This document discusses the history and growth of cosmetic surgery in India. It notes that cosmetic surgery dates back to ancient India with techniques described in the Sushrut Samhita in the 5th century BC. The document outlines key developments in cosmetic surgery throughout the 20th century in various countries. It then summarizes the history of cosmetic surgery in India, noting that the Cosmetic Surgery Center of India was established in 1987 and saw rapid growth, with procedures increasing over 670% between 1987-2004. Common cosmetic surgery procedures performed in India are also listed.
This document discusses the future of cosmetic surgery in India according to Dr. Vijay Sharma. It notes that India has become a major medical tourism destination, and cosmetic surgery in particular is flourishing due to availability of qualified surgeons, high-quality implants and equipment, advanced technology, and continual medical education. Some key factors driving the growth of cosmetic surgery in India include changes in lifestyle, increased awareness, professional needs, important life events, self-image concerns, and globalization. The number of cosmetic surgeries performed in India has increased over 600-fold from 1987 to 2004. Common procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
The document discusses the growth of cosmetic surgery in India from 1987 to 2006. It notes that the first cosmetic surgery center in India was founded in 1987 in Bombay by Dr. Vijay Sharma. Since then, cosmetic surgeries in India have increased over 600-fold. Common procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction. The document attributes the rise in cosmetic procedures to factors like increased awareness, lifestyle changes, globalization, and the success of Indian beauty pageant contestants.
1) Cosmetic surgery tourism is growing in India due to the availability of highly qualified surgeons, high quality implants and equipment, and lower costs compared to other countries.
2) Factors driving the rise in cosmetic procedures in India include increased awareness, globalization and exposure to international beauty standards, and the need for professionals to appear more presentable for business.
3) Between 1987-2004, cosmetic surgeries in India increased over 600-fold, with the most common procedures being rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
This document discusses the debate around full face transplantation. It presents the story of Poonam Singhal, who suffered severe facial disfigurement from an acid attack. The document considers whether full face transplantation is now technically and ethically feasible, given advances in areas like microsurgery, immunosuppressive drugs, and computer imaging. It outlines some of the medical, legal, and ethical issues to consider, such as donor selection and consent, ensuring transplants are only done on appropriate recipients like severe burn victims, and amending laws around acid attacks. Hypothetical before and after computer images are presented of what a full face transplant for Poonam Singhal may look like.
This document discusses the possibility and ethics of performing a full face transplant. It presents the case study of Ms. Poonam Singhal, who suffered severe facial disfigurement from an acid attack. The document outlines the medical feasibility of a full face transplant using modern techniques like microsurgery, immunosuppressants, and tissue matching. It also considers ethical issues like finding an appropriate donor and managing post-operative care. Hypothetical imaging is presented to illustrate what Ms. Singhal's face could look like after a successful full face transplant. The debate on this procedure is just beginning.
The document discusses the future of medical tourism and cosmetic surgery in India. It notes that frequent international travel has increased due to advances in aviation, and many now travel abroad for medical purposes. India has become a major destination for medical tourism, especially for cosmetic surgery, due to several factors: the availability of highly qualified surgeons, high-quality implants and equipment, advanced technologies, and continual medical education. The number of cosmetic surgeries performed in India has grown significantly between 1987 and 2004. Common cosmetic procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
The document discusses the rise in popularity of cosmetic surgery in India from 1987 to 2004. It attributes this 600-fold increase to several key factors, including increased awareness, emphasis on youth and beauty in modern Indian culture, globalization, and the need for professional presentation. Cosmetic surgery is now more widely available and affordable in India compared to other countries. The document also provides before and after photos of common cosmetic procedures like nose jobs, breast augmentations, and fat removal treatments.
The document discusses breast augmentation, including indications for the procedure, surgical approaches, implant placement and types, the operative procedure, postoperative care, and potential complications. Breast augmentation involves surgically increasing breast size through the use of saline- or silicone-filled breast implants inserted through incisions around the nipple, under the arm, or in the breast crease. Postoperative recovery takes several weeks, with limited activity and follow up visits with the surgeon to monitor healing.
This document discusses the future of cosmetic surgery in India according to Dr. Vijay Sharma. It notes that India has become a major medical tourism destination, and cosmetic surgery in particular is flourishing due to availability of qualified surgeons, high-quality implants and equipment, advanced technology, and continual medical education. Some key factors driving the growth of cosmetic surgery in India include changes in lifestyle, increased awareness, professional needs, important life events, self-image concerns, and globalization. The number of cosmetic surgeries performed in India has increased over 600-fold from 1987 to 2004. Common procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
The document discusses the growth of cosmetic surgery in India from 1987 to 2006. It notes that the first cosmetic surgery center in India was founded in 1987 in Bombay by Dr. Vijay Sharma. Since then, cosmetic surgeries in India have increased over 600-fold. Common procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction. The document attributes the rise in cosmetic procedures to factors like increased awareness, lifestyle changes, globalization, and the success of Indian beauty pageant contestants.
1) Cosmetic surgery tourism is growing in India due to the availability of highly qualified surgeons, high quality implants and equipment, and lower costs compared to other countries.
2) Factors driving the rise in cosmetic procedures in India include increased awareness, globalization and exposure to international beauty standards, and the need for professionals to appear more presentable for business.
3) Between 1987-2004, cosmetic surgeries in India increased over 600-fold, with the most common procedures being rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
This document discusses the debate around full face transplantation. It presents the story of Poonam Singhal, who suffered severe facial disfigurement from an acid attack. The document considers whether full face transplantation is now technically and ethically feasible, given advances in areas like microsurgery, immunosuppressive drugs, and computer imaging. It outlines some of the medical, legal, and ethical issues to consider, such as donor selection and consent, ensuring transplants are only done on appropriate recipients like severe burn victims, and amending laws around acid attacks. Hypothetical before and after computer images are presented of what a full face transplant for Poonam Singhal may look like.
This document discusses the possibility and ethics of performing a full face transplant. It presents the case study of Ms. Poonam Singhal, who suffered severe facial disfigurement from an acid attack. The document outlines the medical feasibility of a full face transplant using modern techniques like microsurgery, immunosuppressants, and tissue matching. It also considers ethical issues like finding an appropriate donor and managing post-operative care. Hypothetical imaging is presented to illustrate what Ms. Singhal's face could look like after a successful full face transplant. The debate on this procedure is just beginning.
