SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure:Agency in transport service: Implications of traveller mode choice objective and latent attributes using random parameter logit model
A presentation conducted by Mr AHM Mehbub Anwar, University of Wollongong.
Presented on Wednesday the 2nd of October 2013.
This paper explains how principal-agent theory (PAT) can be used as an analytical tool to understand the traveller-Transport for NSW relationship and minimise the agency uncertainty in the relationship by examining traveller preferences for mode choices. The paper emphasises latent variables and objective attributes together during the choice process within the agency relationship, as a method by which
the utility of the principal (traveller) can be maximised and evaluated using a discrete choice experiment, i.e. random parameter logit (RPL) model. The probability of car useis significantly higher than public transport, which indicates that an agency uncertainty exists in the relationship and incorporating traveller preferences in the transport projects
may minimise this uncertainty.
This document discusses applying price and time differentiation to modeling cabin choice behavior in high-speed rail. It proposes combining revealed preference and stated preference data to construct a cabin choice model. A stated preference experiment was designed to gather responses on cabin choice scenarios under different price attributes. An empirical analysis of reserved and unreserved cabins in Taiwan high-speed rail was conducted to validate the model. The results show that time discounts and seat availability play important roles in influencing cabin choice behavior and fare levels.
O documento descreve uma nova capela e memorial construídos dentro das muralhas do Forte do Bom Sucesso em Lisboa. O memorial inclui um túnel que leva a uma câmara com um túmulo de um Soldado de Portugal, placas comemorativas e poemas dedicados aos soldados portugueses.
Este documento describe la demostración como una técnica de enseñanza. Define la demostración como un proceso deductivo mediante el cual, partiendo de premisas verdaderas, se llega a una conclusión verdadera. Explica tres tipos de demostración - directa, sustitutiva e indirecta - y destaca las ventajas de proporcionar una experiencia práctica y hacer que los procesos sean claros. También identifica posibles desventajas como la necesidad de planificación cuidadosa y el riesgo de que los estud
This document contains details of a quiz competition hosted by QUEST - DSCE Quiz Club including questions from different rounds and categories. The rounds included general knowledge questions on movies, companies, sports records, books and famous people. One round involved connecting three given words while another involved identifying specifications, images or people from clues. The final round featured questions that were cracked by providing 3 clues for each question, with scores awarded for each correct answer based on the clue number. The questions spanned topics like technology, politics, entertainment and sports.
UIBusiness.com is a marketplace that connects American SMBs with business opportunities in India. It helps American companies break into the fast-growing Indian market without the high costs of travel, dealing with cultural differences, or navigating visa requirements. The platform provides sales and operations support in both the US and India to facilitate secure transactions between buyers and sellers. India represents a major market opportunity as its economy and middle class continue to rapidly expand. UIBusiness.com verifies all users and inquiries to ensure only legitimate business discussions occur on the site. It also offers optional assistance with sales, shipping, and payments to give users added confidence in transactions.
This document discusses applying price and time differentiation to modeling cabin choice behavior in high-speed rail. It proposes combining revealed preference and stated preference data to construct a cabin choice model. A stated preference experiment was designed to gather responses on cabin choice scenarios under different price attributes. An empirical analysis of reserved and unreserved cabins in Taiwan high-speed rail was conducted to validate the model. The results show that time discounts and seat availability play important roles in influencing cabin choice behavior and fare levels.
O documento descreve uma nova capela e memorial construídos dentro das muralhas do Forte do Bom Sucesso em Lisboa. O memorial inclui um túnel que leva a uma câmara com um túmulo de um Soldado de Portugal, placas comemorativas e poemas dedicados aos soldados portugueses.
Este documento describe la demostración como una técnica de enseñanza. Define la demostración como un proceso deductivo mediante el cual, partiendo de premisas verdaderas, se llega a una conclusión verdadera. Explica tres tipos de demostración - directa, sustitutiva e indirecta - y destaca las ventajas de proporcionar una experiencia práctica y hacer que los procesos sean claros. También identifica posibles desventajas como la necesidad de planificación cuidadosa y el riesgo de que los estud
This document contains details of a quiz competition hosted by QUEST - DSCE Quiz Club including questions from different rounds and categories. The rounds included general knowledge questions on movies, companies, sports records, books and famous people. One round involved connecting three given words while another involved identifying specifications, images or people from clues. The final round featured questions that were cracked by providing 3 clues for each question, with scores awarded for each correct answer based on the clue number. The questions spanned topics like technology, politics, entertainment and sports.
UIBusiness.com is a marketplace that connects American SMBs with business opportunities in India. It helps American companies break into the fast-growing Indian market without the high costs of travel, dealing with cultural differences, or navigating visa requirements. The platform provides sales and operations support in both the US and India to facilitate secure transactions between buyers and sellers. India represents a major market opportunity as its economy and middle class continue to rapidly expand. UIBusiness.com verifies all users and inquiries to ensure only legitimate business discussions occur on the site. It also offers optional assistance with sales, shipping, and payments to give users added confidence in transactions.
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the Earth caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect occurs naturally but is enhanced by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, trapping more heat in the lower atmosphere and leading to global warming. The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which have all increased due to human activities and contribute to rising global temperatures and sea levels as well as changes to weather patterns and water supplies. Reducing energy usage and switching to renewable energy can help limit the effects of climate change.
This document contains excerpts from the Bible addressing the church in Ephesus. It warns that Jesus will remove their lampstand if they do not repent and return to their original fervor. It commends them for hating the deeds of the Nicolaitans but urges them to regain the love they had at first.
