually from pneumococcal pneumonia. Studies on invasive pneumococcal disease in India found the top serotypes to be 6A, 5, and 1. PCV7 covers less than 5% of serotypes causing disease in Asia and Africa, while PCV10 covers 70-85% and PCV13 covers 75-90% or more. PCV13 therefore provides the highest coverage for pneumococcal disease in India and other developing countries.
ROTAVIRUS VACCINES IN INDIA .WHICH ONE WILL YOU CHOOSE AND WHY?DR SHAILESH MEHTA
Many brands of Rotavirus vaccine are available in India. However we need to have full evidence based decision making before we choose one rotavirus vaccine over another. This slideshow focuses on the need to have Indian studies which are not there with some of the international brands. Regionwise variability of rotavirus vaccines have prompted ICMR and various other scientific bodies in India to have our own data on efficacy of rotaviral vaccines in Indian scenario. Diarrhoea is a major cause of under 5 mortality in children. After the use of rotavirus vaccines there is a huge reduction of financial burden on our healthcare sytems.
Childhood diarrhoea incidence and severity have decreased ever since rotavirus vaccine was made a part of national immunization schedule.
Vaccination in adults - Slideset by Professor Paolo BonanniWAidid
The slideset by professor Paolo Bonanni on vaccination in adults makes an overview on influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and tick borne encephalitis. Where we were and where we are.
RVGE & vaccination, Indian data with reference to 116EGaurav Gupta
Rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) is a leading cause of severe diarrhea among children under 5 years old in India. The 116E rotavirus vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against severe RVGE in clinical trials conducted in India. A phase III trial found the 116E vaccine was 56% efficacious against severe RVGE after 1 year and 55% efficacious after 2 years. The 116E vaccine was found to be safe with no increased risk of intussusception compared to other rotavirus vaccines. Additional studies found the 116E vaccine provided strong heterotypic protection against commonly circulating rotavirus genotypes in India and no interference from maternal antibodies.
Hepatitis A is an under rated infectious disease in children , with high morbidity and a major cause of fulminant hepatitis in children.There has been a longstanding debate between the LIVE VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS A AND THE KILLED INACTIVATED VACCINE FOR HEPATITIS A. Recent CDC guidelines and INDIAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS GUIDELINES and recent references were studied before making these slides. Hope you find these useful.
This document discusses the introduction of two new meningococcal immunization programs in England, including vaccination against meningococcal group B disease. It provides data on trends in meningococcal disease cases over time, outlines the age distribution of invasive meningococcal disease, and discusses the role of serogroup B vaccines in the UK. It summarizes evidence from clinical trials demonstrating the immunogenicity and tolerability of the MenB vaccine Bexsero, and reviews data showing that prophylactic paracetamol can reduce fever following vaccination without impacting the vaccine's immunogenicity.
- COVID-19 booster shots are recommended for various groups when vaccine-induced immunity has waned, typically 3-6 months after the primary vaccination series. Effectiveness against infection declines more rapidly than against severe outcomes like hospitalization and death.
- Studies show a third dose of mRNA vaccines like Pfizer significantly increases antibody levels in transplant recipients and the immunocompromised whose immune response is weaker.
- Countries providing data found waning vaccine protection against infection over time but sustained effectiveness against severe disease, supporting the need for boosters in vulnerable populations.
1) A study modeled the use of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis for epidemic response in the African meningitis belt, based on a previous cluster randomized trial in Niger that found village-wide distribution of ciprofloxacin reduced meningitis attack rates compared to household or standard care.
2) The modeling study used 2015 meningitis surveillance data from Niger to simulate the potential impact and efficiency of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis compared to reactive vaccination, finding prophylaxis could prevent more cases more efficiently.
3) The study concluded village-wide ciprofloxacin prophylaxis is an effective and efficient alternative to reactive vaccination during meningitis epidemics in the region,
Current situation in the meningitis belt, impact of MenAfriVac, countries that have introduced or committed to introducing it into routine schedules, catch up campaigns, controlling outbreaks and the challenge of maintaining vaccine stockpiles, use of conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
This document discusses Meningococcal Meningitis, caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. It describes the different serogroups of N. meningitidis, symptoms of meningococcal disease including meningitis, bacteremia and other focal infections. Risk factors and populations are identified. Diagnosis involves culture, antigen detection and PCR testing of CSF, blood and other fluids. Treatment involves antibiotics like penicillin or third generation cephalosporins. Prevention includes vaccination, especially with conjugate vaccines, isolation of cases and prophylaxis of close contacts. Complications can be severe and include death in 20-30% of cases without treatment.
The document discusses fungal infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Some key points:
1) Fungal infections are a major cause of illness and death in ICU patients. Candida bloodstream infections cause significant mortality in ICUs. Risk factors for ICU patients include use of antibiotics, catheters, and surgery.