The document discusses the future of medical tourism and cosmetic surgery in India. It notes that frequent international travel has increased due to advances in aviation, and many now travel abroad for medical purposes. India has become a major destination for medical tourism, especially for cosmetic surgery, due to several factors: the availability of highly qualified surgeons, high-quality implants and equipment, advanced technologies, and continual medical education. The number of cosmetic surgeries performed in India has grown significantly between 1987 and 2004. Common cosmetic procedures include rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, and liposuction.
The document discusses the rise in popularity of cosmetic surgery in India from 1987 to 2004. It attributes this 600-fold increase to several key factors, including increased awareness, emphasis on youth and beauty in modern Indian culture, globalization, and the need for professional presentation. Cosmetic surgery is now more widely available and affordable in India compared to other countries. The document also provides before and after photos of common cosmetic procedures like nose jobs, breast augmentations, and fat removal treatments.
The document discusses breast augmentation, including indications for the procedure, surgical approaches, implant placement and types, the operative procedure, postoperative care, and potential complications. Breast augmentation involves surgically increasing breast size through the use of saline- or silicone-filled breast implants inserted through incisions around the nipple, under the arm, or in the breast crease. Postoperative recovery takes several weeks, with limited activity and follow up visits with the surgeon to monitor healing.
This document outlines the training programs and certification process for the International College of Cosmetic Surgery. It describes a multi-year certification process that requires candidates to complete clinical training, submit a log of surgical cases, and pass written and oral examinations to become a Fellow or Member. Fellows would be certified to perform cosmetic surgical procedures, while Members would be certified to perform non-invasive cosmetic procedures. The document also describes requirements for continuing education to maintain certification every two years through the College's re-certification program.
This document discusses common postoperative complications that can occur with silicon implants, specifically for the nose, cheeks, chin, and breasts. Some frequent complications include edema, redness, infections, abnormal pigmentation, transparent reflection of the implant, displacement of the implant, and rejection. Based on a study of 179 nose implants, 58 chin implants, 27 cheek implants, and 253 breast augmentations, the most common issues were edema, residual edema, redness, abnormal pigmentation, transparent reflection, infection, dissatisfaction leading to removal, and displacement of the implant. A unique complication of breast implants is capsule formation, requiring manual breaking for the first postoperative year. Rejection of implants is rare.
The document provides historical background on cosmetic surgery, tracing its origins from ancient Egypt and India to modern developments. It discusses notions of beauty across cultures and the scope of modern cosmetic surgery procedures. It then focuses on the boom in cosmetic surgery in South Korea, citing factors like a competitive society that values physical attractiveness, media influence, and affordable costs. Statistics are given on the size of Korea's cosmetic surgery market compared to other nations. Potential impacts and effects of widespread cosmetic surgery are discussed. The document concludes by posing discussion questions about perspectives on cosmetic surgery.
Dr. Vijay Sharma outlines the key duties and rights of cosmetic surgeons. Some of the main duties include rendering services to improve patients' emotional well-being and confidence rather than just for financial gain. Cosmetic surgeons must obtain proper informed consent, maintain patient privacy and confidentiality, and make treatment recommendations based on scientific evidence. They should not solicit patients directly or use publicity for commercial purposes. Cosmetic surgeons also have a duty to continue their education, treat all patients respectfully regardless of attributes, and observe relevant laws and ethical standards in their practice.
JW Plastic Surgery Center, Korea plastic surgery informationMan Koon SUH
The JW Plastic Surgery Clinic strives to enhance customer satisfaction and reveal patients' inner beauty through customized plastic surgery procedures. It operates 6 specialized clinics with experienced medical teams and offers a comprehensive patient care program including safe anesthesia, specialized post-operative equipment like ultrasound therapy, and massage to manage swelling and promote healing. The goal is to secure patients' safety, convenience, and a fast recovery.
This document discusses different types of cosmetic surgery procedures. It begins by defining cosmetic surgery and its purposes of improving aesthetics, confidence, and self-esteem. Some common cosmetic surgeries described include bariatric surgery to treat obesity, various breast augmentation and reduction procedures, and liposuction to remove body fat. The document also mentions facial procedures like facelifts and the use of botulinum toxin injections. It provides guidelines for appropriate ages for different surgeries and lists common cosmetic procedures available in Puerto Rico such as rhinoplasty, abdominoplasty, and injectable fillers.
The document is a research paper on the history and profession of cosmetology. It discusses how cosmetology has evolved over time from its origins in ancient Egypt and Greece to modern day. It also outlines the process of becoming a cosmetologist, including the required 1600 hours of education and licensure. While cosmetology provides benefits like beautifying clients, the document also notes some potential health risks of chemicals in shampoos and their environmental impact. Overall, the author concludes cosmetology would be a good career choice for them due to their artistic and social skills.
Dr David Topchian is a Cosmetic Surgeon based in Melbourne, Australia. Since 2001, Dr David Topchian has worked in a number of Cosmetic Surgeries across Australia. He is the most experienced doctor in Melbourne in the use of the polyurethane coated silicone gel implants, successfully performing over 700 Breast Augmentations using these implants. He has extensive teaching experience and is involved in training surgeons in a variety of cosmetic procedures. Dr David Topchian uses the latest and most innovative techniques to achieve the best outcome for his patients.
Credentials:
- Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery, University of Melbourne
- Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practice
- Fellowship of the Australasian College of Cosmetic Surgery
Find out more in his CV and please visit www.drdavid.com.au and www.drdavidtopchian.com.au for more information.
Cosmetic Harmony, based in Bogotá, Colombia, is a medical tourism company specializing in complete cosmetic surgery packages, including cosmetic procedures, travel, accommodations, transportation to medical appointments, a bilingual personal assistant and medications.
Plastic surgery is a medical specialty involving reconstruction or cosmetic body modification. Common plastic surgeries include nose jobs, breast augmentations, and blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery). Botox uses botulinum toxin to temporarily paralyze muscles, and silicone breast implants are made of silicone polymer. Spain performs over 300,000 plastic surgery operations annually, mostly nose jobs and breast augmentations for women and baldness treatments or liposuction for men. Common procedures range in price from €2,500-6,000. Some famous people who have undergone plastic surgery include Scarlett Johansson, Victoria Beckham, and Letizia Ortiz.