Orang sukses harus terus belajar dari berbagai sumber dan situasi. Teknik belajar yang efektif meliputi menetapkan tujuan jelas, merencanakan jadwal belajar, konsistensi, serta menguasai teknik-teknik belajar seperti membaca cepat. Komitmen untuk terus belajar diperlukan untuk meraih kesuksesan.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos clave como el acero y la madera, así como medidas contra bancos y funcionarios rusos. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Prototyping Model adalah metode pembuatan sistem secara terstruktur melalui beberapa tahap evaluasi dan perbaikan. Metode ini memungkinkan pengembang untuk membangun prototipe awal sistem, mendapatkan masukan, dan memperbaiki sistem berdasarkan umpan balik sebelum penyelesaian akhir. Prototyping Model terdiri dari 5 tahapan utama yaitu pengumpulan kebutuhan, pembangunan prototipe, evaluasi, pengkodean
Como escolher o Hardware Correto? Plataformas? Dispositivos Prontos?André Curvello
O documento discute as considerações importantes na escolha do hardware correto para projetos de Internet das Coisas (IoT), desde projetos hobby até aplicações profissionais. O autor descreve como placas prontas podem facilitar a validação e testes em fases iniciais, mas projetos personalizados exigem mais recursos. Ele também destaca a importância de aspectos como suporte, especificações, homologação e propriedade intelectual em aplicações profissionais.
The ISG Outsourcing Index (formerly the TPI Index) provides a quarterly review of the latest sourcing industry data and trends for clients, service providers, analysts and the media. For more than a decade, it has been the authoritative source for marketplace intelligence related to outsourcing transaction structures and terms, industry adoption, geographic prevalence and service provider performance.
A presentation conducted by Dr Jun Ma, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong.
Presented on Tuesday the 1st of October 2013.
A region’s socio-economic development and liveability are affected to a great extent by the region’s infrastructure services. Data-driven forecasting the demands for infrastructure utilities (electricity, water, waste, etc) of a region becomes a challenging issue in the situation of highly integrative infrastructure networks and restricted data
sharing, which involves handling temporary and spatial infrastructure utility data simultaneously and modelling the correlations between different infrastructure utilities and
their interactions with relevant socio-economic and environmental indicators. Data mining and complex fuzzy set techniques are used to implement this kind of analytically capability in SMART Infrastructure Dashboard. The developed method and technique can be used for better governance, planning and delivering of effective and efficient infrastructure service and facility. It can also provide support evidence for a region’s long-term sustainable planning and development.
The document lists food and drink items in Spanish and Catalan along with their English translations. It includes queso, formatge, and cheese; pastel, pastís, and cake; miel, mel, and honey; hamburguesas, hamburgueses, and burgers; pan, pà, and bread; vino, vi, and whine; aceite, oli, and oil; pizza; fideos, fideus, and noodles; chocolate, xocolata, and chocolate; and Coca Cola.
The document is a mark scheme for an exam on business studies. It provides guidance to examiners on how to award marks to exam answers. For each question, it gives the key points or context that should be included in answers for full or partial marks. It also provides examples of explanations, analyses or evaluations that would merit different levels of marks based on their depth and use of context. The mark scheme aims to ensure examiners apply the marking criteria consistently and fairly.
Final project raising south sudan - hannah risserHannah Risser
South Sudan gained independence in 2011 after decades of civil war. Raising South Sudan is a nonprofit working to help the new country by building schools, as education levels are extremely low. The organization was started with help from Lost Boys of Sudan who resettled in the US. Fundraising events like a benefit concert and bowling tournament have helped support school construction in South Sudan. Education is seen as key to the country's growth.
IRJET- Fuzzy Logic based Route Choice Behaviour ModellingIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that uses fuzzy logic to model route choice behavior in Thrissur City, India. Household surveys were conducted to collect data on travelers' socioeconomic characteristics and their reasons for choosing routes between origin-destination pairs in the city. Fuzzy logic concepts were then used to analyze the data and predict the most chosen routes. The results identified the mostly chosen routes between specific origin zones like Punkunnam and destination zones like Thekkinkadu. Key factors affecting route choice that were identified include travel cost, distance, travel time, and type of employment.
This document outlines Md Sakoat Hossan's dissertation defense on impacts of user heterogeneity and attitudinal aspects on pricing valuation. The dissertation aims to address user heterogeneity by identifying attributes that influence value of time and reliability estimates, and incorporate attitudinal factors into choice modeling. Mixed logit models are developed to capture random variations in preferences, and factor analysis, attitudinal models, and cluster analysis are employed to analyze attitudinal data and segment road users.
ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING ON TRAVELLERS MAKING DECISION SELECTING SRI LANKA...Amila Madushani
This document analyzes factors affecting travelers' decisions to select Sri Lanka as a tourist destination. The researcher conducted a survey of 92 travelers departing Sri Lanka in December 2018. The survey examined how economic factors like cost and standards of accommodation, and non-economic factors like safety and services of tour operators influence travelers' decisions. The results found that cost, safety, and standards of accommodation had a strong relationship with destination selection, while services of tour operators had a moderate relationship. The researcher recommends Sri Lanka improve safety, promote destinations more aggressively, and develop innovative tour packages to increase repeat visitors.
The document discusses a study on using multimodal representations of time-to-collision (TTC) to improve lane-changing decision making. It first covers situation awareness models and the relationship between task complexity and performance. It then defines relevant parameters for the lane changing task. The study hypothesizes that multimodal warnings processed at the perceptual level could have lower cognitive load than visual warnings. An experiment is designed to examine which signal or combination enables more accurate decisions. Expected results include whether auditory or combined warnings best convey dynamic distance information.
Analyzing Specialized Views of Transportation Under Mean Safety By Using Fuzz...IJERA Editor
Transportation is an essential part in social, industrial and economical process that encounters to the increasing of level of vechile which leads to increasing demand and deterioration of transportation infrastructure as well as others. The transportation expert may be asked to support a decision, determine a preference, rank influencing factors, or assess alternatives through various methods including surveys, interviews, panel meetings, and expert analyses. In many of these cases, before the experts render their opinion they formulate it through the use of linguistic information and their own subjective decision criteria. An efficient method to analyze subjective and linguistic information employed by people, whether expert or layman is to apply a fuzzy set concept. The primary strength of a fuzzy approach is that it is applicable for the analysis of human knowledge and subjective human perception, which are represented by linguistic terms rather than numerical terms, and the deductive process. The fuzzy inference system, which mimics the human perception and decision making processes, is a deductive process of mapping given inputs to certain outputs based on fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules. It has been widely applied in various analysis of subjective and ambiguous information.
The document proposes improvements to airport security systems using queuing theory and the analytic hierarchy process. It establishes an M/M/1 queuing model to analyze passenger wait times. An AHP model evaluates the security system based on equipment, staffing, and emergencies. It finds that item detection, X-rays, and millimeter waves most affect throughput. Strategies are developed to reduce waits by prioritizing screening processes and addressing cultural differences. The models provide guidance but have limitations due to available data.
