This document provides an overview of memory enhancers from nutraceuticals. It discusses what nutraceuticals are and how they can benefit memory through functional foods and herbal extracts. Several herbal extracts are described that may help enhance memory, including Bacopa Monniera, Ginkgo Biloba, Centella Asiatica, and others. The document outlines how these herbal extracts may improve memory through antioxidant effects and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain.

1. Overview on Memory enhancers From Nutraceuticals
Presented By
Dr.S.Nirmala
Associate Professor
FCP, SBMCH Campus, BIHER

2. What is Nutraceuticals?
 Nutraceutical is defined as a food or part of it that
provides the body with medical or health benefits,
including the prevention and treatment of a disease.
 It is seen as a more natural way to accomplish
therapeutic results with minimal side effects, and this
view has propelled the discovery and production of
nutraceutical to become a multibillion dollar
enterprise. 8/16/2023 2

3. Nutraceutical foods can either be functional
foods or medicinal foods
• Functional food is food that is prepared in a scientific way,
with or without the knowledge of why it is being used. This
type of food provides the body with the required amounts of
all types of nutrients. Examples include whole foods,
fortified, and enriched foods. Functional foods are the most
commonly used nutraceutical foods.
• Medical food on the other hand, is food that is made to be
administered internally under supervision of a doctor. This
is only done after the person has been evaluated, and
certain nutritional requirements established.
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4. Memory enhancers
Memory Loss And Related Problems
 Since the brain is the most important organ, its health and
condition are vital. Not only is the brain responsible for
managing the body, but it also manages mental activity.
Thus, a healthy brain keeps people mentally and physically
fit.
 But the health of the brain typically starts to decline with
age. People have trouble recalling simple things like dates
and where they left the keys. With most jobs requiring
people to have good mental health, this usually adds to the
stress.
8/16/2023 4

5. Tips And Tricks To Improve Memory And
Cognitive Performance
• Several studies show that meditation can help people find
their mental center. It helps people calm down and take
stock of their situation. It can also help relieve stress and
improve cognitive skills and brain activity.
• Many people find that regular breaks at work help them
keep their minds active. Modern jobs can often take a huge
toll on people’s brains. Stepping back every few hours
helps revitalize the brain and keep it healthy.
• Some medicines can help people better manage the stress
of their lives. Experts agree that mental health medication is
as useful as physical health medication. These medicines
can help people manage their stress and keep their brains
healthy. 8/16/2023 5

6. Nootropics - A Medical Solution To Memory
Issues
 Mental health medication is often organized into several
categories. Some drugs help people with sleep problems.
Certain medicines help people overcome anxiety.
 Some medicines deal with issues of depression.
 Nootropics are a class of medication that focuses on
cognitive abilities. They can help improve people’s mental
health and allow them to focus on the task.
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7. Alternatives To Nootropics
 Nootropics can be a means of improving people’s mental
health and cognitive skills. There are natural as well as
artificial medicinal nootropics that can help people.
 Firstly, like other natural compounds, natural nootropics do
not have a lasting impact. A mug of coffee or tea only helps
people feel sharp and alert for a short time.
 Secondly, medicinal nootropics are quite potent and can
have side effects. People can only buy these medicines
with a proper prescription from a qualified doctor.
 This regulation and the actual cost of the drugs keep
nootropics out of most people’s reach. People often search
for alternatives to nootropic medicines to help them perform
better.
 Several supplements can mimic the effect of nootropics in
people.
8/16/2023 7

8. Herbal Drugs for Cognition Enhancement
 Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgoaceae) is called
as ginkgo, Kew tree, maidenhair tree,
and yinhsing. In Ginkgo leaf, some
constituents have existed as Flavonoids
(quercetin, kaempferol, and
isorhamnetin).
 Gingko Biloba acts as an antioxidant by
removing free radicals and helps to
increase oxygen supply, impairment in
the elderly population and improve
behaviouraladaptation for memory
enhancement
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 Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgoaceae)

9. Bacopa Monniera (Scrophulariaceae)
 It is called by different name in a
different language as in Hindi Brahmi-
sak, Nir-Brahmi, Brahmi in Sanskrit,
Jalanimba in Bangali.
 Triterpenoid saponins are also known
as Bacosides responsible for memory
enhancement
8/16/2023 9