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Vijay Sharma on the use of 3D computer imaging as an assessment tool for cosmetic surgeons. 3D imaging allows for clear evaluation of aesthetic defects, shows patients multiple surgical options, and helps manage expectations by demonstrating limitations and potential complications. It gives surgeons and patients freedom to view the face from any angle and closely examine flaws. Using 3D cameras, TVs, glasses and a joystick, Dr. Sharma found 3D imaging enhances confidence in decisions, ensures awareness of postoperative issues, and reduces unrealistic hopes for patients.
The document outlines golden rules of beauty according to Dr. Vijay Sharma. It states that an oval face shape is considered the most beautiful for women, and high cheekbones and wide-open eyes are also considered attractive. It explains that these features signify a feminine bone structure and increased resistance to wrinkles.
This document provides guidance on properly consulting with patients considering cosmetic surgery. It outlines important steps like determining the patient's motivation, assessing their emotional state, examining relevant areas, and recommending the right procedure or surgeon. The key aspects are choosing a qualified surgeon, making sure the timing is appropriate, matching expectations with limitations, and committing only to what can realistically be delivered to achieve the best outcome.
1. The document discusses the concept of "hyperaesthetic tension", which is the constant worry about one's appearance in modern society due to emphasis on youth, beauty, and success.
2. It notes how every body part can be subjected to various beauty treatments and procedures by industries and professionals focused on aesthetics and appearance enhancement.
3. The medical field has also contributed to this focus on beauty, with specialties like cosmetic surgery emerging to modify and "beautify" various aspects of the body.
Complications of textured_surface_implantsKpras Prasanna
Silicone breast implants are generally considered biologically inert. However, some patients develop seromas following implantation. This document discusses several hypothesized pathophysiological pathways by which textured silicone breast implants could potentially cause generalized symptoms, but finds each of them implausible based on the scientific evidence. Specifically, silicone is unlikely to act as an antigen, adjuvant, or hapten due to its small size and inability to repeatedly bind to host molecules. A foreign body reaction and resultant cytokine production also would not be expected to cause systemic disease. The document concludes it is very unlikely that silicone breast implants can induce generalized symptoms or disease.
1) The document compares the use of phenol-based chemical peels with and without the addition of crotamiton oil on 127 patients. Phenol peels remove the epidermis and upper dermis, resulting in a smoother appearance after new skin growth.
2) When used without crotamiton oil, phenol peels caused coagulation of proteins in the skin and whitening within days, with a light brown color developing within 3 days and peeling complete within 7-12 days.
3) Complications were minor and temporary in most cases, with irritation and edema the most common. No serious toxic effects were observed from the phenol amounts used. Success rates for treating wrinkles
Hair weaving can cause several health issues including allergies, eczema, errythema, seborrhea, dermatitis, headaches, dizziness, and migraines. The document lists potential skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis as well as neurological symptoms including headaches, dizziness, and migraines as hazards of hair weaving.
This document discusses the role of advanced computer simulation in modern cosmetic surgery. It describes how computer simulation can help both physicians and patients by allowing patients to visually express their desired changes and allowing doctors to demonstrate expected results. The objectives of computer simulation are to avoid patient dissatisfaction by explaining realistic expectations and limitations prior to surgery. A survey of over 7,000 patients found that explaining both desired results and potential problems led to higher patient satisfaction compared to only explaining benefits. The conclusion is that educating patients thoroughly through computer simulation can increase satisfaction by managing expectations.
Dr. Vijay Sharma outlines 11 "Golden Rules of Beauty" based on facial features and proportions that are considered universally attractive. These include having an oval face, equal length of face above and below the nose, high cheekbones, convex rather than concave facial features, and balanced proportions between parts of the face and body. He argues that modern society puts immense pressure on individuals to conform to narrow beauty standards due to emphasis on youth, beauty, and success. This "hyperaesthetic tension" has led to an increase in cosmetic procedures and taken importance away from inner virtues. Societal tolerance for those not considered attractive has decreased significantly.
Dr. Vijay Sharma proposes the concept of a Human Fat Tissue Bank that would collect, store, and preserve human fat cells through liposuction in order to later reintroduce the fat through autologous fat grafting or transplantation. The fat would be collected aseptically, stored at hypothermic temperatures, and later grafted back into the same patient or potentially another human to fill wrinkles or defects. Initial observations of autologous fat grafting show the fat can remain integrated for 12-24 months with less scarring than other dermal fillers. The Human Fat Tissue Banking concept could allow for autologous, homologous, or even heterologous fat grafting between humans and
Plastic surgery has evolved significantly over the past century. It began as a reconstructive specialty to repair physical deformities but now also includes cosmetic procedures. The document discusses the history and origins of plastic surgery from ancient times through modern developments. It also examines Islamic perspectives on plastic surgery and compares advances in plastic surgery between Pakistan and other countries. Both benefits like improved confidence and risks like long recovery times are outlined.
Plastic surgery has a long history dating back to ancient India and Egypt. Modern plastic surgery techniques were developed in the early 20th century, especially during World War I to treat facial injuries. The most common plastic surgery procedures in the UK are breast augmentation for women and rhinoplasty for both men and women. While plastic surgery is less common in the UK compared to other countries, demand has been growing in recent years, especially for procedures to correct gynecomastia in men. Australia has also seen growth in plastic surgery, with a study finding that women who have had cosmetic procedures were more likely to frequently use other health services as well.
This document outlines the training programs and certification process for the International College of Cosmetic Surgery. It describes a multi-year certification process that requires candidates to complete clinical training, submit a log of surgical cases, and pass written and oral examinations to become a Fellow or Member. Fellows would be certified to perform cosmetic surgical procedures, while Members would be certified to perform non-invasive cosmetic procedures. The document also describes requirements for continuing education to maintain certification every two years through the College's re-certification program.
This document discusses common postoperative complications that can occur with silicon implants, specifically for the nose, cheeks, chin, and breasts. Some frequent complications include edema, redness, infections, abnormal pigmentation, transparent reflection of the implant, displacement of the implant, and rejection. Based on a study of 179 nose implants, 58 chin implants, 27 cheek implants, and 253 breast augmentations, the most common issues were edema, residual edema, redness, abnormal pigmentation, transparent reflection, infection, dissatisfaction leading to removal, and displacement of the implant. A unique complication of breast implants is capsule formation, requiring manual breaking for the first postoperative year. Rejection of implants is rare.