2) A study in India found an incidence of 6.51 ICU-acquired candidemia cases per 1,000 admissions. Candida tropicalis was the most common cause (41.6% of cases). Crude mortality was 44.7% and attributable mortality was 19.6%.
3) Studies show non-albicans Candida species are emerging
The document discusses epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Hib diseases in India. It states that India has intermediate endemicity of Hepatitis B with an estimated 4 crore chronic carriers. Most chronic Hepatitis B infections are due to infections during infancy and childhood. It recommends infant immunization with Hepatitis B vaccine to reduce chronic infections and reservoir. Regarding Hib, it estimates over 72,000 deaths annually in India due to Hib diseases like pneumonia and meningitis. Sentinel surveillance is being proposed to establish the disease burden and monitor impact of vaccines.
This editorial discusses the ongoing issue of tetanus in Pakistan. While tetanus has been almost eradicated in developed nations through effective immunization programs, it remains a major problem in Pakistan. Tetanus mortality rates in Pakistan range from 19.3% to 57.69% for non-neonatal cases and 22% to 36.58% for neonatal cases. The editorial calls for a renewed national commitment to address this issue, including establishing a comprehensive national immunization authority and public awareness campaigns to promote vaccination and hygienic practices.
Dr. Theoklis Zaoutis - Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship in the Pediatric Out...John Blue
Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship in the Pediatric Outpatient Setting - Dr. Theoklis Zaoutis, Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Professor of Pediatrics and Epidemiology of the University of Pennsylvania, from the 2014 NIAA Symposium on Antibiotics Use and Resistance: Moving Forward Through Shared Stewardship, November 12-14, 2014, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
Prof. Dr. dr. Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Sp.A(K) - Dengue Vaccine, Does it Really...UlfaPuspitaRachma1
1. Dengue remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, with over 45,000 cases and 432 deaths reported in 2022.
2. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent dengue, but efficacy varies by serotype and concerns remain around vaccine safety, especially antibody-dependent enhancement.
3. Large clinical trials of the first approved dengue vaccine, TAK-003, showed over 80% efficacy against virologically confirmed dengue over 12 months, with a good safety profile. However, efficacy was more variable against different serotypes.
03_Challenge in diagnosis and management of dengue in adults_Dr. Terapong_11 ...surgeon8
This document discusses challenges in diagnosing and managing dengue in adults. It notes that the age of dengue patients in Thailand has been shifting upwards, with more cases now occurring in adults over 15 years old. Adults, especially the elderly and those with comorbidities, are at higher risk of severe dengue disease and death. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distinguishing dengue from COVID-19 has been difficult due to overlapping symptoms. The document emphasizes the importance of improved diagnosis and clinical management for adult dengue patients.
This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous injection of Mycobacterium w (Mw) in treating gram-negative sepsis.
The study involved 30 patients over 18 years of age with gram-negative sepsis and single organ dysfunction. Patients received intravenous Mw injections in addition to standard care. Results showed significant improvements in vital signs, organ function markers, and sepsis severity scores from day 2 onward compared to baseline. No major adverse events occurred.
The study concluded that intravenous Mw appears to be a well-tolerated and effective adjuvant treatment for gram-negative sepsis when added to standard care, as demonstrated by improved clinical outcomes. However, larger randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm these findings.
Preventing Invasive meningococcal disease in < 2 year children in IndiaGaurav Gupta
Preventing Invasive meningococcal disease in < 2 year children in India. Use of MCV 4 (Menactra).
Chandigarh March 2018. Incidence of IMD in India, and safety and efficacy of MCV4 vaccination
This study examined the carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) in healthy children aged 1-15 years in Khartoum State, Sudan in 2017. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from 824 children using cluster sampling. PCR testing found an overall Nm carriage rate of 18.1%, with rates of 18.2% in children under 5 and 23.5% in children 5-15 years old. This was considered a high carriage rate even during the non-seasonal period, and children 5-15 years had a higher rate than those under 5. The results provide information on Nm transmission that can help control meningococcal epidemics in Sudan.
This document summarizes research on vaccination in children with chronic diseases. It discusses issues with influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations in high-risk groups. It reviews studies examining the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in various chronic conditions like asthma, cancer, and immunosuppression. It also discusses gaps in knowledge around the impact of influenza in different at-risk groups and the need for more data on vaccine immunogenicity, safety and efficacy in each high-risk population. The document emphasizes the importance of recommending influenza vaccination for children with chronic diseases and implementing strategies to increase vaccination coverage.