10. Centella Asiatica (Umbelliferae)
 Mandukparni is another name of Centella
Asiatica (L) Urban
(Umbelliferae/Apiaceae family).
 In India, it is used for spices or grown as
a vegetable and herbal formulation as a
tonic which is used to increase memory
power, immunity booster, anti-stress
substance, anti-epilepsy and anti-anxiety.
 Centella asiatica acts as anti-oxidant
against lead acetate induced
neurotoxicity, amnesia and ideas
recalling.
 In early postnatal developmental stages,
C. asiatica can produce long-lasting
beneficial effects on mouse brain by
mediating effect on the cholinergic
system and neuronal morphology and
also improve the endogenous antioxidant
enzymes in the rat brain.
8/16/2023 10

11. Acorus Calamus (Acoraceae)
 Acorus calamus is scientific name of
Vacha (Hindi name) which is used as a
brain tonic in Indian and Chinese
herbal traditions.
 For effective supplements, stem, roots
and leaves are used by herbal experts.
In traditional Medicine Sweet flag
(Acorus calamus) is called a drug from
the Acoraceae family. The scented
leaves and rhizomes of the sweet flag
are used as a flavour in spices and in
medicines.
 Vacha is helpful to treat nervous
disorder as helps in concentration,
thinking process, brain tissue
detoxification.
8/16/2023 11

12. Evolvulus Alsinoides L. (Convolvulaceae)
 In the Himalayas, Evolvulus alsinoides
(EA) is found at 6000 ft from family
Convolvulaceae called in common
language as Shankhpuspi in Ayurveda
which is famous for its therapeutic
values for treating nervous debility,
increase in memory, epilepsy.
 It is used as brain tonic by inculcating
the wholeherb of ‘Shankhpushpi’ for
memory potentiating, tranquillizing
properties and anxiolytic properties.
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13. Caesalpinia Crista Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae)
 Kat-takaranja is the common name of
Caesalpinia crista (Lin.) in Hindi and
sagargota in Marathi belongs to family
Caesalpiniaceae found in India and Srilanka.
 Plant seed consist of starch, saponin,
bonducin, an enzyme proteins, sucrose, two
phytosterols namely sitosterol and
hepatsane,fatty acids
 It enhances learning and memory activity,
impairment induced by scopolamine and
these effects are mediated in part by
inhibition of AChE activity in the brain. It
acts as antidiabetic, antiproliferative,
adaptogenic, antimicrobial, anti-filarial,
uterus contractility, hepatoprotective,
antitumor, and antioxidant activities
8/16/2023 13

14. Tinospora Cordifolia (Menispermaceae)
 In Indian system of Medicine (ISM),
Amrita is an important drug which is
used in medicine as rejuvenator or
adaptogen, antioxidant,
immunomodulatory, antistress
properties for treating depression,
Alzheimer disease, improving cerebral
ischaemiamemory enhancement by
inhibiting reuptake of amines in brain
and increased levels norepinephrine
(NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine
or 5- HT), dopamine (DA), and
decreased levels of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been
demonstrated.
8/16/2023 14

15. Zingiber Officinale (Zingiberaceae)
 In the family Zingiberaceae, Ginger or
Zingiber officinale is found in Asian,
Indian, and Arabian folklore used as
medicineand spices.
 Ginger, gingerol, shogaol and
zingerone are activeforms of Zingiber
officinale. 6-gingerol is active
component inhibits cholinesterase
activity by increasing acetylcholine .
 It helps in memory enhancement by
Arabian folklore. And also increases
norepinephrine,epinephrine, dopamine
and serotonin contents in the cerebral
cortex and hippocampus
8/16/2023 15

16. Commiphora Wightii (Burseraceae)
 In Family Burseraceae, Commiphora wightii
is known as Guggal, Guggul or Mukul
myrrh tree is a flowering plant. It has a
maximum 4 m height with thin papery bark.
Steroid Guggulsterone is active ingredients
in Commiphora whichwork as an antagonist
of the farnesoid X receptor.
 For improving memory, Guggulipid showed
potential cognitive enhancer in
scopolamine-induced memory deficits.
cholineactyltransferase is decreased by
acting on in learning andmemory by
Commiphora Wightii acting on impairment
inlearning and memory in hippocampus
8/16/2023 16

