Machine learning allows computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. There are two main types of machine learning: supervised learning, where correct outputs are provided for training data, and unsupervised learning, where the algorithm must discover patterns in unlabeled data. Deep learning uses neural networks for supervised learning tasks like classification and regression. Frameworks provide tools for designing, training, and validating deep learning models. Azure Machine Learning Studio provides a graphical interface for machine learning experiments along with tools for data preparation, model training and evaluation, and deployment.