The document provides information about memorandums, including their purpose, format, and common uses. A memorandum is defined as a brief written communication within an organization used to inform about policies, procedures, or other official business. The key sections of a memorandum include the heading with recipients, author, date and subject; the body introducing the topic and any actions needed; and a conclusion. Memorandums are typically used to announce new information, decisions, or events to employees within a company or institution. An example memorandum format and components are also outlined.
Letter writing is the exchange of written or printed messages. Distinctions are commonly drawn between personal letters (sent between family members, friends, or acquaintances) and business letters (formal exchanges with businesses or government organizations).
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Letter writing is the exchange of written or printed messages. Distinctions are commonly drawn between personal letters (sent between family members, friends, or acquaintances) and business letters (formal exchanges with businesses or government organizations).
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REPORT there are several key elements and structuresumerub123
report writing, there are several key elements and structures to keep in mind. Here's a general guide that you can follow:
1. Title Page:
Title of the Report
Subtitle (if applicable)
Name of the Author
Date of Submission
2. Abstract/Executive Summary:
A brief summary of the report's key points and findings.
Usually around 150-250 words.
Include the purpose, methods, results, and conclusion.
3. Table of Contents:
A list of sections and subsections with corresponding page numbers.
4. Introduction:
Background information on the topic.
Clear statement of the problem or purpose of the report.
Objectives or goals of the report.
5. Literature Review (if applicable):
Review of relevant literature or existing research on the topic.
6. Methodology:
Explanation of the methods and procedures used in the research or analysis.
Include details on data collection, tools used, and any relevant procedures.
7. Findings/Results:
Presentation of the main results, often using tables, graphs, or charts.
Interpretation and analysis of the findings.
8. Discussion:
Interpretation of the results in the context of the report's objectives.
Comparison with existing literature.
Limitations and potential areas for further research.
9. Recommendations (if applicable):
Suggestions for actions or changes based on the findings.
Clear and actionable recommendations.
10. Conclusion:
Summarize the key points.
Restate the main findings and their significance.
Provide closure to the report.
11. References:
List of all sources cited in the report.
Follow a specific citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).
12. Appendices (if applicable):
Additional supporting material, such as raw data, detailed charts, or supplementary information.
Tips for Report Writing:
Use clear and concise language.
Structure your report logically.
Keep the audience in mind.
Revise and proofread for clarity, coherence, and correctness.
Remember that the structure and requirements may vary depending on the type of report and the audience. Always check any specific guidelines provided to you.
Page 1 of 12 A memo about writing memos B. Pope, BUS 497.docxgerardkortney
Page 1 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
MEMORANDUM
TO: Students of BUS 497-A
CSUN / Nazarian College of Business & Economics
FROM: Blaine D. Pope, Ph.D.
Lecturer, BUS 497-A
SUBJECT: How to Write a Concise and Effective Memorandum
(A memo about writing memos)
DATE: 27 January 2018
OVERVIEW
This paper concerns how to present ideas through the medium of a memorandum—a
concise form of written business communication, designed to summarize information
and highlight potential action items quickly. This means of communication can be found
in a wide array of professional settings. In the body of the document you are reading
here, the medium is also part of the message. Notice the structure of this document.
Follow it, practice it, and you should have little problem in writing a clear and effective
office memorandum over the course of your career.
Memoranda can be on almost any topic but in each case the basic idea remains the
same: to condense and simplify material for quick reading, and to facilitate
organizational decision-making.1 Therefore, in this class, your memos should always
contain suggested next steps (or action items) in the final section—“Conclusions” and/or
“Recommendations.”
IMPORTANT: The overall page length for your memos is a minimum of three (3) and a
maximum of four (4) single-spaced pages. If you exceed the upper limit, I simply won’t
read past the fourth page.
DETAILS
Memos should not usually be flowery or overly prosaic. When writing in memo format, it
is okay (even encouraged) to use relatively dry language or wording. The idea here is
to let the true power of your ideas (the underlying concepts the words should be
conveying) speak for themselves. This can best be done by highlighting your ideas
according to the following simple format—just like in you PowerPoint executive briefings
1 There is also an organizational historical dimension to memo writing. For further details, see the definition and
origins of the Latin word, “Memorandum” in the Appendix section.
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Page 2 of 12
A memo about writing memos
B. Pope, BUS 497-A
/ presentations. The same basic principles apply in each case—simplicity. Less can be
more.
• Basic identifying information: name and titles (and possibly the work units) of
individuals involved, plus date, subject or topic at the top of the first page (see
above); and page numbers typically at the bottom of the page. This is
especially important for historical purposes. People who have never met you
may read your memos months—or even years—later. This basic identifying
information can help set some of the organizational context for those readers.
• Come to the point, immediately: wording along the lines of “This is a paper
on/about/concerning . . . “ should usually be your first .
THE UNITED STATES NAVY SENIOR ENLISTED ACADEMY ronnag9bkla
THE UNITED STATES NAVY
SENIOR ENLISTED ACADEMY
Three Part Communications
Module 2.01a
July 2016
2
Three Part Communications
Senior Enlisted Academy - Newport, RI
Communication is the process of people sharing thoughts, ideas, and feelings with each other in
commonly understandable ways.
