The document discusses research from multiple studies on gender differences in leadership effectiveness and perception. One study found that when rating their own effectiveness, men tended to rate themselves higher than women, but when rated by others, women were seen as more effective leaders. Another study analyzed feedback from over 450,000 leaders and found that women were viewed as more effective leaders than men. The only area where women did not perform as well was facilities management. Additionally, as women moved up in an organization, they were perceived more positively. The document closes by asking questions about gender differences and discrimination in the workplace.