Can the Multimodal Real Time Information Systems Induce a More Sustainable Mo...IEA-ETSAP
1. The study tested a multimodal real-time navigation app called OPTIMOD'LYON in Lyon to evaluate its potential to influence travel behavior and induce more sustainable mobility.
2. Surveys conducted before and after a 5-month test period found minimal changes in participants' transport mode usage, with walking and public transit use increasing on some trips but car use unchanged.
3. Intended use of the app to plan trips was greater than actual reported use after the test, and intentions to change travel habits did not accurately predict observed behavior changes. The app was more useful for occasional rather than daily trips.
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of the Earth caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect occurs naturally but is enhanced by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, trapping more heat in the lower atmosphere and leading to global warming. The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which have all increased due to human activities and contribute to rising global temperatures and sea levels as well as changes to weather patterns and water supplies. Reducing energy usage and switching to renewable energy can help limit the effects of climate change.
This document contains excerpts from the Bible addressing the church in Ephesus. It warns that Jesus will remove their lampstand if they do not repent and return to their original fervor. It commends them for hating the deeds of the Nicolaitans but urges them to regain the love they had at first.
Orang sukses harus terus belajar dari berbagai sumber dan situasi. Teknik belajar yang efektif meliputi menetapkan tujuan jelas, merencanakan jadwal belajar, konsistensi, serta menguasai teknik-teknik belajar seperti membaca cepat. Komitmen untuk terus belajar diperlukan untuk meraih kesuksesan.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos clave como el acero y la madera, así como medidas contra bancos y funcionarios rusos. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Prototyping Model adalah metode pembuatan sistem secara terstruktur melalui beberapa tahap evaluasi dan perbaikan. Metode ini memungkinkan pengembang untuk membangun prototipe awal sistem, mendapatkan masukan, dan memperbaiki sistem berdasarkan umpan balik sebelum penyelesaian akhir. Prototyping Model terdiri dari 5 tahapan utama yaitu pengumpulan kebutuhan, pembangunan prototipe, evaluasi, pengkodean
Como escolher o Hardware Correto? Plataformas? Dispositivos Prontos?André Curvello
O documento discute as considerações importantes na escolha do hardware correto para projetos de Internet das Coisas (IoT), desde projetos hobby até aplicações profissionais. O autor descreve como placas prontas podem facilitar a validação e testes em fases iniciais, mas projetos personalizados exigem mais recursos. Ele também destaca a importância de aspectos como suporte, especificações, homologação e propriedade intelectual em aplicações profissionais.
The ISG Outsourcing Index (formerly the TPI Index) provides a quarterly review of the latest sourcing industry data and trends for clients, service providers, analysts and the media. For more than a decade, it has been the authoritative source for marketplace intelligence related to outsourcing transaction structures and terms, industry adoption, geographic prevalence and service provider performance.
A presentation conducted by Dr Jun Ma, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong.
Presented on Tuesday the 1st of October 2013.
A region’s socio-economic development and liveability are affected to a great extent by the region’s infrastructure services. Data-driven forecasting the demands for infrastructure utilities (electricity, water, waste, etc) of a region becomes a challenging issue in the situation of highly integrative infrastructure networks and restricted data
sharing, which involves handling temporary and spatial infrastructure utility data simultaneously and modelling the correlations between different infrastructure utilities and
their interactions with relevant socio-economic and environmental indicators. Data mining and complex fuzzy set techniques are used to implement this kind of analytically capability in SMART Infrastructure Dashboard. The developed method and technique can be used for better governance, planning and delivering of effective and efficient infrastructure service and facility. It can also provide support evidence for a region’s long-term sustainable planning and development.
The document lists food and drink items in Spanish and Catalan along with their English translations. It includes queso, formatge, and cheese; pastel, pastís, and cake; miel, mel, and honey; hamburguesas, hamburgueses, and burgers; pan, pà, and bread; vino, vi, and whine; aceite, oli, and oil; pizza; fideos, fideus, and noodles; chocolate, xocolata, and chocolate; and Coca Cola.
The document is a mark scheme for an exam on business studies. It provides guidance to examiners on how to award marks to exam answers. For each question, it gives the key points or context that should be included in answers for full or partial marks. It also provides examples of explanations, analyses or evaluations that would merit different levels of marks based on their depth and use of context. The mark scheme aims to ensure examiners apply the marking criteria consistently and fairly.
Final project raising south sudan - hannah risserHannah Risser
South Sudan gained independence in 2011 after decades of civil war. Raising South Sudan is a nonprofit working to help the new country by building schools, as education levels are extremely low. The organization was started with help from Lost Boys of Sudan who resettled in the US. Fundraising events like a benefit concert and bowling tournament have helped support school construction in South Sudan. Education is seen as key to the country's growth.
Similar to SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure:Agency in transport service: Implications of traveller mode choice objective and latent attributes using random parameter logit model
IRJET- Fuzzy Logic based Route Choice Behaviour ModellingIRJET Journal
This document describes a study that uses fuzzy logic to model route choice behavior in Thrissur City, India. Household surveys were conducted to collect data on travelers' socioeconomic characteristics and their reasons for choosing routes between origin-destination pairs in the city. Fuzzy logic concepts were then used to analyze the data and predict the most chosen routes. The results identified the mostly chosen routes between specific origin zones like Punkunnam and destination zones like Thekkinkadu. Key factors affecting route choice that were identified include travel cost, distance, travel time, and type of employment.
This document outlines Md Sakoat Hossan's dissertation defense on impacts of user heterogeneity and attitudinal aspects on pricing valuation. The dissertation aims to address user heterogeneity by identifying attributes that influence value of time and reliability estimates, and incorporate attitudinal factors into choice modeling. Mixed logit models are developed to capture random variations in preferences, and factor analysis, attitudinal models, and cluster analysis are employed to analyze attitudinal data and segment road users.
