Men with a mutation that effects microtubules will have a build up of.pdf
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Men with a mutation that effects microtubules will have a build up of fluid in their lungs, and they will be sterile because their sperm cells cannot swim. Why would a defect in microtubules have such different and yet specific effects? Solution Microtubules are filamentous intracellular structures that are responsible for various kinds of movements in all eukaryotic cells. Microtubules are involved in nucleic and cell division, organization of intracellular structure, and intracellular transport, as well as ciliary and flagellar motility.Motile cilia include ependymal cilia in the brain that are responsible for circulating cerebrospinal fluid, and respiratory cilia that move mucus and inhaled particulate matter up and out of the lungs. Following ejaculation, millions of motile sperm use their flagella to swim through the uterus and up into the oviducts. As the sperm cells move through the oviduct, they encounter a flow oriented against their direction of movement generated by oviduct cilia sweeping the ovum from the ovary toward the uterus.After mutation, all these got altered and hence, a defect in microtubules have such different and specific effects..
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we are interested in comparing the mean costs of electrical energy produced by nuclear and coal
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with the two types of plants are sn= $.224 and sc= $ .20.How many plants of each type should be
sampled in order to estimate the difference mean costs with a 95% confidence interval to within
$.01?
Solution
sn = 0.224 and sc = 0.20
Let sample sizes be n1 and n2
SE = 0.224/rtn1 + 0.20/rtn2
Margin of error = z alpha/2 (SE)
For 95% z = 1.96
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Solution
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If compound inhibits cilia growth, what is the molecular mechanism.pdf
If compound inhibits cilia growth, what is the molecular mechanism?
Solution
Cilia and flagella are evolutionarily conserved, membrane-bound, microtubule-based organelles
on the surface of most eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in coordinating a variety of
signaling pathways during growth, development, cell mobility, and tissue homeostasis. Defects
in ciliary structure or function are associated with multiple human disorders called
ciliopathies.Ciliary assembly and maintenance requires a precise balance between two
indispensable processes; so called assembly and disassembly. The interplay between them
determines the length of the resulting cilia. These processes require a highly conserved transport
system to provide the necessary substances at the tips of the cilia and to recycle ciliary turnover
products to the base using a based microtubule intraflagellar transport (IFT) system.
Cilia are specialized surface regions of eukaryotic cells that serve a variety of functions, ranging
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Large corporations may obtain funds for operations and expansion A. through direct finance
when stocks are sold in secondary markets. OB. by reinvesting profits. OC. through direct
finance when loans are made by banks OD. through indirect finance when bonds are sold in
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Solution
1. E
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. E
5. D
7. True
8.E
9. A
10. B
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Java ProgrammingCreate an array of Strings that contains the foll.pdf
Java Programming:
Create an array of Strings that contains the following:
String[] names = { \"Bill\", \"Mike\", \"Joe\", \"Dave\", \"Sam\", \"Mary\", \"George\",
\"Lucy\" }
In your main program, search the array and display all of the elements that begin with \'M\'.
Solution
NamesSearch.java
public class NamesSearch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] names = { \"Bill\", \"Mike\", \"Joe\", \"Dave\", \"Sam\", \"Mary\", \"George\",
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when stocks are sold in secondary markets. OB. by reinvesting profits. OC. through direct
finance when loans are made by banks OD. through indirect finance when bonds are sold in
secondary markets. E. all of the above.
Solution
1. E
2. D
3. A
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By,
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String[] names = { \"Bill\", \"Mike\", \"Joe\", \"Dave\", \"Sam\", \"Mary\", \"George\",
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Solution
NamesSearch.java
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public static void main(String[] args) {
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Compare and contrast personal orientation and performance orientation.
Solution
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emotionally and spirutually. it speaks about a persons personality and character.
on the other hand performance orientation considers developmental angle of a human being.
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organisation is rewarding his performance. in simple words performance orientation speaks
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How can the ItemListener interface be used to handle input from radi.pdf
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Solution
The radio button fires an ActionEvent whenever the user clicks on it, even if the radio button is
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(selected or deselected)
ItemListener interface can be used to fire event on radio button.
radioButton.addItemListener(new ItemListener() {
@Override
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DNA replicates conservatively, Semiconservatively, liberally, by hyb.pdf
DNA replicates conservatively, Semiconservatively, liberally, by hybridization by congression.