The document provides historical background on cosmetic surgery, tracing its origins from ancient Egypt and India to modern developments. It discusses notions of beauty across cultures and the scope of modern cosmetic surgery procedures. It then focuses on the boom in cosmetic surgery in South Korea, citing factors like a competitive society that values physical attractiveness, media influence, and affordable costs. Statistics are given on the size of Korea's cosmetic surgery market compared to other nations. Potential impacts and effects of widespread cosmetic surgery are discussed. The document concludes by posing discussion questions about perspectives on cosmetic surgery.
Dr. Vijay Sharma outlines the key duties and rights of cosmetic surgeons. Some of the main duties include rendering services to improve patients' emotional well-being and confidence rather than just for financial gain. Cosmetic surgeons must obtain proper informed consent, maintain patient privacy and confidentiality, and make treatment recommendations based on scientific evidence. They should not solicit patients directly or use publicity for commercial purposes. Cosmetic surgeons also have a duty to continue their education, treat all patients respectfully regardless of attributes, and observe relevant laws and ethical standards in their practice.
JW Plastic Surgery Center, Korea plastic surgery informationMan Koon SUH
The JW Plastic Surgery Clinic strives to enhance customer satisfaction and reveal patients' inner beauty through customized plastic surgery procedures. It operates 6 specialized clinics with experienced medical teams and offers a comprehensive patient care program including safe anesthesia, specialized post-operative equipment like ultrasound therapy, and massage to manage swelling and promote healing. The goal is to secure patients' safety, convenience, and a fast recovery.
This document discusses different types of cosmetic surgery procedures. It begins by defining cosmetic surgery and its purposes of improving aesthetics, confidence, and self-esteem. Some common cosmetic surgeries described include bariatric surgery to treat obesity, various breast augmentation and reduction procedures, and liposuction to remove body fat. The document also mentions facial procedures like facelifts and the use of botulinum toxin injections. It provides guidelines for appropriate ages for different surgeries and lists common cosmetic procedures available in Puerto Rico such as rhinoplasty, abdominoplasty, and injectable fillers.
The document is a research paper on the history and profession of cosmetology. It discusses how cosmetology has evolved over time from its origins in ancient Egypt and Greece to modern day. It also outlines the process of becoming a cosmetologist, including the required 1600 hours of education and licensure. While cosmetology provides benefits like beautifying clients, the document also notes some potential health risks of chemicals in shampoos and their environmental impact. Overall, the author concludes cosmetology would be a good career choice for them due to their artistic and social skills.
Dr David Topchian is a Cosmetic Surgeon based in Melbourne, Australia. Since 2001, Dr David Topchian has worked in a number of Cosmetic Surgeries across Australia. He is the most experienced doctor in Melbourne in the use of the polyurethane coated silicone gel implants, successfully performing over 700 Breast Augmentations using these implants. He has extensive teaching experience and is involved in training surgeons in a variety of cosmetic procedures. Dr David Topchian uses the latest and most innovative techniques to achieve the best outcome for his patients.
Credentials:
- Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery, University of Melbourne
- Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practice
- Fellowship of the Australasian College of Cosmetic Surgery
Find out more in his CV and please visit www.drdavid.com.au and www.drdavidtopchian.com.au for more information.
Cosmetic Harmony, based in Bogotá, Colombia, is a medical tourism company specializing in complete cosmetic surgery packages, including cosmetic procedures, travel, accommodations, transportation to medical appointments, a bilingual personal assistant and medications.
Plastic surgery is a medical specialty involving reconstruction or cosmetic body modification. Common plastic surgeries include nose jobs, breast augmentations, and blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery). Botox uses botulinum toxin to temporarily paralyze muscles, and silicone breast implants are made of silicone polymer. Spain performs over 300,000 plastic surgery operations annually, mostly nose jobs and breast augmentations for women and baldness treatments or liposuction for men. Common procedures range in price from €2,500-6,000. Some famous people who have undergone plastic surgery include Scarlett Johansson, Victoria Beckham, and Letizia Ortiz.
This document summarizes a presentation by Dr. Vijay Sharma on the use of 3D computer imaging as an assessment tool for cosmetic surgeons. 3D imaging allows for clear evaluation of aesthetic defects, shows patients multiple surgical options, and helps manage expectations by demonstrating limitations and potential complications. It gives surgeons and patients freedom to view the face from any angle and closely examine flaws. Using 3D cameras, TVs, glasses and a joystick, Dr. Sharma found 3D imaging enhances confidence in decisions, ensures awareness of postoperative issues, and reduces unrealistic hopes for patients.
The document outlines golden rules of beauty according to Dr. Vijay Sharma. It states that an oval face shape is considered the most beautiful for women, and high cheekbones and wide-open eyes are also considered attractive. It explains that these features signify a feminine bone structure and increased resistance to wrinkles.
This document provides guidance on properly consulting with patients considering cosmetic surgery. It outlines important steps like determining the patient's motivation, assessing their emotional state, examining relevant areas, and recommending the right procedure or surgeon. The key aspects are choosing a qualified surgeon, making sure the timing is appropriate, matching expectations with limitations, and committing only to what can realistically be delivered to achieve the best outcome.
1. The document discusses the concept of "hyperaesthetic tension", which is the constant worry about one's appearance in modern society due to emphasis on youth, beauty, and success.
2. It notes how every body part can be subjected to various beauty treatments and procedures by industries and professionals focused on aesthetics and appearance enhancement.
3. The medical field has also contributed to this focus on beauty, with specialties like cosmetic surgery emerging to modify and "beautify" various aspects of the body.
Complications of textured_surface_implantsKpras Prasanna
Silicone breast implants are generally considered biologically inert. However, some patients develop seromas following implantation. This document discusses several hypothesized pathophysiological pathways by which textured silicone breast implants could potentially cause generalized symptoms, but finds each of them implausible based on the scientific evidence. Specifically, silicone is unlikely to act as an antigen, adjuvant, or hapten due to its small size and inability to repeatedly bind to host molecules. A foreign body reaction and resultant cytokine production also would not be expected to cause systemic disease. The document concludes it is very unlikely that silicone breast implants can induce generalized symptoms or disease.