ANALYZING FACTORS AFFECTING ON TRAVELLERS MAKING DECISION SELECTING SRI LANKA...Amila Madushani
This document analyzes factors affecting travelers' decisions to select Sri Lanka as a tourist destination. The researcher conducted a survey of 92 travelers departing Sri Lanka in December 2018. The survey examined how economic factors like cost and standards of accommodation, and non-economic factors like safety and services of tour operators influence travelers' decisions. The results found that cost, safety, and standards of accommodation had a strong relationship with destination selection, while services of tour operators had a moderate relationship. The researcher recommends Sri Lanka improve safety, promote destinations more aggressively, and develop innovative tour packages to increase repeat visitors.
The document discusses a study on using multimodal representations of time-to-collision (TTC) to improve lane-changing decision making. It first covers situation awareness models and the relationship between task complexity and performance. It then defines relevant parameters for the lane changing task. The study hypothesizes that multimodal warnings processed at the perceptual level could have lower cognitive load than visual warnings. An experiment is designed to examine which signal or combination enables more accurate decisions. Expected results include whether auditory or combined warnings best convey dynamic distance information.
Analyzing Specialized Views of Transportation Under Mean Safety By Using Fuzz...IJERA Editor
Transportation is an essential part in social, industrial and economical process that encounters to the increasing of level of vechile which leads to increasing demand and deterioration of transportation infrastructure as well as others. The transportation expert may be asked to support a decision, determine a preference, rank influencing factors, or assess alternatives through various methods including surveys, interviews, panel meetings, and expert analyses. In many of these cases, before the experts render their opinion they formulate it through the use of linguistic information and their own subjective decision criteria. An efficient method to analyze subjective and linguistic information employed by people, whether expert or layman is to apply a fuzzy set concept. The primary strength of a fuzzy approach is that it is applicable for the analysis of human knowledge and subjective human perception, which are represented by linguistic terms rather than numerical terms, and the deductive process. The fuzzy inference system, which mimics the human perception and decision making processes, is a deductive process of mapping given inputs to certain outputs based on fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules. It has been widely applied in various analysis of subjective and ambiguous information.
The document proposes improvements to airport security systems using queuing theory and the analytic hierarchy process. It establishes an M/M/1 queuing model to analyze passenger wait times. An AHP model evaluates the security system based on equipment, staffing, and emergencies. It finds that item detection, X-rays, and millimeter waves most affect throughput. Strategies are developed to reduce waits by prioritizing screening processes and addressing cultural differences. The models provide guidance but have limitations due to available data.
Can the Multimodal Real Time Information Systems Induce a More Sustainable Mo...IEA-ETSAP
1. The study tested a multimodal real-time navigation app called OPTIMOD'LYON in Lyon to evaluate its potential to influence travel behavior and induce more sustainable mobility.
2. Surveys conducted before and after a 5-month test period found minimal changes in participants' transport mode usage, with walking and public transit use increasing on some trips but car use unchanged.
3. Intended use of the app to plan trips was greater than actual reported use after the test, and intentions to change travel habits did not accurately predict observed behavior changes. The app was more useful for occasional rather than daily trips.
A consistent method to determine flexible criteria weightsarmankoopal
This document discusses methods for determining criteria weights in multi-criteria transport project evaluation. It introduces the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a method that derives criteria weights from decision makers' subjective judgments through pairwise comparisons. AHP uses the principal eigenvector of the positive pairwise comparison matrix to obtain the criteria weights. While subjective approaches allow flexibility, they can also be time-consuming and inconsistent between decision makers. The document proposes using a proportion-based method that provides both consistency through its algorithm and flexibility by incorporating input from decision makers and the public.
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyiaemedu
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety on the roadways studied.
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety for the studied roadways.
Predictive analysis of traffic violationsDarshak Mehta
The paper produced results based on traffic violation data that was updated daily in Montgomery County in the USA. Using the data set, we analyzed the effect of a traffic violation on traffic accidents by using various big data analysis techniques. In particular, three modeling hypotheses have been developed based on initial data understanding and the performed 5 visualizations. The required data preprocessing has been performed to address these hypotheses using 3 models with different algorithms.
Assessing Level of Service of Two Lane Highways Using User Perception and Its...IJERA Editor
This document presents a study that assesses the level of service (LOS) of two-lane highways using user perception and its relationship with field measurements. The study identifies key attributes that affect user perception of LOS through a questionnaire survey. These attributes include speed, quality of road, and delay. LOS is then determined for three stretches of two-lane highways in Trivandrum, India using fuzzy set theory and fuzzy clustering based on user responses. The LOS obtained from these methods are then compared to LOS determined using the methodology in the Highway Capacity Manual, which considers percent time spent following and average travel speed. The study finds that both the fuzzy set approach and fuzzy clustering yield a LOS of C for all
A New Perspective Of Traffic Assignment A Game Theoretical ApproachAnita Miller
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes applying game theory to model traffic assignment. Specifically, it develops a stochastic congestion game model to describe drivers' adaptive route choices from a day-to-day perspective. The model accounts for drivers as individual decision-makers and allows their payoffs to include unknown noise. A simulation is conducted using the SUMO software to validate that the model converges to a Nash equilibrium. The simulation shows players' payoffs converge to a Nash equilibrium almost surely, demonstrating the model successfully captures drivers' learning behavior over time as a transportation network with traffic management systems.
Anomaly Detection - Catch me if you canYousef Fadila
This document summarizes a presentation on detecting pickpocket suspects from large-scale transit records. The presentation showcases work that used mobility characteristics extracted from over 1.6 billion transit records to develop a two-step algorithm to distinguish regular passengers from pickpocket suspects with high accuracy. The algorithm first uses anomaly detection to filter out regular passengers, then classification to identify real suspects. Experiments on real-world data showed the two-step approach significantly improved precision over single-step methods. A prototype decision support system was also developed.
The document summarizes a study that aimed to determine the model of public transportation desired by society in Indonesia. The study used multiple linear regression analysis to identify factors influencing public perceptions. For stakeholders, the preferred model included speed, accuracy of trips, and amenities as significant variables. The desired transportation system was described as having independent variables of speed (β=2,711), accuracy (β=3,748), and amenities (β=2,920). For users, service quality was acceptable overall but could be improved by addressing speed, accuracy, and amenities.