A bacterial artificial chromosome is a vector with centromeres, telameres, and an origin of
replication. with centromeres and an origin of replication derived from a plasmid with an origin
of replication. derived from a plasmid with a centromere, derived from a complete bacterial
chromosome. The central dogma of molecular biology is____________ rightarrow
___________ rightarrow ___________ Which of the following correctly represents the
distinction between the terms \"genotype\" and \"phenotype\"? Phenotype is the genetic
composition of an organism, while genotype is the physical appearance. There is no difference
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The genotype is the genetic composition of an organism, whereas the phenotype is its physical
appearance.
Solution
5. b) semiconservatively
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strands sepearate. A new strand is added to each one of them and thus we get two new double
stranded DNA strands with one old strand and one new strand. Hence it is called Semi-
conservative.
6. c) Derived from plasmid with an origin of replication.
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and maintain itself. However unlike actual chromosome it does not contain centromers or
telomeres. Hence answer is option C.
7. DNA --> RNA --> Protein
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is later Translated with the help of ribosomes into proteins. Athough there is another transition
exists in which RNA is converted back to DNA, which is called reverse transcription ( Not
mentioned in the question ).
8. d) The genotype is the genetic compostion of an organism, whereas the phenotype is its
physical appearance.
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Describe the pathway of blood as it flows from the Right atrium to the Coronary circulation.
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Solution
The Coronary veins empty the deoxygenated blood from myocardium capillaries into the
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A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in the positive direction of a.pdf
A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in the positive direction of an x axis in vacuum has
components E_x = E_y = 0 and E_z = (4.2 V/m) cos[(pi times 10^15 s^-1)(t - x/c)]. What is the
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Information T
Solution
B = E/c
=> Bx = By = 0 ( as Ex, Ey = 0 )
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1What type of disk does each of the following represents devhd.pdf
1:What type of disk does each of the following represents ?
/dev/hd
/dev/sd
/dev/ed
/dev/xd
Solution
In Linux/unix operating sytem, memory is organised in different ways.
/dev/hd for IDE disks
The storage devices on the computer system along with
mohterboard for storage.
/dev/sd for SCSI disks
SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) is a set of parallel interface
standard for attaching printers disk drives, scanners etc and
other pheripheral devices to the computers.
/dev/ed for ESDI disks
ESDI disk operates on 16 bit AT BUS .
This doubles the transfer speed between hard disk
and controller/bus.It supports the feature of disk
with sector that identifies number of the tracks and cylinders.
/dev/xd for XT disks.
1. When did Industrial Revolution happen What is the most important.pdf
1. When did Industrial Revolution happen? What is the most important machine tools invented at
that time?
Solution
1.
One of the most important and productive periods of history was the Industrial Revolution. Many
of the inventions made during this time make our everyday life possible.
The Industrial Revolution was the phase of time through the 18th and 19th centuries when the
face of industry altered dramatically. These change had a tremendous and long durable impact on
the economy of the world and the life of the common person.
There were hundreds of inventions during this point time.
Below are a few of the majority important piece of equipment tools invented
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny in 1764. This appliance allowed employees to
spin more wool at one moment in time to a great extent increasing efficiency. This invention was
necessary for the industrialization of the cloth industry.
Steam Engine
James Watt created the primary truly dependable steam engine in 1775. additional, less efficient
models had been industrial in the 1600s. Watt’s account included a crankshaft and mechanism
and is the base for modern vapor engines. This creation made locomotive and a lot of of the
textile machinery possible.
Power Loom
Edmund Cartwright made-up the control loom in 1785. It radically changed the method cloth
was woven by creation it much easier. It would obtain almost one more fifty years and several
alteration by other inventors before it would turn out to be commonly used.
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney patented the yarn gin in 1794. previous to the creation of the yarn gin, cotton seed
had to be detached from the yarn fiber by hand. This detection made yarn a much more profitable
yield for farmers. With this discovery, many extra farmers curved to cotton as their chief crop,
very much increasing the quantity of cotton plantation in the South. These mounting farms
required cheap labor, which also resulted in an enlarged use of African slaves.