1) The document compares the use of phenol-based chemical peels with and without the addition of crotamiton oil on 127 patients. Phenol peels remove the epidermis and upper dermis, resulting in a smoother appearance after new skin growth.
2) When used without crotamiton oil, phenol peels caused coagulation of proteins in the skin and whitening within days, with a light brown color developing within 3 days and peeling complete within 7-12 days.
3) Complications were minor and temporary in most cases, with irritation and edema the most common. No serious toxic effects were observed from the phenol amounts used. Success rates for treating wrinkles
Hair weaving can cause several health issues including allergies, eczema, errythema, seborrhea, dermatitis, headaches, dizziness, and migraines. The document lists potential skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis as well as neurological symptoms including headaches, dizziness, and migraines as hazards of hair weaving.
This document discusses the role of advanced computer simulation in modern cosmetic surgery. It describes how computer simulation can help both physicians and patients by allowing patients to visually express their desired changes and allowing doctors to demonstrate expected results. The objectives of computer simulation are to avoid patient dissatisfaction by explaining realistic expectations and limitations prior to surgery. A survey of over 7,000 patients found that explaining both desired results and potential problems led to higher patient satisfaction compared to only explaining benefits. The conclusion is that educating patients thoroughly through computer simulation can increase satisfaction by managing expectations.
Dr. Vijay Sharma outlines 11 "Golden Rules of Beauty" based on facial features and proportions that are considered universally attractive. These include having an oval face, equal length of face above and below the nose, high cheekbones, convex rather than concave facial features, and balanced proportions between parts of the face and body. He argues that modern society puts immense pressure on individuals to conform to narrow beauty standards due to emphasis on youth, beauty, and success. This "hyperaesthetic tension" has led to an increase in cosmetic procedures and taken importance away from inner virtues. Societal tolerance for those not considered attractive has decreased significantly.
Dr. Vijay Sharma proposes the concept of a Human Fat Tissue Bank that would collect, store, and preserve human fat cells through liposuction in order to later reintroduce the fat through autologous fat grafting or transplantation. The fat would be collected aseptically, stored at hypothermic temperatures, and later grafted back into the same patient or potentially another human to fill wrinkles or defects. Initial observations of autologous fat grafting show the fat can remain integrated for 12-24 months with less scarring than other dermal fillers. The Human Fat Tissue Banking concept could allow for autologous, homologous, or even heterologous fat grafting between humans and
Plastic surgery has evolved significantly over the past century. It began as a reconstructive specialty to repair physical deformities but now also includes cosmetic procedures. The document discusses the history and origins of plastic surgery from ancient times through modern developments. It also examines Islamic perspectives on plastic surgery and compares advances in plastic surgery between Pakistan and other countries. Both benefits like improved confidence and risks like long recovery times are outlined.
Plastic surgery has a long history dating back to ancient India and Egypt. Modern plastic surgery techniques were developed in the early 20th century, especially during World War I to treat facial injuries. The most common plastic surgery procedures in the UK are breast augmentation for women and rhinoplasty for both men and women. While plastic surgery is less common in the UK compared to other countries, demand has been growing in recent years, especially for procedures to correct gynecomastia in men. Australia has also seen growth in plastic surgery, with a study finding that women who have had cosmetic procedures were more likely to frequently use other health services as well.
The document provides information about the 17th annual IMCAS World Congress taking place from January 29th to February 1st, 2015. The congress will feature over 1,300 lectures on the latest developments in aesthetic surgery and cosmetic dermatology. Some of the topics that will be covered include fillers, lasers, rhinoplasty, body reshaping, lipofilling, stem cells, regenerative medicine, cosmeceuticals, technological innovations, and an economic tribune analyzing the aesthetic medical market. The congress is expected to attract 5,000 participants from over 84 countries.
Plastic Surgery Facts, Statistics, and Effects on SocietyMrG
Plastic surgery has become increasingly popular in the United States, with approximately 11.7 million cosmetic procedures performed in 2007. The three most common procedures for women were breast augmentation, liposuction, and eyelid surgery, while the top procedures for men were liposuction, eyelid surgery, and rhinoplasty. There has been a significant rise in both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures since 1997, driven in part by the portrayal of seemingly flawless celebrities in the media which influences societal standards of beauty and pressure to achieve perfection through cosmetic enhancement.
The document provides a history of plastic surgery and an overview of different types of plastic surgery procedures including reconstructive surgery, cosmetic surgery, chemical peels, breast augmentation, and liposuction. It discusses the origins of plastic surgery in India around 800 BC and its developments in the 19th century. Modern plastic surgery became more common in the 1960s-1970s. The document also briefly summarizes a 2008 survey of McMaster University students on their considerations of cosmetic surgery.
This document provides background information on the cosmetics industry and marketing translation. It discusses the history of cosmetics use dating back 4000 BC and how the industry developed over centuries. Today, cosmetics is a multi-billion dollar global industry dominated by large international corporations. Innovation, research/development, and heavy advertising are key drivers of the industry. The language used in cosmetics marketing borrows scientific terms and creates new words to describe products and their benefits.
Rhinoplasty is a plastic surgery procedure used to improve the appearance or function of the nose. The origins of rhinoplasty date back to ancient Egypt and India where techniques were developed to reconstruct noses. Over time, rhinoplasty techniques evolved in various cultures including ancient Rome, the Middle East, and Europe. In the late 19th/early 20th century, modern rhinoplasty emerged with focus on both functional and aesthetic procedures. Today, rhinoplasty remains a commonly performed cosmetic procedure with advances in techniques like closed and open approaches as well as 3D visualization.
Plastic surgery involves surgical procedures to reconstruct, restore, or alter the body for improved appearance or function, and includes reconstructive procedures to repair defects as well as cosmetic procedures to enhance aesthetic appeal. Common plastic surgery procedures target areas of the face like the nose or chin, as well as the hands, and a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials are used in operations. However, plastic surgery risks include bleeding, non-resolution of sinusitis after sinus surgery, cerebrospinal fluid leakage near the brain, and potential visual problems from eye or optic nerve injury.
Liposuction also known as liposculpture or lipoplasty is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of fat deposits by suction and the subsequent molding of the body. Each area of the body is treated independently.
this presentation is about the history of Botox, its discovery and consequently the usage. Botox is the Penicillin of 21st century.Botox discovery has been significantly affected modern medicine in the field of Aesthetic and general medicineIt is called medico- surgical combination. This is the aesthetic evolution of the new millennium . BOTOX mono therapy or combine with other procedures has revolutionized the Aesthetic industry.