Governance of fuzzy systems to predict driver perception of service qualityIAEME Publication
This document discusses using fuzzy set theory to analyze driver perceptions of variable message signs (VMS). It involves using survey data to develop fuzzy membership functions representing linguistic scales and criteria importance weights. Individual driver perceptions are evaluated using these membership functions. The results are aggregated using fuzzy arithmetic mean and defuzzified to provide an overall service quality measure. Trapezoidal membership functions are constructed based on survey data distributions and design rules to quantitatively model vague perceptions.
Governance of fuzzy systems to predict driver perception of service qualityiaemedu
This document discusses evaluating driver perception of service quality from variable message signs using fuzzy systems. It presents a method using fuzzy set theory and membership functions to quantify subjective human perceptions from survey data. Drivers completed a survey rating their satisfaction with six criteria of VMS quality on linguistic scales. Fuzzy membership functions were constructed to transform the survey responses into fuzzy numbers. Individual perceptions were aggregated using fuzzy arithmetic operations. The final fuzzy set represented the overall group perception, which was defuzzified into a single value indicating satisfaction level considering perception variability and criteria importance. This allowed numerical evaluation of service quality incorporating the complexity of human perception.
Governance of fuzzy systems to predict driver perception of service qualityiaemedu
This document discusses using fuzzy set theory to analyze driver perceptions of service quality from variable message signs (VMS). It involves using survey data to develop fuzzy membership functions representing linguistic scales and criteria importance weights. Individual driver perceptions are evaluated using these membership functions. The results are aggregated using fuzzy arithmetic mean and defuzzified to provide an overall service quality measure. Trapezoidal membership functions are constructed based on the survey data to appropriately represent the fuzzy perceptions.
Governance of fuzzy systems to predict driver perception of service qualityiaemedu
This document discusses using fuzzy set theory to analyze driver perceptions of variable message signs (VMS). It involves using survey data to develop fuzzy membership functions representing linguistic scales and criteria importance weights. Individual driver perceptions are evaluated using these membership functions. The results are aggregated using fuzzy arithmetic mean and defuzzified to provide an overall service quality measure. Trapezoidal membership functions are constructed based on survey data distributions and design rules to quantitatively model vague perceptions.
IRJET- Mode Choice Behaviour Analysis of Students in Thrissur CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing the mode choice behavior of students in Thrissur city, India. The study aims to identify factors that influence students' choice of transportation mode and develop a multinomial logit model to predict future travel demand. Data was collected through surveys of 800 students across urban and rural schools. A multinomial logit model was developed using SPSS to analyze the effects of travel characteristics and student demographics on mode choice. The model found travel time, cost, distance, vehicle ownership, gender, age, and income to be important predictors of whether students walk, take the bus, or use other modes for school trips. The developed model could help transportation planners better understand student travel patterns and inform policies to improve
Similar to SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure:Agency in transport service: Implications of traveller mode choice objective and latent attributes using random parameter logit model (20)
Richard Skarbez presented a seminar titled "Cognitive Illusions in Virtual Reality: What do I mean? And why should you care?" as part of the SMART Seminar Series on the 4th March 2019.
More information:
https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/cognitive-illusions-in-virtual-reality-what-do-i-mean-and-why-should-you-care/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/events/category/smart-infrastructure-facility
Dr Ricardo Peculis presented a seminar titled "Trusted Autonomous Systems as System of Systems" as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 19th February 2019.
More information:
https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/trusted-autonomous-systems-as-system-of-systems/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/events/category/smart-infrastructure-facility"
David Kennewell presented a seminar titled " "The Evolution of the Metric System: From Precious Lumps of Metal to Constants of Nature" as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 1st November 2018.
More information:
https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/the-evolution-of-the-metric-system-from-precious-lumps-of-metal-to-constants-of-nature/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/events/category/smart-infrastructure-facility"
The document summarizes the evolution of the metric system from its origins in 1790 France to the proposed 2018 redefinition based on fundamental constants of nature. Key events include the 1793 definition of the meter based on the Earth's circumference, the establishment of the kilogram and international prototype in 1889, and the gradual shift to defining units through physical constants like the speed of light (meter) and Planck's constant (kilogram). The 2018 redefinition aims to define SI units in terms of seven defining constants, bringing the system into closer alignment with the natural world.
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/using-ai-and-edge-computing-devices-for-traffic-flow-monitoring/
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/blockchain-and-its-applications/
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/from-an-iot-cloud-based-architecture-to-edge-for-dynamic-service/
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/is-bus-bunching-serious-in-sydney-preliminary-findings-based-on-opal-card-data-analysis/
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/keep-it-smart-keep-it-simple-challenging-complexity-with-self-organising-software/
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More information: https://news.eis.uow.edu.au/event/risk-based-bridge-assessment-under-changing-load-demand-and-environmental-conditions/
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More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/potential-use-of-drones-for-infrastructure-inspection-and-survey/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/events/category/smart-infrastructure-facility/
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More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/a-journey-in-the-zoo-of-turing-patterns-the-topology-does-matter/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/events/category/smart-infrastructure-facility/
Dr Carole Adam presented a seminar titled Human behaviour modelling and simulation for crisis management as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 1st March 2018.
More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/human-behaviour-modelling-and-simulation-for-crisis-management/
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The document discusses dealing with uncertainty when making decisions about complex systems. It argues that traditional scientific approaches based on rational calculation and predictive modeling are inadequate for addressing real-world problems involving living systems, people, and interconnected risks. True uncertainty arises from complex, adaptive phenomena that cannot be reduced to simple cause-and-effect relationships or predicted with statistical models. Decision-making must account for the observer's role, embodiment, distributed robustness of living systems, and ethics. Flexible, participatory approaches are needed instead of top-down scientific management.
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More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/smart-cities-the-good-the-bad-the-ugly/
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More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/how-to-improve-the-order-of-evolutionary-models-in-agent-based-simulations-for-population-dynamics/
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Professor Tierry Monteil, professor in computer science at INSA – University of Toulouse and researcher at LAAS-CNRS presented on OneM2M and the interoperatbility of the IoT as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 13 December 2017.