For Senior Enlisted Leaders, there are few tasks more important than communication.
When communicating up or down the Chain of Command, communicating with peers, or
communicating with others outside the organization, Senior Enlisted Leaders must be able to
express their ideas and feelings in a quick concise manner, understandable by all.
Whether writing a paper or giving a speech, there are many different ways to communicate your
message. Three Part Communications is one such technique and it is the basis for all written and
oral assignments at the Senior Enlisted Academy.
3
Three Part Communications
Three Part Communications consists of an introduction, the main body, and a conclusion. The
Three Part Communications structure allows the communicator to package ideas and thoughts in
a way that is easily and quickly understood.
Part one of Three Part Communications is to tell them what you are going to tell them. This is
the introduction.
Part two of Three Part Communications is to tell them. This is the main body. It uses main
points and transition sentences to accomplish this.
Part three of Three Part Communications is to tell them what you told them. This is the
conclusion.
Introduction – Tell them what you are going to tell them.
The introduction is where you introduce the listener/reader to what you are speaking/writing
about. In other words, tell them what you are going to tell them. To accomplish this task, use an
attention getter, motivation statement, and an overview of the main points. This is not a long
drawn-out process and it should not exceed, in most cases, a paragraph in length.
The attention getter grabs the listener/reader’s attention. Use a startling fact, thought, or idea
that will make your audience sit-up and want to hear or read more. The point of the attention
getter is to remove any distracting thoughts the listener/reader is currently thinking about and to
focus on the subject you are about to communicate. The attention getter should be one or two
sentences.
The motivation statement is known as the what’s in it for me (WIIFM) statement; the me refers
to the listener or reader, NOT the speaker or author. Use the WIIFM statement to motivate the
intended audience to want to listen to or read the message you are trying to communicate by
showing how your presentation benefits them. To keep their attention throughout, you must
convince them that the presentation will help satisfy their personal or job-related needs.
Your motivation should answer three Ws: Who? What ...
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. What is Memorandum
◦ A memorandum is a note, document or other communication that helps the memory
by recording events or observations on a topic such as may be used in a
business office. A memorandum can have only a certain number of formats; it may
have a format specific to an office or institution.
◦ Definition of MEMORANDUM for English Language Learners
◦ A usually brief written message or report from one person or department in a
company or organization to another.
◦ Informal written brief, note, record, reminder, or summary used as a means of
communication, or to outline the terms of an agreement in its draft-stage
3. Importance of Learning Memorandum
◦ A memo’s purpose is often to inform, but it
occasionally includes an element of persuasion or a
call to action. All organizations have informal and
formal communication networks.
◦ One effective way to address informal, unofficial
speculation is to spell out clearly for all employees
what is going on with a particular issue.
◦ A memo (or memorandum, meaning “reminder”) is
normally used for communicating policies,
procedures, or related official business within an
organization.
4. Memo Format
◦ Create the heading
Type ‘MEMORANDUM’ at the top of the page.
Create lines for: TO, CC, FROM, DATE, and
SUBJECT, and fill them in.
◦ Write the body
Introduce the problem in the first paragraph, and
give some context. Suggest actions that the
reader should take. Close with a positive
summary.
◦ Finalize it
Format your memo properly, then proofread it.
5. Memos are typically used
◦ To inform others about new and
changed policy, procedures and
organizational details.
◦ To announce meeting, events,
changes.
◦ To present decisions, directives,
proposals, briefings.
◦ To transmit document.
6. Create the Heading
◦ Heading should include the full name of
the person or people who will receive the
document. You should also include your
full name, and the date the memo was
prepared. The next part of the heading is
the subject of the memo, which is usually
indicated by ‘Subject’ or ‘RE’, which stands
for ‘regarding’. Make the subject as
specific as possible. Instead of a general
heading such as ‘New Policy’, choose ‘New
policy for Scheduling Vacations’.
8. Write the BodyThe body of a memo includes three components:
1. Introduction: This should be a short paragraph of
two or three sentences that lets people know the
reason for the memo in a direct manner.
2. Recommendations or Purpose: This section gets to
the meat of the message using key points, highlights or
background information. It may include supporting
detail like facts and statistics, as well as examples and
reasons for the memo.
3. Conclusion: The conclusion will make it clear what
action needs to be taken and when it needs to be
completed or reiterates the timely news included in the
memo.
9.
10. Finalize the Document
◦ Audience-appropriate
◦ Concise
◦ Coherent
◦ Readability
◦ Terminology
◦ Factual tone
◦ Appearance
11. Sample of a Memo
MEMORANDUM
To: All employees
From: Mr. X, Director, HR Department
Subject: Mr. Y’s Retirement Party
We are waiting to inform you of a retirement party for Mr. Y from the CSE department.
We invite you to join us in celebrating the contribution the Y has made to our institution through the
years.
The party will be held at auditorium on Friday April 14, 2016 at 5 pm. Dinner will be provided by the
institution.
Please response very soon to csedepartment.bu@gmail.com by 4 pm on Tuesday April 11, 2017.
