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MENINGITIS
DESCRIPTION
• Meningitis is inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater of the
brain and spinal cord
• Meningitis is caused by bacterial and viral organisms, although fungal
and protozoal meningitis also occurs
• Predisposing factors include skull fractures, brain or spinal surgery ,
sinus or upper respiratory infections, the use of nasal sprays and
individuals with a compromised immune system
• Cerebrospinal fluid is analyzed to determine the diagnosis and the
type of meningitis
TRANSMISSION
• Transmission is by direct contact, including droplet spread
• Transmission occurs in areas of high population density , crowed
living areas , and prisons
ASSESSMENT
• Mild lethargy
• Memory changes
• Short attention span
• Personality and behavior changes
• Severe headache
• Generlized muscle aches and pains
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills
• Tachycardia
• Deterioration in the level of consciousness
• Photophobia
• Signs of meningeal irritation such as nuchal rigidity and positive Kernig’s sign
and Brudzinski’s sign
• Red macular rash with meningococcal meningitis
• Abdominal and chest pain with viral meningitis
INTERVENTIONS
• Monitor vital signs and neurological signs
• Assess for signs of increased ICP
• Initiate seizure precautions
• Monitor for seizure precautions
• Monitor for signs of meningeal irritation
• Perform cranial nerve assessment
• Assess peripheral vascular status
• Maintain isolation precautions as necessary with bacterial meningitis
• Maintain urine and stool precautions with viral meningitis
• Maintain respiratory isolation for the client with pneumococcal
meningitis
• Elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees, and avoid neck flexion and
extreme hip flexion
• Prevent stimulation and restrict visitors
• Administer analgesics as prescribed
• Administer antibiotics as prescribed

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MENINGITIS.pptx

  • 2. DESCRIPTION • Meningitis is inflammation of the arachnoid and pia mater of the brain and spinal cord • Meningitis is caused by bacterial and viral organisms, although fungal and protozoal meningitis also occurs • Predisposing factors include skull fractures, brain or spinal surgery , sinus or upper respiratory infections, the use of nasal sprays and individuals with a compromised immune system • Cerebrospinal fluid is analyzed to determine the diagnosis and the type of meningitis
  • 3. TRANSMISSION • Transmission is by direct contact, including droplet spread • Transmission occurs in areas of high population density , crowed living areas , and prisons
  • 4. ASSESSMENT • Mild lethargy • Memory changes • Short attention span • Personality and behavior changes • Severe headache • Generlized muscle aches and pains • Nausea and vomiting • Fever and chills • Tachycardia
  • 5. • Deterioration in the level of consciousness • Photophobia • Signs of meningeal irritation such as nuchal rigidity and positive Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign • Red macular rash with meningococcal meningitis • Abdominal and chest pain with viral meningitis
  • 6. INTERVENTIONS • Monitor vital signs and neurological signs • Assess for signs of increased ICP • Initiate seizure precautions • Monitor for seizure precautions • Monitor for signs of meningeal irritation • Perform cranial nerve assessment • Assess peripheral vascular status • Maintain isolation precautions as necessary with bacterial meningitis • Maintain urine and stool precautions with viral meningitis
  • 7. • Maintain respiratory isolation for the client with pneumococcal meningitis • Elevate the head of the bed 30 degrees, and avoid neck flexion and extreme hip flexion • Prevent stimulation and restrict visitors • Administer analgesics as prescribed • Administer antibiotics as prescribed