More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/onem2m-towards-end-to-end-interoperability-of-the-iot/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/tag/smart-infrastructure/
Professor Peter Bridgewater, Chair of Landcare ACT and Adjunct Professor in Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity Governance at the University of Canberra, presented on blue-green vs grey-black infrastructure and which is the best way forward, as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 24 November 2017.
More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/blue-green-vs-grey-black-infrastructure-which-is-best-for-c21st-survival/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/tag/smart-infrastructure/
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SMART International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure:Agency in transport service: Implications of traveller mode choice objective and latent attributes using random parameter logit model
1. ENDORSING PARTNERS
Agency in transport service:
Implications of traveller mode choice
objective and latent attributes using
random parameter logit model
The following are confirmed contributors to the business and policy dialogue in Sydney:
•
Rick Sawers (National Australia Bank)
•
Nick Greiner (Chairman (Infrastructure NSW)
Monday, 30th September 2013: Business & policy Dialogue
3rd
Tuesday 1 October to Thursday,
October: Academic and Policy
Dialogue
Presented by: Mr AHM Mehbub Anwar, University of Wollongong
www.isngi.org
www.isngi.org
2. Agency in Transport Service: Implications
of Traveller Mode Choice Objective and
latent Attributes Using Random
Parameter Logit Model
A.H.M. Mehbub Anwar
ISNGI 2013, Wollongong
3. Principal-Agent (Agency) Theory
Focuses on a relationship between two parties
A relationship is understood when they involve in an
association wherein
one party (the principal) entrusts/delegates task
and/or work to another party called agent to act on
its behalf (Eisenhardt, 1989; Rungtusanatham et al.,
2007).
4. Principal-Agent (Agency) Theory:
Assumptions
Potential goal/choice conflicts exist between principal(s)
and agent(s);
Each party acts in its own self-interest; and
Informational asymmetry frequently exists between
principals and agents.
5. Principal-Agent (Agency) Problem
The assumptions reflect the agency problem, in fact.
This problem is appeared while the agent behaves
opportunistically in such a way that works against the
(goal) welfare of the principal (Barney & Hesterly, 1996).
The principal can’t monitor agent’s actions
6. Traveller and TfNSW Relationship
When travellers (principal) entrust their desire for a mode
of transport that is customer-focused (i.e. safe, reliable
and low cost) to the TfNSW (agent), this creates a
metaphorical contract between travellers and the TfNSW
(Transport for NSW), known as an agency contract.
Due to experiences and skills of TfNSW, TfNSW is
reasonably effective agent to fulfil the goals /
expectations entrusted by travellers.
7. Traveller and TfNSW Relationship
The tax and travel fares paid by the citizens (travellers)
are the source of funding of TfNSW.
Maximisation of the travellers’ benefit
Traveller and TfNSW act most likely in their own selfinterest - thus the contract is often characterised by
agency problem
Travellers may not trust the quality of services performed
by the TfNSW
8. Traveller Preference, Utility and Agency
Relationship
Traveller preference and utility are regarded as key
indicators of the traveller-TfNSW relationship
Utility is considered as a key indicator of traveller
satisfaction/expectation.
9. Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1 (H1): Traveller preferences influence TfNSW’s
decisions on modal services.
Hypothesis 2 (H2): Individual specific attributes affect
TfNSW’s planning of modal services.
Hypothesis 3 (H3): Mode specific attributes and nature of
trips have an effect also on TfNSW’s
decisions on modal service.
10. Data and Methods
• 2008/09 Household Travel Survey
(HTS)- Bureau of transport statistics,
Sydney
• Sydney and Illawarra Statistical
Divisions and the Newcastle SubStatistical Division
• Data from Sydney Statistical Division
(SSD) only (82121 trips)
11. Data and Methods
1
LVs
i) Comfort
ii) Convenience
iii) Safety
iv) Flexibility
v) Reliability
vi) Satisfaction
2
LOS
i) Travel time
ii) Travel cost
iii) Waiting
time
3
SEC
i) Age
ii) Income
iii) Family size
iv) Gender
v) Car ownership
vi) Number of
children
vii) Number of full
time workers
5
TOAs
1Latent
2
3
4
5
variables
Level of service
Socioeconomic characteristics
Trip characteristics
Traditional objective attributes
Fig. 1: List of LV and TOAs
4
TC
i) Trip rate,
ii) Distance
travelled
iii) Trip purpose
12. Data and Methods
Table 1: Description of indicators of LVs
Latent factors
Comfort
Convenience
Safety
Flexibility
Reliability
Satisfaction
Explained by (indicators)
- Enjoy time to read/relax on vehicle
- Stressfulness on vehicle
- Service slower
- Mode availability
- Accessibility (does not go where required)
- Timetable availability
- Safety response for mode used in 1st trip
- Safety response for mode used in 2nd trip
- Safety response for mode used in 3rd trip
- Fixed start and finish times – each day can vary
- Rotating shift
- Roster shift
- Variable hours
- Frequency
- Punctuality
- Faster
- Cleanliness
- Travel time
- Travel cost
- Waiting time
Definitions
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Importance with 1, otherwise 0
Travel time in minutes
Travel cost in Australian dollar
Waiting time in minutes
13. Data and Methods*
A discrete choice analysis is the most popular method (Train, 2009).