Synflorix what’s new in preventing pneumococcal disease (feb 2012)Gaurav Gupta
The document discusses pneumococcal disease and the latest data on pneumococcal strains in India. It provides an introduction to pneumococcal disease and outlines the significant disease burden in India, particularly from pneumonia. It summarizes several studies on pneumococcal serotypes prevalent in India, finding that serotypes 1, 5, and 7 are major causes of invasive pneumococcal disease. The document also discusses Non-Typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) as a pathogen in otitis media. It provides details on a recent dual pathogen vaccine for S. pneumoniae and NTHi that could help address the combined disease burden from these pathogens.
PERTUSSIS PROTECTION - CURRENT SCHEDULES IN EUROPEWAidid
Slide set by Professor Susanna Esposito, president WAidid, presented at the 3rd ESCMID Conference on Vaccines, held in Lisbon (Portugal), 6- 8 March 2015. Learn more: http://goo.gl/8GUwwL
The document discusses adult immunization, including defining immunization and providing rationales for adult immunization programs. It reviews the disease burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in the US and India and provides recommendations for adult immunization schedules in both countries. Challenges to adult immunization are also discussed.
1) The document discusses video directly observed therapy (VDOT) for tuberculosis treatment monitoring as an alternative to in-person directly observed therapy (DOT).
2) Several studies on VDOT found high adherence rates, high patient and provider satisfaction, and cost savings compared to in-person DOT. However, VDOT requires consistent internet connectivity.
3) Larger VDOT studies in multiple cities found adherence rates averaged 87-93% and cost savings of 20-46% compared to in-person DOT. Factors like country of birth, time on VDOT, and ease of use impacted adherence.
Dr vijay pneumococcal disease prevention in older adults 2020vkatbcd
The document provides details about Dr. Vijay K. Agrawal including his credentials and positions held. It also includes two disclosure statements indicating that Dr. Agrawal does not have any financial interests or arrangements that could be perceived as a conflict of interest. The rest of the document appears to be a slide presentation on pneumococcal disease.
Zyvac TCV - The Indian Typhoid Conjugate VaccineGaurav Gupta
The document discusses a new typhoid conjugate vaccine called Zyvac-TCV developed by Zydus Vaccines. It provides details of a phase II/III clinical trial conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Zyvac-TCV compared to another licensed typhoid conjugate vaccine. The results showed that Zyvac-TCV was non-inferior in inducing seroconversion and had a comparable safety profile. No serious adverse events were reported for either vaccine. The document concludes that Zyvac-TCV met the immunogenicity and safety endpoints for efficacy.
Similar to Meningococcal vaccination needed in india july 2016 (20)
Impact of Social Media on Mental Health.pptxGaurav Gupta
## Social Media: The Ups and Downs for Young Minds
**Uncover the impact of social media on children's mental health.**
This presentation explores the complex relationship between social media and the developing minds of children. We'll delve into:
* **The positive connections:** How social media fosters friendships, self-expression, and access to information.
* **The potential pitfalls:** Increased anxiety, depression, body image issues, and cyberbullying.
* **Strategies for healthy use:** Explore practical tips for parents and educators to promote safe and balanced social media habits in children.
**Equip yourself with the knowledge to guide young people in navigating the social media landscape.**
Good evening everyone, and thank you for joining me today. Today we’ll be exploring the impact of social media on the mental health of children and adolescents. Social media is an undeniable part of our lives, and pediatricians are in a unique position to guide parents and children in navigating this digital landscape.
How AI will transform Pediatric Practice - Feb 2024Gaurav Gupta
Creating a concise and compelling summary for a SlideShare presentation on "How AI Will Transform Pediatric Practice" involves highlighting key points that emphasize AI's potential benefits, challenges, and future implications in pediatric healthcare. Here's a structured summary that could be effectively used in your SlideShare:
---
**Title: Transforming Pediatric Practice: The Role of AI**
**Introduction:**
- Briefly introduce the current state of pediatric practice, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment, and efficient healthcare delivery.
- Introduce Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a transformative tool in medicine, with a focus on pediatrics.
**AI's Impact on Diagnostics:**
- Highlight how AI algorithms enhance diagnostic accuracy in pediatric care, enabling early detection of diseases through pattern recognition in imaging, genomics, and clinical data.
- Discuss case studies where AI has successfully identified pediatric conditions earlier and more accurately than traditional methods.
**Personalized Treatment Plans:**
- Explain how AI contributes to the development of personalized medicine in pediatrics, considering the unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors of each child.
- Provide examples of AI systems recommending customized treatment protocols and monitoring disease progression in real-time.
**Operational Efficiency and Patient Care:**
- Illustrate AI's role in streamlining administrative tasks, scheduling, and patient flow, allowing healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care.
- Discuss AI-powered virtual health assistants and chatbots that provide 24/7 support and guidance to caregivers, answering questions and offering advice based on medical guidelines.