17. Emblica Officinalis (Euphorbiaceae)
 Amla, The Indian gooseberry is Hindi
name of Emblica Officinalis from family
Euphorbiaceae known for edible fruits.
 It increases memory by improvement in
memory in scopolamine and diazepam-
induced memory deficits. AChE activity
inhibits by Emblica Officinalis. Major
active constituents are found in amla are
Vit-C, phyllemblin, vitaminc helps to
decrease in cholesterol, memory
enhancement, and anticholinesterase
activity for young and aged rats, amla
churna produced a dose-dependent
increase in memory.
8/16/2023 17

18. Salvia Lavandulaefolia (Lamiaceae)
 From family Lamiaceae, Salvia
Lavandulaefolia has various beneficial
effects for memory disorder, cerebral
ischemia, depression,
anticholinesterase activity. It consists of
luteolin, 1, 8- cineole, α-and β-pinene,
carvacrol, antioxidants and essential
oils.
 In dementia, Salvia Lavandulaefolia
inhibits theacetylcholinesterase and
enhancement in memory
8/16/2023 18

19. Foeniculum Vulgare (Umbelliferae)
 Foeniculum vulgare Linn. Is from
family Umbelliferae. In Mice,
nootropic and anticholinesterase agent
are used as extracts F. Vulgare which
inhibits acetylcholinesterase and
increased step- down latency
significantly.
 For treatment of dementia and
Alzheimer's disease, F. vulgare has
been used.
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20. Rosa Alba (Rosaceae)
 Rosa Alba from family Rosaceous
consists of memory increasing property
by producing symptomatic
improvement. It was helpful in memory
restorative agent for the cognitive
disorder.
 By using elevated plus- maze and
passive-avoidancetest, Rosa alba has
effects on learning retention and
memory enhancement by inhibiting
cholinesterase.
 It was helpful in appetite, cold, leprosy,
biliousness burning sensation,
headache, ophthalmia, rheumatism.
8/16/2023 20

21. Thespesia Populnea (Malvaceae)
 For testing memory, Exteroceptive
behavioural models served by Elevated
plus- maze and Hebb-Williams maze
and interceptive behavioural models
served by Diazepam-, scopolamine-,
and ageing- induced amnesia.
 It decreases Cholesterol level, anti-
inflammatory, anticholinesterase, and
antioxidant propertiesof T. populnea
for memory-enhancement effect and
also for the management of Alzheimer
patients
8/16/2023 21

22. Sesamum Indicum (Pedaliacae)
 In sesame seeds, lignan glycosides are
most abundant Sesaminol glycosides.
Protective effect against Abeta- induced
learning, memorydeficits are shown by
Dietary sesaminol in the Morris water
maze test.
 Vitamins, (Thiamine, Niacin), protein,
oleic, linolenic acids carbohydrates,
nicotinic acid, vitamin C, and
pantothenic acid are major constituents
by Sesamum Indicum.
 sesamin and sesamolin are main
lignins found in sesamum oil which is
responsible for antioxidant activity.
8/16/2023 22

23. Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae)
 Salvia officinalis is commonly known as
Sage which is used by the Egyptians as a
fertility drug for treating wounds, snake
bites, ulcers, coughs, insect, fevers,
digestive problems, sores, vaginal
infections, diarrhoea, sore throats.
 In British herbal encyclopaedias, Sage
(Salvia) has been used for an increase in
memory widely used in the kitchen and
medicinally thought centuries. In one study,
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity
inhibits by Sage (Salvia) for treating mild to
moderate Alzheimer's disease by the
breakdown of a chemical called
acetylcholine which is deficient in
Alzheimer's patient.
 It also showed an important effect on
behaviour and attention . 8/16/2023 23

24. Magnitude of memory herb in dietary
supplements market
 The global dietary supplements industry was valued at USD 96 billion in 2017 current
global market is valued USD 167.5 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to grow up
to USD 239.4 billion in 2028.
 The dietary supplements business is preliminarily focused by the paradigm shift toward
preventive health management practices amid growing healthcare costs and increasing
burden of lifestyle diseases.
 Digitization in retail is expectedto boost the future growth of dietary supplements.
Memory herb widely use now day in form of dietary supplements .
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 So, to combat modern medicine, ayurvedic herbs have been seen as an effective
strategy for memory enhancement as herbs can be used in the kitchen and
pharmaceutically.
 This lecture emphasis on Ayurvedic herbs for memory enhancement and treatment for
dementia. Dementia is a neurological syndrome which mainly results in impairment in
memory,thinking and judgement capabilities.
 With profound research, drug efficiency and molecular basis of medicinal properties
can be established with evidence-based medicines that can easily incorporate herb
molecular basis.

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