Use of BOTOX in cosmetic industry and procedures doubled between 1999 and 2000 whereas the other procedures changed a little.
This document provides an introduction to cosmetics. It discusses the history of cosmetic use dating back to ancient civilizations. It notes that the use of cosmetics has increased exponentially in recent decades for both men and women. Cosmetics are classified into four main groups: those for skin, hair, nails, and hygiene. Skin cosmetics include solid products like powders and compacts as well as semi-solid and liquid formulations like creams and lotions. Hair cosmetics include products for cleansing, conditioning, styling, and coloring hair. Nail cosmetics include polishes, lacquers, and treatments. The document provides an overview of the key types of cosmetic products within
Having a perfect nose, perfect ears, and scar less face is as aesthetic as having a well and perfectly shaped dimple. It can be natural or well‑crafted by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, cosmetic surgeon. Hence, dimple surgery is very safe procedure and can be completed as an outpatient procedure in less time with minimum discomforts. The various described procedures for placing the dimple in cheeks are very simple and easy to perform by the surgeons and can impart a bold and attractive facial aesthetics.
With the influence of Western media, beauty ideals are changing globally. Traditional Chinese beauty preferences for fuller figures are shifting to favor slimmer builds and Western features following increased exposure to Western culture. This has led to a booming unregulated cosmetic surgery industry in China and discrimination against natural features. Similar shifts toward Western standards are occurring in other Asian countries and Africa due to colonialism.
12
Name:
Degree:
Output:
Media Arts
Undergraduate Dissertation
Title:
Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Abstract
Plastic surgeries have become part of many individuals' beauty living standards. Thus, plastic surgeries have been developed and helped by restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body by performing surgery. After that, cosmetic surgery formed and is classified as a branch of plastic surgery. Nowadays, many people are going under the knife for the sake of appearances, having one or more cosmetic surgery.
The research aims to show how plastic surgeries affected individuals and the world. Moreover, to display the factors that played a role in making plastic surgeries desirable such as social media and the high risks on health and society associated with cosmetic surgeries. The research will also discuss four cases of individuals who had cosmetic surgeries and how it impacted their life in a bad way. As more and more people have cosmetic surgeries, this research will serve as a tool to raise the knowledge of cosmetic surgeries' negative impacts on an individual and global scale. It will also give convincing evidence based on facts and statistics of why people shouldn't do cosmetic surgeries. This research will get to the root of the problem and thus serve to solve it as if you acknowledge a problem and work to fix it.
Thesis Issue
Plastic surgeries have a lot of great impacts which has also affected people who undergo this process negatively. It is reported that over 89% of people who consider plastic surgery are either unaware or have wrong information about plastic surgeries. The majority of these people are not well informed on the side effects that accompany plastic surgery. People are not concerned with carrying out research or significant information about plastic surgery. On the other hand, the plastic surgery experts are concerned with how they can have many clients to the extent of not providing preliminary information on the risks that come along with the desired results. Over 70% of plastic surgery clinics do not have pieces of equipment for emergency cases. Most of these clinics offer contractual services to experts to maximize their gains (Sung-wook and Ki-hwan 2013). Plastic surgery often causes physiological, social phobia, depression, and several plastic surgery-related disorders (Sansone & Sansone 2007). This research aims to inform about plastic surgery, demerits of plastic surgery, and a brief understanding of cosmetic surgery.
Keywords
Plastic surgery, Cosmetic surgery, Demerits, Clinics
Aim
The Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Objectives
i. To review the health risks associated with plastic surgeries.
ii. To review the economic effect of Plastic surgeries on individuals and the world.
Thesis Development
Plastic surgery is a procedure performed on a human's body to repair a body part damaged by an occurrence. It concerns tissues or skin repair. It is aimed at restoring tissue or skin function ...
12
Name:
Degree:
Output:
Media Arts
Undergraduate Dissertation
Title:
Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Abstract
Plastic surgeries have become part of many individuals' beauty living standards. Thus, plastic surgeries have been developed and helped by restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body by performing surgery. After that, cosmetic surgery formed and is classified as a branch of plastic surgery. Nowadays, many people are going under the knife for the sake of appearances, having one or more cosmetic surgery.
The research aims to show how plastic surgeries affected individuals and the world. Moreover, to display the factors that played a role in making plastic surgeries desirable such as social media and the high risks on health and society associated with cosmetic surgeries. The research will also discuss four cases of individuals who had cosmetic surgeries and how it impacted their life in a bad way. As more and more people have cosmetic surgeries, this research will serve as a tool to raise the knowledge of cosmetic surgeries' negative impacts on an individual and global scale. It will also give convincing evidence based on facts and statistics of why people shouldn't do cosmetic surgeries. This research will get to the root of the problem and thus serve to solve it as if you acknowledge a problem and work to fix it.
Thesis Issue
Plastic surgeries have a lot of great impacts which has also affected people who undergo this process negatively. It is reported that over 89% of people who consider plastic surgery are either unaware or have wrong information about plastic surgeries. The majority of these people are not well informed on the side effects that accompany plastic surgery. People are not concerned with carrying out research or significant information about plastic surgery. On the other hand, the plastic surgery experts are concerned with how they can have many clients to the extent of not providing preliminary information on the risks that come along with the desired results. Over 70% of plastic surgery clinics do not have pieces of equipment for emergency cases. Most of these clinics offer contractual services to experts to maximize their gains (Sung-wook and Ki-hwan 2013). Plastic surgery often causes physiological, social phobia, depression, and several plastic surgery-related disorders (Sansone & Sansone 2007). This research aims to inform about plastic surgery, demerits of plastic surgery, and a brief understanding of cosmetic surgery.
Keywords
Plastic surgery, Cosmetic surgery, Demerits, Clinics
Aim
The Demerits of Plastic Surgery
Objectives
i. To review the health risks associated with plastic surgeries.
ii. To review the economic effect of Plastic surgeries on individuals and the world.
Thesis Development
Plastic surgery is a procedure performed on a human's body to repair a body part damaged by an occurrence. It concerns tissues or skin repair. It is aimed at restoring tissue or skin function ...