**Challenges and Ethical Considerations:**
- Address the challenges of integrating AI into pediatric practice, including data privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for robust training data.
- Discuss the importance of balancing AI tools with human oversight to ensure compassionate and empathetic patient care.
**The Future of AI in Pediatrics:**
- Envision a future where AI not only supports clinical decision-making but also predicts health outcomes, identifies potential public health crises, and contributes to global pediatric health research.
- Highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in developing AI tools that are ethical, equitable, and truly beneficial for child health.
**Conclusion:**
- Summarize the transformative potential of AI in pediatric practice, emphasizing its role in enhancing healthcare delivery, improving patient outcomes, and paving the way for innovative treatment approaches.
- Call to action for healthcare professionals, researchers, and technologists to collaborate in harnessing the power of AI for the betterment of pediatric healthcare.
Latest GINA guidelines for Asthma & COVIDGaurav Gupta
What are the changes from 2019 onwards till 2022, in the GINA guidelines for developing countries like India.
Includes COVID guidelines and also a FUN QUIZ !
Talk about why these guidelines have changed - use of ICS - formoterol combination for treating even intermittent asthma
Dr Naveen Kini, Pediatrician from Bengaluru talks about WHAT is podcasting, HOW we can listen to podcasts, WHY doctors should create podcasts and much more. Co-hosted with Dr Gaurav Gupta. In arrangement with dIAP and CMIC. This is PART 1 - we discuss how to create a simple free & easy podcast in part 2 - check the presentation on slideshare under my account
Podcast creation for doctors (Pediatricians)Gaurav Gupta
To create a doctor podcast, one must first develop a clear concept focused on a specific medical area of interest. Then, choose an attention-grabbing name related to the topic and register the podcast on major platforms like Apple Podcasts and Spotify to reach a wide audience. Basic recording equipment like a computer and quality microphone are sufficient to produce clear audio. Promoting the podcast through one's website, social media, and practice's blog is key to growing the listener base.
Prevention of influenza in relation to COVID 19 - the TWINDEMICGaurav Gupta
What is the concern about the TWINDEMIC of COVID 19 & Influenza?
My talk on the digital IAP platform in Dec 2020 for the pediatricians across the country
Helping doctors avoid COVID in their Office PracticeGaurav Gupta
Tips for doctors and their patients to avoid Coronavirus during OPD practice in India. From a Pediatrician's perspective. How can we take supplements prophylactic medicines like Vit D, Vit C, Zinc, etc. and medicines like HCQ or Ivermectin to prevent COVID during seeing patients in our practice.
Digital eye strain - Computer vision syndrome for students during Online clas...Gaurav Gupta
Dr. Poonam Gupta, Eye Specialist from Charak Clinics, Mohali, talks with Aakash Institute about Computer vision syndrome, Digital Vision Syndrome, Eye fatigue in students doing online classes during the lockdown. How to prevent it and treat with with simple steps including the 20-20-20 rule etc.
Prevenar e cme june 2020 & FAQs & COVID Clinic QuestionsGaurav Gupta
Lockdown E-CME & Webinars - this one is on Pfizer vaccine - Prevenar,
We have also discussed the common questions on Pneumonia & how to run clinical practice during COVID shutdown
Digital waste management pedicon 2020 Indore, preconference workshopGaurav Gupta
What is important and relevant about Digital waste management pedicon 2020 Indore, preconference workshop. How to dispose of your printers, computers, mobile phones, relevant to India
How to Advertise yourself with simple office tools PEDICON 2020 Indore workshop 8 jan, 2020. How to use whatsapp, blogs, youtube facebook to advertise yourself online
Dr. Gaurav Gupta - Should you be buying an E-bike this Diwali?
Dr RP Bansal- Feeding difficulties in the newborn
Dr Nivedita- Tips on how to Continue Breast Feeding
Dr Ridhi- Teething tips
Dr Arushi - First afebrile seizure
Dr Amit - Mesentric lymphadenopathy
Dr Gunjan - Acute events following immunization plus update on BCG adenitis
Dr Sandip Jain- Tips for examining children
Dr Diljot - Mefenemic acid as an antipyretic
Dr Jaskaran- colicky infant : knowledge , attitude and practices
Dr Shailesh - School se chutti kitne din karayein ?
