Mediterranean cuisine originated from cultures surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Though diverse, the region shares common elements due to climate and trade, including plant-based diets featuring olive oil, fruits/vegetables, legumes, fish, and grains. The cuisine developed over millennia and was popularized in the 20th century for its health benefits like low saturated fat and high fiber content. Key ingredients include olive oil, tomatoes, eggplant, chickpeas, couscous, broccoli rabe, hazelnuts, and shrimp.