Telegraph
F. B. Morse bowed the telegraph in 1836. This discovery distorted the face of message. Instant
message became possible stuck between the east and west coasts and allowable people to know
what was occurrence almost as it happened. This would transform media and personal message.
Sewing Machine
Elias Howe shaped the sewing appliance in 1844. This everlastingly distorted the way clothes
were made and allowable the mass manufacture of clothes. Before this it was most ordinary for
women to make all of the clothing for their families. Only the very well-to-do could have enough
money to have a tailor or seamstress make tradition clothing of the latest style. It was later better
upon and original by Isaac Singer in 1855.
Internal Combustion Engine
Jean Lenoir made-up the internal ignition engine in 1858. finally this engine was used in mass
transport.
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell shaped the telephone in 1876. The telephone more improved interactions
and eventually led to the a mix.
A model showing a hypothesized signaling pathway for shmoo formation.pdf
A model showing a hypothesized signaling pathway for shmoo formation in yeast Fus3 kinase
and formin proteins are generally distributed evenly throughout a yeast cell.
. Based on the model in the diagram, why does the shmoo projection emerge on the same side of
the cell that bound the mating factor?
The only formin molecules that get phosphorylated and thus activated are those near the G
protein-coupled receptor that binds mating factor.
All of the Fus3 kinase and formin molecules in the cell become activated by binding of mating
factor, but the actin strands form only on the side toward the potential mate.
The G protein-coupled mating factor receptors are located on only one side of the cell, and that is
where the signal transduction occurs to initiate shmoo formation.
Solution
True hypothesis: C. The G protein-coupled mating factor receptors are located on only one side
of the cell, and that is where the signal transduction occurs to initiate shmoo formation.
Explanation:
It is because the mating factor activates a signaling pathway in which formin builds a long
microfilament on the inside of the cell that pushes the Shmoo projection outwards.
Signaling pathway for shmoo formation in yeast:
Step 1: Mating factor activates receptor.
Step 2: G protein binds to GTP and became activated.
Step 3: Phosporylation cascade activated Fus 3, which moves the plasma membrane.
Step 4: Fus 3 Phosporylates formin and activates it.
Step 5: fomin initiate growth of microfilament that for the shmoo formation.
False hypothesis:
A. The only formin molecules that get phosphorylated and thus activated are those near the G
protein-coupled receptor that binds mating factor.
Explanation: Phosporylation taken placed in step 2, 3 and 5. So only formin molecules
phosphorylation is wrong hypothesis.
B. All of the Fus3 kinase and formin molecules in the cell become activated by binding of
mating factor, but the actin strands form only on the side toward the potential mate.
Explanation: Step 1 is a initiation step, in which mating factor binds to G protein..
Because of the close co-movement between the budget deficit and the .pdf
Because of the close co-movement between the budget deficit and the current account deficit, the
two are often referred to as “twin deficits”. Explain in detail how an increase in the budget deficit
that is due to an increase in government spending (not matched with an increase in taxes) will
generate a current account deficit. Clearly explain the role of the interest rate and the exchange
rate for the link between the budget deficit and the current account deficit. B) Describe the
various factors that investors take into account when operating in the context of an open
economy and discuss, in detail, how each of these factors affects their decisions to invest
domestically or abroad. Give examples to illustrate your answers.
Solution
A)
A common view held by economists is that an increasing current account deficit indicates that a
nation is “living beyond its means” – with excessive domestic demand boosting imports and
fuelling inflation, which undermines the competitiveness of the nation and restricts exports.
They point to the fact that the current account deficit is a measure of the nation’s overseas
borrowing. So for each quarter that the economy is in external deficit, its stock of foreign
liabilities increase. These liabilities can be in the form of debt or equity participation in local
firms.
Following this logic, an increasing current account deficit indicates that local consumption and
investment is becoming increasingly dependent on the whims of foreign lenders.
They also argue that there is a strong and direct relationship between the national economy’s
current account balance and its government budget balance and can become twinned” – that is,
move together dollar-for-dollar. This is the twin deficit hypothesis.
The hypothesis is based on national accounting relationships that can be used to show that a
current account deficit measures the difference between total domestic (public and private)
saving and investment.