Dr Gaurav- Is it oral Herpes? Visual Quiz
At the four front of flu vaccination - Quadrivalent Flu Vaccination in India ...Gaurav Gupta
Is flu vaccination needed in India? Is there any benefits of Quadrivalent Flu vaccination over Trivalent Flu vaccination? Any safety & efficacy data about Vaxiflu 4 by Zydus Vaccines. All discussed in a Presentation in Panchkula, in September 2019
Meningococcal disease sep 2019 National Epidemiology & Indian recommendationsGaurav Gupta
This document discusses meningococcal disease in India, including past outbreaks, current epidemiology and surveillance data, and recommendations for vaccination. It notes that while India has a poor surveillance system and diagnostic challenges, meningococcal disease is present and the country has seen outbreaks every 6-8 years. Surveillance data from 2012-2016 shows several states regularly report over 100 cases annually. Current recommendations from the Indian Academy of Pediatrics advise vaccination for high-risk groups, international travelers, and Hajj/African meningitis belt pilgrims. While antibiotics can treat the disease, vaccination is an effective prevention strategy given unknowns around antibiotic resistance and underdiagnosis.
Japanese encephalitis - Sep 2019 India epidemiology - Is vaccination needed?Gaurav Gupta
1) Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral disease spread by mosquitoes that is endemic in many parts of Asia and the Pacific. India reports the highest number of JE cases annually, with an estimated actual number between 15,000-20,000 cases per year.
2) JE vaccination is the most important preventive measure according to WHO and IAP guidelines. The national vaccination program in India recommends routine vaccination with two doses of JE vaccine for children up to 15 years of age in endemic areas.
3) While mosquito and pig control efforts have not proven reliable at controlling JE, vaccination is currently the single most effective public health approach for prevention in India given the disease burden.
Research in pediatrician office - my story! NORC Aug 2019 New DelhiGaurav Gupta
Presented in NORC - Aug 2019 - National Original Research convention, discussion of Flu like illnesses and the Flu vaccination and drug utilization reviews and prescription audits and various other original research presented and published by Dr. Gaurav Gupta in his years of clinical practice, including yellow fever, Complementary medicines, drug costs and prescriptions analysis
What nelson forgot 4 - Super CME for Common Pediatric OPD questionsGaurav Gupta
What nelson forgot 4 - Super CME for Common Pediatric OPD questions, 12th July 2019
Common Office practice questions, answered in just 5-10 minutes per topic ...
The document discusses various topics related to pediatric practice including treatment of capillary hemangioma, seborrheic dermatitis in infants, drugs for nocturnal enuresis, anthropometry in children under 2 years, geographic tongue, acute limp in children, adenoids, role of intranasal steroids in children, role of Tamiflu in pediatric OPD practice, and categories and dosing of Tamiflu for influenza.
Rotavirus vaccine - Rotateq- Does Valency Matter North Zone Pedicon oct 2018Gaurav Gupta
Rotavirus vaccine - Rotateq- Does Valency Matter North Zone Pedicon oct 2018 - talk taken in the holy city of amritsar as a part of the First NZ pedicon for IAP. Discussed the differences and benefits of Rotavirus vaccines that are available in India including Rotateq, Rotarix, Rotavac Rotasure and Rotasiil
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
4. Overview
• What makes IMD unique?
• Do we have reliable Indian data about IMD?
• Does the vaccine work?
• When should we use vaccine? What guidelines are
available?
9. Highest disease
incidence in epidemics1
•10 to >1000 per
100,000 persons1
•800,000 cases in 20-
year period1
•Marked seasonality2
Most commonly caused
by serogroup A;
10% – 50% case fatality
rates1
Most regions endemic for
meningococcal disease
includes countries where
Yellow-fever vaccination
certificate is required for
travelers
Libya
Tunisia
Algeria
Morocco
Western Sahara
Guinea Bissau
Mauritania
Egypt
Chad
Niger
Eritrea
Sudan
Central African
Republic
Nigeria
Mali
Senegal
Liberia
Togo
Cameroon
Ethiopia
Somalia
DjiboutiGambia
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Ivory
Coast
Benin
DR of Congo
Uganda
Gabon
Kenya
Burkina
Ghana Equatorial
Guinea
Congo
Rwanda
Tanzania
Mozambique
Angola
Zambia
Burundi
Malawi
MadagascarBotswana
Zimbabwe
Namibia
South Africa
Lesotho
Swaziland
Endemic Region
1 Control of epidemic meningococcal disease: WHO practical guidelines. 2nd ed (WHO/EMC/BAC/98.3).
http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/meningitis/whoemcbac983.pdf
2 Meningitis Vaccine Project. http://www.meningvax.org/illo-meningbelt-cycle.htm
3 Report of a WHO Consultation (WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2002.1). http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_CDS_CSR_GAR_2002.1.pdf:
Sub-Saharan Africa
10. Why is Meningococcal Disease
Unique?