(1) Structural equation model
(SEM)
(2) Discrete choice model
MIMIC (Multiple Indicators
and Multiple Causes) model
Software used: AMOS v.19
Random parameter logit (RPL) model
Software used: Nlogit v.4
The indicators of LVs have been evaluated and validated using factor
analytic model (exploratory and confirmatory factor) (for details please
see Anwar et al., 2011)
*Similar
methods have been used in Anwar et al. (in press)
14. Data and Methods
MIMIC Model
Structural equation: ηijl = Σrαjlr * sijr + νijl
(1)
Measurement equation: yijp = Σlγjlp * ηijl + ζijp
(2)
ηijl =
yijp =
αjlr and γjlp =
sijr =
νijl and ζijp=
Latent variables
Indicators
Vector parameter to be estimated
Observed explanatory variables
Error terms
i = individual
j = alternative mode of transport
l = a LV
r = explanatory variables to TOAs
p = an indicator
15. Data and Methods
Comfort
Indicator - y1
Indicator – y2
Specification of MIMIC Model
Indicator – y3
Income
Indicator – y4
Convenience
Age
Example:
Comfort ij = α inc-com,j *Income i +
α age-com,j *Age i + α gencom,j *Gender i + α car-com,j *Car
ownership i + α ftw-com,j *Full
time workers i + α dtcom,j *Distance travelled + α chicom,j *Having children + ν com,ij
Indicator – y5
Gender
Indicator – y6
Having children
Indicator – y7
Car ownership
Safety
Indicator – y8
Indicator – y9
Travel time
Indicator – y10
Travel cost
Waiting time
Indicator – y11
Flexibility
Indicator – y12
Family size
Indicator – y13
Full time worker
Indicator – y14
Indicator – y15
Trip rate
Reliability
Trip purpose
Indicator – y16
Distance travelled
Indicator – y17
Indicator – y18
Indicator – y19
y y1,ij = γ y1,j * Comfort ij + ζ y1,ij
Satisfaction
Indicator – y20
Process of structural and measurement relationship (Anwar et al., in press)
16. Data and Methods
Hybrid discrete choice modelling
(i) sequential (also known as two-step) approach and
(ii) simultaneous approach
Step 1: A MIMIC model (a type of regression model with a latent
dependent variable(s) is estimated; and
Step 2: A choice model with random parameters is estimated with
incorporating the information from the first step.
17. Data and Methods
Hybrid discrete choice modelling
Why sequential approach:
(1) the estimated results were not statistically different from
simultaneous (Raveau et al., 2010);
(2) it is less cumbersome (Johansson et al. 2006)
(3) travel decision itself is sequential
18. Data and Methods
Hybrid random parameter logit model
Uij = Vij + εij,
(3)
Vij = Σkθjk * Xijk + Σlβjl * ηijl
(4)
Specifications of RPL
Uij =
xijβj
Set of explanatory variables observed
by the researcher. For example: SEC,
LOS and TC
= xijβj
Deterministic
component
εij,
+
+
(5)
Variables not observed by the researcher.
(Stochastic influence / error term)
zijηi +
Additional random term.
It models the presence of
correlation or heteroscedasticity
among alternatives
ϕij (6)
Random
component
Problem: When β parameters vary in the population and the researcher is not able to explain it.
19. Data and Methods
Specifications of RPL Model
Model of logit Pr (j|η) = Lj (η) = (expXjβj+Zjη)/(ΣJexpXJβJ+ZJη)
(7)
To derive RPL model from eq. 6 ϕ is assumed as IID extreme value η
follows a general distribution, f(η|Ω).
As η is not given, the (unconditional) choice probability is this logit
formula integrated over all values of η weighted by the density of η is the
RPL model as below:
P(j) = ∫η[(eXjβj+Zjη)/(ΣkeXkβk+Zkη)]f(ηΩ)∂η
(8)
Estimating β (random parameter) and Ω (non-random parameter).
20. Empirical Results
Table 2: MIMIC model results (α): structural equations (t-values in the parenthesis)
Travel
time
Comfort
Convenience
Flexibility
Safety
Reliability
Satisfaction
Model fit criteria
GFI
AGFI
NFI
CFI
RMSEA
Lower bound
upper bound
Travel
cost
Waiting
time
Age
Income
Family
size
Gender
Car
ownership
No. child
Full
time
Trip rate
Distance
travelled
Trip
purpose
-0.055
(-2.10)
-0.127
(-9.51)
-0.171
(-7.52)
-0.166
(-6.23)
-0.444
(-5.24)
-0.129
(-1.98)
-0.202
(-5.77)
-0.058
(-2.00)
-0.004
(-1.99)
-0.100
(-3.04)
-0.022
(1.87)
-0.155
(-6.66)
-0.175
(-2.00)
-0.222
(-4.35)
-0.067
(2.99)
-0.089
(-1.97)
-0.107
(-3.33)
-0.077
(-2.80)
-0.014
(-11.1)
-0.132
(-2.45)
-0.184
(-4.12)
-0.258
(-3.45)
-0.142
(-4.44)
-0.143
(-11.11)
0.145
(2.72)
0.189
(2.33)
0.082
(-3.50)
-0.136
(-4.49)
0.026
(2.17)
0.028
(4.52)
-0.008
(-3.15)
-0.006
(-3.45)
0.021
(5.10)
0.011
(6.0)
-0.009
(-2.10)
-0.086
(-4.44)
0.054
(3.35)
0.189
(2.85)
-0.106
(-3.13)
-0.08
(-6.85)
0.074
(3.85)
-0.086
(-3.45)
0.221
(5.00)
0.132
(5.63)
-0.011
(-2.50)
-0.087
(-6.78)
0.122
(3.21)
0.102
(6.19)
0.221
(4.21)
0.136
(2.89)
-0.121
(-6.37)
-0.121
(-6.37)
0.013
(4.25)
0.109
(15.25)
0.008
(2.03)
0.058
(4.68)
0.137
(3.43)
0.012
(2.00)
0.012
(2.00)
0.019
(3.17)
0.107
(17.83)
0.111
(4.84)
0.115
(2.05)
0.160
(8.00)
0.168
(6.41)
0.212
(3.45)
0.022
(7.33)
0.063
(1.75)
0.171
(2.00)
0.126
(10.5)
0.126
(5.73)
0.031
(2.58)
0.025
(2.08)
Significant at 90% level of confidence if 1.960 > t ≥ 1.645;
Significant at 95% level of confidence if 2.576 > t ≥ 1.960;
Significant at 99% level of confidence if 2.810 > t ≥ 2.576;
Significant at 99.5% level of confidence if 3.290 > t ≥ 2.810;
Significant at 99.9% level of confidence if t ≥ 3.290.
(Source: Anwar et al., 2011; Anwar et al., in press)
0.927
0.902
0.964
0.911
0.043
0.030 (90% CI of RMSEA)
0.051 (90% CI of RMSEA)
0.071
(3.44)
-0.037
(-3.63)
-0.037
(-3.44)
0.025
(3.13)
0.045
(5.63)
22. Empirical Results
Table 3 Results of random parameter logit models (t-values within the parenthesis) (Cont.)