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1. Dr. Vijay SharmaDr. Vijay Sharma
PresidentPresident
Federation of Restorative & Cosmetic SurgeryFederation of Restorative & Cosmetic Surgery
Indian Association of Cosmetic SurgeryIndian Association of Cosmetic Surgery
MEDICALTOURISIM IN INDIAMEDICALTOURISIM IN INDIA
Beautiful Faces & FigureBeautiful Faces & Figure
2. GROWTH OF MEDICAL TOURISIMMEDICAL TOURISIM IN INDIA
www.changinglooks.com
Between Year 1987 to 2004
3. Cosmetic surgery is not exactly a 20th
century vanity. Although
many of its innovations are the product of only the last two decades, as
a field of medical practice cosmetic surgery dates far, far back – to the
times of the Indian surgical wiz, Sushruta, in fact. That’s the fifth
century B.C. and the Sushrut Samhita tells how he used a flap of skin
from the cheek and forehead to restructure a nose lost through
accident or punishment.
What’s new about cosmetic surgery is, its current popular
image. No longer are nose jobs and tummy tucks a preserve of the
affluent set or the glamour professions. Today, not just movie stars
and top-drawer models, but also company executives, housewives and
college students see the aesthetic ideal as one worth pursuing without
apology or guilt. An aesthetically pleasing appearance is today
considered a vital component of self-esteem, social image, even job-
worthiness! Television, slick advertising, the year-long whirl of beauty
pageants, even health considerations… all have contributed to
creating a new but expanding global community of body-worshippers.
4. In India, the process has been nudged along by several specific
social trends. While, in earlier times, the joint family used to offer a
haven to those who were disabled or who suffered from a congenital
abnormality that compromised their chances in the social, job and
marriage arenas, today this familial crutch has all but disappeared. And
in so doing, it has provided the impetus for those whose physical
impediments might have stood as lifelong barriers to acceptance, to do
something about their defects of appearance. Cleft palates, jutting jaws,
bulbous noses, scar-pocked faces… all these and many more
imperfections can be dramatically transformed today with a deft scalpel.
And more and more Indians are thinking, why not?
A totally different kind of impetus has come from the promise
and possibilities held out by the burgeoning glamour industry. Thus, the
series of Indian triumphs on the international beauty stage in recent
years has proved to be a major fillip as thousands of want to-be queens
look to cosmetic surgeons to create for them those ‘winning’ looks and
figures!
5. World History of Cosmetic Surgery
The virtual run on cosmetic-surgery clinics that has been brought
on by these and other pulls and trends is however a relatively recent
phenomenon. For long centuries, the field of cosmetic surgery lay in
dormant neglect. The pioneering steps that led to its modern avatar can,
in fact, be traced to less than a century ago…
The first medical paper on cosmetic surgery was published in
1906 by Miller, an American surgeon. It described the “excision of bag-
like folds of skin from the region about the eyes”. Miller also published
another paper which carried the first photograph showing the line of
surgical incision. However, Miller has been described as an unethical
practitioner, and in fact many operations in those days were carried out
by unscrupulous surgeons who used newspaper advertisements to recruit
their patients.
In 1911, Kolle, another American surgeon, wrote a book titled,
“Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery”, incorporating descriptive procedures.
6. In 1919, Bonguet, an ophthalmologist, described the small
crescentric or angular type of incisions used in blepharoplasty.
In the same year, Passot published a paper describing the various
types of excisions and incisions used in the removal of specific areas of
skin excess.
In 1920, the surgeon, Bettmen, also presented a paper on the
facelift procedure, including “before” and “after” photographs of a
patient who had been operated upon.
In 1926, Hunt and Noel published books on cosmetic surgery in
which Noel emphasized the psychological aspects of cosmetic surgery.
Operations to correct nasal deformities had become more quickly
accepted because many of these deformities were associated with
functional problems, such as difficulty in breathing, which called for
correction for health reasons.
Still, some surgeons of these early decades of the 19th century
were unqualified; and the procedures themselves often risky. Paraffin,
injected sub-cutaneously, was used until the late 1920s to smooth out face
wrinkles though it resulted in endless complications such as the migration
of the inorganic material and the occurrence of paraffinomas.
7. In 1932, the German surgeon, Hollander, described the face-lift
surgery that he had performed in 1901. In contrast to the earlier practice of
excising isolated pieces of skin, Hollander claimed his technique was the first
to use what has now become the classic “around-and-under-and-above-the-
ears” incision that ‘lifts’ virtually the entire facial skin off its base!
Meanwhile, other surgeons were performing remarkable
transformations with World War soldiers who had been facially disfigured.
The War, in fact, marked a turning point in this field: ‘reconstructive’
surgery was leading inevitably to what we all know today as ‘aesthetic’
surgery for almost 40 years i.e. 1932 to 1973.
In 1973, Rees and Woodsmith reviewed the history of cosmetic
surgery in considerable detail.
In 1979, Anthony Erian of England opted to practice aesthetic
surgery as an independent and exclusive speciality. He is a master of
rhinoplasty; and he used a revolutionary laser technique for his face-lifts.
During the same era, Ziya Sylan of Germany, Melvin Shiffman,
Julius Newman of the U.S., Katsuya Takasu, Tetsuo Shu of Japan, Julio
Ferrarro of Argentina, Pierre Fournier of France, Georgio Fischer of Italy,
Eduardo Kurlig of Venezuela, Cao Min Zing of China also opted to specialise
practice exclusively in cosmetic surgery.
8. History of Cosmetic Surgery in India
In 1987, the Cosmetic Surgery Center of India was started in
Bombay by author Vijay Sharma as a speciality clinic. Currently, it
continues to offer only aesthetic surgery procedures, including the face-lift,
eyelid surgery, nasal surgery, facial contouring, ear correction, double-
chin correction, liposuction, lipectomy, breast implants, breast uplift,
breast reduction, Chemical Peeling, botox injections and several more
In 1997, the Center also started advance computer simulation
software and Sculptography, which uses a Plaster of Paris cast to obtain a
mould that provides a three-dimensional view of a patient’s face; this helps
the patient get more involved at the future planning stage of the surgery.
Worldwide, cosmetic surgery constitutes about 20 to 70 per cent of
the practice of renowned plastic surgeons. India is no exception, and in
terms of aesthetic sense Indian surgeons are at par with those anywhere
else in the world. On the basis of 15 years of a thriving independent
practice, I can confidently state that the time is overdue for young Indian
plastic surgeons to opt for cosmetic surgery as an independent specialty.