• High CFR
• Short Incubation Period
• Limitations of diagnostic tools
11. Top 5 diseases with highest CFR
1. Rabies
2. JE
3. AES
4. Meningococcal Meningitis
5. Neonatal Tetanus
12. Diseases with High Case Fatality Rates in India1,
2014 (Provisional)
4th Highest CFR
(Disease with CFR
>1)
1. National Health Profile data, India 2015
2. D. Sinclair et al. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2010;15(12):1421-35
3. V Manchanda et al. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006;24(1): 7-19
13. Case Series from 10 Children’s Hospitals
Sequelae
distribution
among
survivors
n = 146
Mortality
n = 159
Percent of
patients
1.4
2.1
2.8
6.2
9.6
9.6
4.8
21.2
8.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Amputation
Hemiplegia
Ataxia
Seizures
Skin Necrosis
Hearing Loss
≤11 Years (n=126)
≥11 Years (n=33)
Overall
Kaplan SL, et al. Pediatrics. 2006;118:e979
Percent of patients
13|
Meningococcal Disease: Death and Disability
14. Critical need for diagnosis as early as possible
• The younger, the faster disease progression:
• Median time between onset of symptoms and hospital admission:
≤22 hours1
• aged 15 to 16 years 22 hours1
• aged 5 to 14 years 20 hours1
• aged 1 to 4 years 14 hours1
• younger than 1 year 13 hours1
1Thompson et al. Lancet. 2006; 367(9508)
Narrow Time-Window Between Progression
from Initial Symptoms to Death
15. • Meningococcal meningitis clinically indistinguishable from meningitis due to
other bacteria. Non-blanching petechial rash is present in only a few cases. 1.
• 110 cases of IMD in Meghalaya Jan 08 –June 09 during an outbreak 2
• In the same study, meningococcal meningitis was seen in 61.8% of cases,
meningococcemia in 20 %. 18.2% had both.
1. Nelson text book of Pediatrics. 19th Ed. 2. Hazarika RD et al, Indian J Pediatr 2012 doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0855-0
100
56.4 53.6
23.6
9.1 6.4
0
50
100
Fever Headache Vomiting Rashes Seizures Deaths
Clinicalprofileof 110 cases of IMD
%
Diagnostic Limitations
16. Detection rates of Hib, Pneumococcus & IMD by
Culture, Latex agglutination and PCR
~80%
reduction
1.7X
8.3X
0.8X
4.6X
1.6X
6X
Mehmet Ceyhan et al. A Prospective Study of Etiology of Childhood Acute Bacterial Meningitis, Turkey. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 14,
No. 7, July 2008
(For all 3 organism)
18. • Endemic Disease – Low background incidence, more common in
dry regions of North India.
• Epidemics – 20 year cycles previously, now increasing frequency
• Disease occurs in dry season monsoon low recurs next year
• Serogroup A majorly responsible for endemic and epidemics
• Some reports of B, C & W serotypes
• Surveillance:
• Notifiable disease under Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)
• Part of IAP ‘ID Surv’ program under acute bacterial meningitis
1. D. Sinclair et al. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2010;15(12):1421-35 2. Manchanda V et al. Indian J Med
Microbiol 2006;24(1): 7-19 3. Aggarwal M. Indian Pediatrics 2013;50: 601-3
Epidemiology in India
21. • Pyogenic meningitis - 3.3% of
acute admissions
• N meningitidis Isolation : 1.9 %
(0.6-23.4%)
• Variable sample size (n=30-385)
and involved children < 12 years
of age.
• No organism identified in a large
proportion of patients (often with
significant mortality).
TAMIL NADU
• Achar & Rao (1953): 12.2%
• Ahmed et al (1964): 2%
• Deivanayagam (1993): 1%
DELHI
• Paul (1963): 6.3%
• Bhaumik (1998): 20%
• Jain et al (2000): 18.8%
UTTAR PRADESH
• Srivastava et al (1968): 3%
• Kalra and Dayal (1977): 5.1%
GUJARAT
• Gandhi (1969): 16.7%
• Javadekar et al. (1997): 8%
• Deivanayagam (1993): 1%
ANDHRA PRADESH
• Achar & Rao (1953): 12.2%
• Ahmed et al (1964): 2%
• Deivanayagam (1993): 1%
MADHYA PRADESH
• Tamaskar and Bhandari (1976): 14.3%
CHANDIGARH
• Ayyagari et al. (1980): 0.6%
• Singhi et al. (2002b): 4.3%
• Singhi et al. (2004): 1.1%
ORISSA
• Suvarna Devi et al (1982): 4.3%
MAHARASHTRA
• Pal and Sant (1982): 23.4%
• Chinchankar et al. (2002): 1.9%
KERALA
• Vincent et al. (1987): 15.7%
KARNATAKA
• Shivaprakash et al (2004): 1%
• Mani et al. (2007): 1%
• Shameem et al. (2008): 7.6%
D. Sinclair et al. Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in India. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2010
The proportion of Neisseria meningitidis isolates in case series
of endemic bacterial meningitis
Prevalence & Distribution of Neisseria
meningitidis isolates during ENDEMIC periods
22. 21 22
8
14
44
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
No organism identified
in
720 / 852 cases
Numberofcultureconfirmedcases
Bacterial Meningitis in hospitalized patients
An IJP Survey in 6 Indian tertiary care hospitals
S.K. Kabra et al. Bacterial Meningitis in India : An IJP Survey. Indian J Pediatr 1991; 58 : 505-511
23. Year Location Suspected cases Deaths
1966-67 Delhi 616 129
1985-88 Delhi 6133 799
1985-88 Maharashtra 1573
1985-87 Surat 197 34
2005-09 Delhi 1725 -
2008 Meghalaya ~2000 ~ 200
2009 Tripura ~ 200 ~ 50
D. Sinclair et al. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2010;15(12):1421-35; V Manchanda et al. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006;24(1): 7-19; CD Alert.