This viewpoint considers “national” saving to be the sum of private saving and budget surpluses
and total investment to be the sum of private and public capital formation. Accordingly, if the
budget moves into deficit, they consider national saving to have fallen and/or national investment
to have risen, depending on whether the rise in the deficit is driven by public consumption or
investment spending.
Accordingly, other things equal, an increase in the budget deficit will result in a rise in the
current account account deficit
Further, if the nation has an increasing budget deficit, it is to be increasingly dependent on the
foreign purchases of its debt to supplement domestic savers’ purchases of government debt.
So both a rising budget deficit and rising current account deficit indicate an increased reliance on
foreign debt purchases, which according to this viewpoint renders the domestic economy
vulnerable to unexpected and sudden changes in economic fortunes. Proponents of this
viewpoint suggest that the risk of t.
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C | | GATE. Candidate Site httpsgate aon.com Candidate Step ReturnTo Yew Faverites loots
Help Alpha Company Individual Employee Report for Sheila in Q2 Alpha Company Employee
Productivity Results Breakdown by Types of Services Services Basic A Q3 forecast Basic B
Upgrade A Upgrade B Deluxe A DeluxeB Maurice Rotvan Shel What was the percentage
decrease in Juan\'s revenue from Q1 to Q2? 2% 5% 10% 11% Clear Answer * 20%
Solution
% decrease in Juna\'s revenue from Q1 to Q2 is equal to
=(18-20)/20
which is equal to
=10%.
Your assignment is to discuss what is going on in this graph. Describ.pdf
Your assignment is to discuss what is going on in this graph. Describe the relationship between
the soil, the roots, and leaves as they pertain to water movement. I expect you to discuss these
changes in terms of changes in water potential, diurnal fluctuations in activity, the nature of
water integral the soil, and what is driving the changes in water potential.
Solution
The graph represents water pontential of soil, root (xylem) and leaf (mesophyll cells). Initially,
the soil is wet which dries out with time and the soil water potential becomes more negative; at
this point it is called as soil water tension also. The value -15 bar represents the wilting point
which is the soil water content at which wilting of leaf can not be recovered upon watering.
Roots also serve to remove the water from theirt adjacent surrounding soil particles and thereby
lower down the water content (soil water potential) in that zone. The larger surface area of root
hairs changes the osmotic pressure in the roots and allows the water to enter the roots down the
potential gradiant. The water moves up in the xylem down the potential gradiant. For the
purpose, capillary action moves the water droplet up in the xylem. Mesophyll water potential is
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Why do plants need secondary growth O To produce new leaves O To pro.pdf
Why do plants need secondary growth? O To produce new leaves O To produce a more
extensive root system To provide structural support for the plant O To grow taller Submit My
Answers Give Up Part F Which of the following parts of a plant remains on the plant even after
several years of growth? O Epidermis O Cortex O Primary xylem Primary phloem Submit My
Answers Give Up
Solution
To provide structural support to the cell
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Which of the following traits were key adaptations that allowed plant.pdf
Which of the following traits were key adaptations that allowed plants to first move onto land?
(select all that apply) Xylem and phloem Mycorrhizae Stomata Microphylls and megaphylls
(leaves) A waxy layer outside of epidermal cells
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Key adaptations that allowed plants to first move onto land:.
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Which is more likely to form in a metal, a Frenkel defect or a Schottky defect? Justify answer.
Solution
Schottky defect :-
It is basically a vacancy defect in ionic solids. In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the
number of missing cations and anions are equal. Like simple vacancy defect, Schottky defect
also decreases the density of the substance. Number of such defects in ionic solids is quite
significant
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This defect is shown by ionic solids. In this defect the smaller ions are dislocated from its normal
site
to an interstitial site . It generate a vacancy defect at its original site and an interstitial defect at
its new location. Frenkel defect is also called dislocation defect
In this type of defect, density remains same. Frenkel defect is shown by ionic substance in which
there is a large difference in the size of ions, for example, ZnS, AgCl, AgBr and AgI shows this
effect
due to small size of Zn2+ and Ag+ ions.
For example, in NaCl there are approximately 106 Schottky pairs per cm3 at room temperature.