9. Common Cosmetic Surgery done in India
• Rhinoplasty
• Face Lift
• Breast Implant
• Liposuction
• Scar Revision
• Chemical Peel
• Eyelid Surgery
• Gynacomastea
• Tatto Removal
• Face Balancing
• Chin Balancing
• Hair Transplantation
• Dermabrassion
• Auto Fatgrafting
• Botox Injections
• Laser Surgery
www.changinglooks.com
28. Responsible Factors
In India we observe that the attitude towards the cosmetic
surgery depends on the several factors as follows:
1. Life style
2. Awareness
3. Socioeconomic
status
4. Professional need
5. Phases of the life
6. Important events
7. Self Image
8. Availability
9. GLOBALISATION
29. 1. LIFE STYLE:
People of India, who are aware about how to earn and how to
invest money and get the best out of life. In other words, those
who know how to balance the disciplines of life and progress, are
the major group who opts for cosmetic surgery.
www.changinglooks.comwww.changinglooks.com
30. 2. AWARENESS:
Awareness among the Indians and availability of cosmetic
surgery goes hand in hand. The author has experienced, when he
immigrated from England not many people knew about cosmetic
surgery, but with the beginning of first cosmetic surgery centre
of India, people started opting for facelift, nose shaping, breast
augmentation, liposuction, chemical peel and till now we have
observed a 600 folds growth in the cosmetic surgery between
1987 and 2004.
After everyAfter every Radio talk, TVRadio talk, TV
shows, magazine write-up,shows, magazine write-up, launchinglaunching
bookbook oror new web-sitenew web-site, author, author
experiences there is an up rise in theexperiences there is an up rise in the
number of enquires from so-callednumber of enquires from so-called
""hidden potential clientelehidden potential clientele" is a good" is a good
observation landmark aboutobservation landmark about
awareness among Indians.awareness among Indians.
www.changinglooks.com
31. 3. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS:
Though India is a developing
country with mixed economy but
she has many maharajas &
inherited rich monarchs, century
old traders, entrepreneurs and
modern people. So the socio
economic status varies a lot and has
a large range of people with a
varying paying capability for
cosmetic surgery, but still the cost
of Cosmetic Surgery in India is less
than one third of international
price.
Enough reason to attract people for
medical tourism in India.
32. 4. PROFESSIONAL NEED:
In India the effect of globalization has motivated Indian people
to be more presentable specially at international business
convention, meeting and the beautiful Indian women winning
successively four Miss World and two Miss Universe crowns has
boosted the women of India to be more presentable and to opt for
cosmetic surgery.
Miss Universe and Miss World
33. 5. PHASES OF LIFE:
In India the majority of people love being in the joint family.
Hence the common reasons for cosmetic surgery are as follows;
3. After marriage husband bringing his wife for a pair of breast
implants, either due to the hidden desire to have a better breast,
which she could not express to her parents or post multiple
deliveries sagginess of the breast.
1. Grandfather going for a face
lift before his retirement to
have a second boost of life,
2. Young girl correcting her
humpy nose before joining
college accompanied by her
parents,
34. 6. IMPORTANT EVENTS:
The phenomenon is noticed by author among Indians to get the
cosmetic surgery done is enhanced around special events like
birthdays, anniversaries, Diwali, Christmas, Eid, children
holidays, national holidays or summer and winter holidays.
• Birthday,
• Anniversary,
• Diwali,
• Christmas,
• Eid,
• Holidays
• Completing
Decade,
• Beginning of
the Millennium
35. 7. SELF IMAGE:
Indians are very conscious about themselves, to maintain their
physical, mental and spiritual well-being. Hence you will find
yoga, asanas, massage, meditation and other traditional practices
run in the family besides health Spa’s.
Indian film industry is a land of Superstars, so thousands of
actors and actresses exist in Bollywood, who love their self Image
and opt for cosmetic surgery and become an epitome of "good
looks" to be followed by common man.
36. 8. AVAILABILITY:
Since 1987 Cosmetic Surgery Center of India, is providing world
class services as follows:
• Everything ‘To Improve Appearance &
Revert the Signs of Ageing
• Recapture Your Youthful Image by..
“Face Lift”
“Nose Shaping”
“Cheek Implants”
“Ear Shaping”
“Breast Shaping”
“Chin Correction”
“Wrinkle Protofiling”
“Hair Transplant”
“Chemical Peeling”
“Auto Fat Grafting”
“Fat Suction”
“Botox Injection”
37. 9. GLOBALISATION :
India has come up on the world map as premiere to provide
quality medical care and finance doctors in the world.
A . People from 137 countries, they visit India to get more than
10,870 varieties of medical treatments.
B . India is the most economic and reliable when it comes to the
advance medical procedures like.
• Cardiac bypass
• Organ transplant
• Cosmetic Surgery
• Various Surgical Procedures
• Medical Treatments
• Health Checkups
38. C . 40 % of the National health services of USA and UK comprises
the doctors of Indian origin trained in Indian medical colleges, who
are serving the people of America and England.
D . 68 % of the quality medical care provided in India are the
doctors who have been trained in England, America, Germany and
France.
E . Medical community in India is very aggressive in seeking
knowledge and are at par with the rest of the advance countries and
in some fields even better than the advance countries.
F . Potentially India has now the infrastructure in four of private
hospitals to provide quality medical care in rest of the world.
49. CONCLUSION
The need of medical care among the people looking good among Indians
exist irrespective of race, cast, colour, geographical distribution or socio
economic status as else anywhere in the world. There is an up rise in the
number of people coming to India getting medical treatment done by 600
folds.
MEDICAL TOURISIM IN COSMETIC SURGERYMEDICAL TOURISIM IN COSMETIC SURGERY
50. Definitely there is more emphasis upon youth, beauty and
success among modern Indians as anywhere else in the world.
The media plays a great role about awareness of cosmetic
surgery and Indian media is very aggressive about highlighting
anything about cosmetic surgery.
The current growth of 600 folds in Cosmetic Surgery in India
between year 1987 to 2004 is all due to the above mentioned factors.
51. Thank You
Dr. Vijay Sharma, M.D.
Mumbai, INDIA
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