Prevalence & Distribution of Neisseria
meningitidis isolates during EPIDEMICS
25. A Not all vaccines are licensed for use in every country
1Novartis Vaccines. Menjugate® [PI]. 2013; 2Pfizer. Meningitec® [PI]. 2011; 3GSK. NeisVac-C® [Product Monograph]. 2015; 4GSK Australia Menitorix® [PI]. 2014;
5Serum Institute of India. MenAfriVac® [PI] 6Sanofi Pasteur.Menactra [PI]. 2014; 7Novartis Vaccines.Menveo [PI]. 2013; 8GSK UK. Nimenrix® [Product Monograph].
2015; 9Sanofi Pasteur. Meningo A+C® [Public assessment report]. 2013; 10GSK Australia. Mencevax® [PI]. 2014; 11Sanofi Pasteur.Menomune® [PI]. 2013;
12GSK. MenHibrix® [PI]. 2013.
Conjugate Vaccines
Carrier
Protein1-8,12
Menjugate MenC CRM197
Meningite
c
MenC CRM197
NeisVac-C MenC TT
Menitorix MenC-Hib TT
MenAfriV
ac
MenA TT
Menactra
MenACY
W
DT
Menveo
MenACY
W
CRM197
Nimenrix
MenACY
W
TT
MenHibri
x
MenCY-
Hib
TT
Polysaccharide Vaccines9-11
Meningo A+C MenAC
Mencevax MenACWY
Menomune MenACWY
Quadrimeningo MenACWY
Bimeningo MenAC
Worldwide Available Meningococcal
Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines
26. Property
Polysaccha
ride
Conjugate
Effective in infants No Yes
Immune memory No Yes
Prolonged duration of protection No Yes
Booster effect No Yes
Reduction of carriage No Yes
Contributes to herd effect No Yes
Hyporesponsiveness with repeated
dosing
Yes No
1Khatami & Pollard. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2010;9(3); 2Granoff. In: Vaccines. 6th ed. 2013: chapter 21.
Comparison of Polysaccharide and Conjugate
Vaccines
27. 1Erlich & Congeni. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8(8)
While some diseases, such as hep B, do not require high circulating antibodies because of their slow
pathogenesis , innate immunity and high levels of protective circulating antibodies are the primary
immune defenses against rapidly progressing diseases such as IMD.
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
Bacterium Enters Body
Meningococcus incubation 3-4 days
(average)
Meningococcal Disease Onset
Innate Immunity and Circulating Antibodies
Primary source of protection
Immune Memory
Reactivation may take > 5 days
Maintaining Protective Levels of Circulating Antibodies by
Vaccination is Necessary for Clinical Protection Against
IMD
28. Phase III Indian trial with MenACWY-DT
% ≥ 4-fold rise in GMT measured by SBA-B
Sangeeta Yadav et al. Indian Pediatrics June 2014, Volume 51, Issue 6, pp 451-456
29. RL Castelblanco et al. The Lancet Infectious Diseases Volume 14, Issue 9, September 2014, Pages 813–819
Meningitis trends for different bacteria in US, 1997 to
2010
*P values calculated on the basis of the comparison betwee
& 2010
30. Hospitalizations(n)
Bivalent
(A/C)
Monovalent (group C)
Year
Quadrivalent
(A/C/Y/W-135)
1Adapted from Defraites. MSMR. 2000;6; 2Broderick. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(9)
IncidenceRate(per100,000person-years)
Bars indicate hospitalization frequencies; line indicates rates
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Vaccinating US Military Recruits Since 1971 Has Reduced
the Incidence of Meningococcal Disease by >90%1,2
31. • 69% overall effectiveness at 6 years post vaccination in
adolescents 13 to 17 years of age (95% CI=50%–81%)1
Time Since
Vaccination
Estimate of Vaccine
Effectiveness 95% CI
<1 year 82% 54%–93%
1 to <2 years 80% 52%–92%
2 to <3 years 71% 34%–87%
3 to <6 years 59% 5%–83%
Preliminary adolescent case control data (157 cases; 180 controls—August 2012) show vaccine effectiveness wanes
over time1
1Cohn. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62(RR2)
Vaccine Remains Effective in Adolescents up to 6
Years Postimmunization in US
32. • The Kaiser Permanente study - 2005-2006 among >30,000 members
o Conclusion: “We did not identify any serious, clinically meaningful safety
concerns”
• The Harvard study involved 12.5 million adolescents who received 1.4 million
doses from 2005-2008
o Conclusion: MenACYW-DT vaccine “was not associated with increased
GBS risk”
• The Vaccine Safety Datalink study - additional 0.9 million doses among
adolescents and confirmed and extended the preceding results, providing
further assurance regarding the safety of MenACYW-DT vaccine.