In 1
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is
shown by ionic substances in which the cation and anion are of almost similar sizes. For
example,
NaCl, KCl, CsCl and AgBr. It may be noted that AgBr shows both, Frenkel as well as Schottky
defects
But in case of metals, Typical metallic structure doesn\'t seem to have a defect as such Yet, metal
ions may migrate to interstitial voids, this defect is called Frenkel defect. By reaction with a non-
metal on the surface, metals may liberate electrons e.g. Zinc, this defect is called Metal Excess
defect due to anionic deficiency.
Hence FRENKEL defect is more likely to form in a metal.
When the correlation coefficient is negative the dependent variable .pdf
When the correlation coefficient is negative the dependent variable has an __________ linear
relationship with the independent variable. ( Fill in the blank)
A. Inverse Relationship
B. Converse Relationship
C. No Correlation Relationship exist
Solution
A. Inverse linear Relationship
positive correlation = upward/direct linear relationship, negative correlation = downward/inverse
linear relationship.
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What does PPE stand for in Safety gears? Rank the following tasks in order of effectiveness for
improving safety: i) Take measures to reduce risk ii) Ensure that operators are wearing the
appropriate safety gear iii) Alter processes and materials to eliminate risk
Solution
5. PPE: Personal Protective Equipment.
6. Rank 1: Alter Processes and materials to eliminate risks.
Rank 2: Take measures to reduce risk like safety alarms and safety switches
Rank 3: Ensure that operators are wearing appropriate safety gears..
What is a scientific paradigm Why do paradigms change over time.pdf
What is a scientific paradigm? Why do paradigms change over time?
Solution
Scientific paradigm
Scientific paradigm form the set of methods, formulae, derivations, theories, experiments which
form the basis of expedition among scientists and is being accepted by them as the base for
scientific conclusions.
Paradigms change over time due to the new world discoveries and invention of new
technologies. Some of the paradigms do not lose their uniqueness, identity and exactness, while
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Were identifying an unknown bacteria in lab. What I want to know i.pdf
We\'re identifying an unknown bacteria in lab. What I want to know is the best course of action,
the tests to perform to identify the bacteria without doing every single one under the sun. I know
that a good starting point is going to be the Gram stain.
Solution
Identification of an unknown bacteria in the lab is based on series of physical, biochemical and
molecular reations and observations. Classification is usually based on staining methods,
techniques of isolation, bacterial nutritional properties and its biochemical activities as well as its
growth characteristics. Listed below are some identification methods;
1. Study of morphology of culture: This includes study of form & elevation, margin of colony,
its surface, optical characteristics and also the pigmentation (if any!).
2. Study of cell morphology: Culture morphological features study is followed by study of
individual cells of the colony. eg. their shape (coccus, round, bacillus, spiral etc). etc
3. Staining: Different methods of staining bacteria exist. Staining the colourless bacterial cells
with methylene blue, carbon fushin or crystal violet (wherein the dying solutions could be acidic
or basic) helps in study of morphological characteristics.
Gram stain is used to distinguish between gram positive bacteria (with thickened peptidoglycan
layer that holds the primary stain, crystal violet) and gram negative bacteria (thick peptidoglycan
layer absent and lose the stain when treated with a decolourizer such as absolute alcohol). Gram-
positive cells become purple and gram negative cells become red with secondary stain like
iodine.
Acid fast stain differentiates bacterial cells containing lipoidal cell wall. Also, other staining
methods are the cell wall stain which stain the cell walls of bacteria comprised
of lipopolysaccharides, phospholipids, and peptidoglycan; spore stain for detection of bacterial
species producing spores; capsule stain; flagella stain etc.
4. Respiration test: This determines whether the bacteria is aerobic or anaerobic. Here the
bacterial species is made to grow in absence of oxygen (anaerobic conditions) to see whether it
can survive or not.
5. Biochemical tests: These tests are the final steps to determining the bacterial species. Here
bacterium is tested if it can hydrolyse protein, starch or lipid; can do nitrate reduction or not or
have hemolytic propeties or not. These tests are done by varying the medium on the agar plates.
6. Sum up the infomartion obtained from series of observations and tests to identify the unknown
bacteria..
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