Attributes
TRPL1
TRPL2
TRPL3
Nonrandom parameter in utility functions
Age
-0.08 (-0.99)
Having children under 5 yrs
-0.97 (-3.62)
Car ownership
1.27 (3.91)
Trip purpose
0.97 (2.89)
0.97 (2.91)
Travel time
-1.17 (-7.85) -1.17 (-8.77) -1.19 (-6.42)
Gender
0.29 (1.89)
0.32 (2.13) 0.39 (2.15)
Income
1.32 (1.85)
1.69 (1.11) 1.98 (1.91)
Family size
-0.94 (-0.45) 0.94 (1.01) 0.93 (0.99)
Full time workers of HH
0.97 (0.32)
0.97 (1.45) 0.97 (0.85)
Trip rate
0.91 (1.11)
0.91 (1.00) 0.91 (1.74)
Distance travelled
-0.19 (-1.89) -0.17 (-1.11) -0.78 (-1.01)
Mode constant
Car as a passenger (base)
0
0
0
Car as a driver
-2.22 (-2.45) -2.23 (-2.54) -2.22 (-3.10)
Train
-1.00 (-1.99) -1.17 (-1.98) -2.18 (-3.41)
Bus
-0.11 (-0.52) -0.12 (-1.23) -0.14 (-1.22)
HRPL
-1.11 (-3.63)
0.21 (2.69)
1.50 (0.89)
0.94 (1.00)
0.97 (1.01)
0.91 (1.86)
-0.24 (-1.12)
0
-2.41 (-9.00)
-2.39 (-7.15)
-0.10 (-1.53)
23. Empirical Results
Table 3 Results of random parameter logit models (t-values within the parenthesis) (Cont.)
Attributes
TRPL3
HRPL
-0.12 (-3.62)
-0.54 (-2.96)
-0.08 (-1.98)
0.01 (3.01)
-0.09 (-2.66)
0.01 (4.01)
-0.01 (-3.99)
-0.03 (-3.85)
-0.12 (-2.14)
0.65 (5.14)
-0.17 (-3.01)
0.05 (3.01)
0.09 (3.10)
0.10 (2.89)
0.45 (11.52)
0.05 (2.45)
0.31 (10.20)
0.08 (5.10)
Log likelihood function
McFadden Pseudo R-squared
Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)
Model statistics
-812.41
-768.31
0.21
0.25
0.019
0.018
-715.28
0.27
0.017
-613.37
0.36
0.014
Car as a driver
Car as a passenger
Train
Bus
Modal choice probability
0.713
0.721
0.080
0.075
0.159
0.160
0.048
0.044
0.731
0.055
0.181
0.033
0.785
0.010
0.190
0.015
Travel cost :Income
Waiting time :Income
Age: Income
Car ownership: Income
Having child: income
Purpose: Income
Comfort: Income
Convenience: Income
Safety: Income
Flexibility: Income
Reliability: Income
Satisfaction: Income
TRPL1
TRPL2
Heterogeneity around the mean
-0.11 (-4.21)
-0.10 (-2.98)
-0.54 (-3.56)
-0.54 (-2.56)
-0.11 (-1.89)
0.02 (3.12)
-0.02 (-1.99)
24. Empirical Results
Significant at 90% level of confidence if 1.960 > t ≥ 1.645;
Significant at 95% level of confidence if 2.576 > t ≥ 1.960;
Significant at 99% level of confidence if 2.810 > t ≥ 2.576;
Significant at 99.5% level of confidence if 3.290 > t ≥ 2.810;
Significant at 99.9% level of confidence if t ≥ 3.290.
25. Discussions and Conclusions
• Percentage of car usage is notably high – presence of
agency problem
• Required to understand the lack of awareness about
travellers’ utility
• The HRPL mode is more powerful than the TRPL model
• The LVs dominate the traveller choice process
26. Discussions and Conclusions
• Therefore, traveller choice attributes are the key issues in
the traveller-TfNSW relationship
• The hierarchy of importance of attributes are relevant in the
context of transport policy responses
• This study has clarified the nature of such a policy response
by indicating which attributes of the traveller-TfNSW
relationship are most important to travellers.
27. Discussions and Conclusions
• It is understood that traveller’s preference to mode choice
is a fundamental factor to resolve the agency problem
• Finally, TfNSW needs to be aware of those attributes of
travellers’ choice process that should increase travellers’
utility the most.
• Thus, the maximisation of traveller’s utility helps to rectify
the agency problem.
28. References
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Anwar, A.H.M.M., Tieu, K., Gibson, P., Berryman, M., & Win, K.T. (2011). Structuring the influence of
latent variables in traveller preference heterogeneity. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference
of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies, Hong Kong, 141-148.
Anwar, A.H.M.M., Tieu, K., Gibson, P., Win, K.T. & Berryman J.M. (in press). Analysing the heterogeneity
of traveller mode choice preference using a random parameter logit model from the perspective of
principal-agent theory. International Journal of Logistics Systems and management.
Barney, J.B. & Hesterly, W. (1996). Organizational economics: Understanding the relationship between
organizations and economic analysis. In handbook of organization, C. Stewart, H. Cynthia, and N.
Walter R. (Ed.), London and Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
Eisenhardt, K.M., (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of Management Review,
14(1), 57-74.
Johansson M.V, Heldt, T., & Johansson, P. (2006). The effects of attitudes and personality traits on
mode choice. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 40(6), 507-525.
Raveau, S., Alvarez-Daziano, R., Yanez, M.F., Bolduc, D. and de Dios Ortuzar, J. (2010) ‘Sequential and
simultaneous estimation of hybrid discrete choice models: some new findings’, Transportation
Research Record, No. 2156, pp.131-139.
Rungtusanatham, M., Rabinovich, E., Ashenbaum, B. & Wallin, C. (2007). Vendor-owned inventory
management arrangements in retail: an agency theory perspective. Journal of Business Logistics, 28(1),
111-35.
29. A.H.M. Mehbub Anwar
Kiet Tieu
Peter Gibson
Khin Than Win
Matthew J. Berryman
PhD Student
Professor
Associate Professor
Senior Lecturer
Senior Research Fellow
Email: ahmma324@uowmail.edu.au
Email: ktieu@uow.edu.au
Email: peterg@uow.edu.au
Email: win@uow.edu.au
Email: mberryma@uow.edu.au