1Zhang. ID Week 2012, Abstract #378, San Diego, October 18, 2012; 2Valentgas. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(12)
3Yih. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2012;21(12);
MenACYW-DT : Post-Licensure Safety Experience
34. 1Daugla. Lancet. 2014;393(99-11)
Incidence of Reported Cases of Meningitis in Chad, 2009–2012
WeeklyIncidenceper100,000
Population
0
Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2009 2010 2011 2012
Vaccinated
Non-vaccinated*
Vaccination
with PsA-TT
*Non-vaccinated: incidence of reported cases of meningitis in districts of epidemic alert in Chad that did not receive the vaccine
Introduction of Men A Conjugate Vaccine (PsA–TT) in Chad
Has Strongly Reduced Disease Incidence and Carriage
37. ACIP Recommendations
1. MMWR, March 22, 2013, Vol 62, #RR02
2. MMWR, June 20, 2014 / 63(24);527-530
• Routine vaccination of adolescents aged 11-18 years
oOne dose at age 11-12 years, with a booster dose at age
16 years.
oMenACWY may be administered up to age 21 years as
Single dose catch-up vaccination for those who have not
received a dose after their 16th birthday
• Routine vaccination not recommended for children aged 2
months-10 years
38. ACIP Recommendations
1. MMWR, March 22, 2013, Vol 62, #RR02
2. MMWR, June 20, 2014 / 63(24);527-530
• Routine vaccination of persons aged ≥2 months at increased
risk for meningococcal disease, including:
o complement component deficiency.
o anatomical or functional asplenia
o healthy infants in communities with a outbreak
o ≥9 months old who travel to hyperendemic or epidemic
countries
• Special populations
39. 1Pollard. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. 2012;chapter 143; 2Bilukha. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26(5); 3MacNeil. In: Manual for the Surveillance of
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. 5th ed. 2012; 4Liphaus. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2013;31(2)
Impaired immune system1,2/
lack of antibodies1
Exposure through close contact with
infected person or the live bacteria
Travelers to endemic areas3
Immunocompromised2
Infants, children1,2 Caregivers3
Personnel working with
N. meningitidis2,3
Crowding1,3,4
(students, military, Hajj,
oil refineries)
At-Risk Populations
40. Current IAP
recommendations
• Current epidemiology does not justify routine use
• High risk recommendation
• Conjugate preferred over polysaccharide
41. IAP recommendations
cont.• Epidemics – Conjugate preferred, Monovalent vaccine
maybe used
• High risk recommendation
o Immune compromised - 2 doses 8 weeks apart
o HCW, lab personnel , contacts – Single dose of MCV4, booster as
appropriate
• International travel
o Study - < 21 years – 1 dose within last 5 years
o Hajj – Quadrivalent vaccine within last 3 years
o Africa – MCV4 preferred, within last 5 years.
42. Global MCV uptake in mass immunization program
USA
Canada
Chile
Brazil African
Meningitis
Belt
12/26 countries
Benin
Ghana
Chad
Ethiopi
a
Gambia
Mali
Cuba
Australia
New
Zealand
Burkina
Faso
Cameroo
n
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Norway
France
Italy
Poland
Germany
Spain
Austria
Belgium
Cyprus
Greece
Ireland
Holland
Liechtenste
in
Luxembour
g
Czech
Republic
Portugal
England
Saudi Arabia
UAE
1. Halil Özdemir et al. J Pediatr Inf 2014; 8: 178-86
2. Kate O'Brien presented in SAGE 22 Oct 2014
38
43. Take Home Message
• IMD is a serious problem
• It exists in India in endemic & epidemic form – limited
data
• MCV is safe & effective & preferred vaccine
• Judicious use of Meningococcal vaccines can help
protect high risk individuals