Objectives: 1. Obtain a general description of the business environment which is comparable to data from across the world. 2. Obtain basic financial information of the businesses that permit the measurement of effect of the business environment on real variables, such as productivity, performance of the business, access to credit, growth, employment, etc.

1. Measuring the Experiences of
Business: Enterprise Survey
Jorge Rodríguez Meza, World
Bank

2. Enterprise Survey: Objectives
1. Obtain a general description of the business environment which is
comparable to data from across the world.
2. Obtain basic financial information of the businesses that permit the
measurement of effect of the business environment on real
variables, such as productivity, performance of the business, access
to credit, growth, employment, etc.

3. Basic Parameters
• Representative sample of the private formal economy, excluding the
agriculture sector.
• Universe of the survey
• Manufacturing
• Services (retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, information technology)
• Construction and transport
• Priority to panel companies

4. Basic Parameters
A. Agriculture, hunting and forests
B. Fishing
C. Mining and extraction
D. Manufacturing
E. Electricity, gas and water
F. Construction
G. Retail and Wholesale
H. Hotels and Restaurants
I. Transportation, Storage and Communication
J. Financial Intermediation
K. Real estate, Rental activities (IT only)
L. Public Administration and defense, Social Security
M. Education
N. Health and Social Work
O. Other community services, personal and social
P. Activities of households as employers and production activities of private households
Q. Organizations and off shore accounts

5. Sample Design Parameters
• Stratified Sample inside each country:
• Very big Economies (>US500 billion) and Big Economies (>US100
Billion):
• Sector: Subindustries of manufacturing, retail, other services
• Size of the business
• Geographic location
• Medium-sized Economies
• Sector: Manufacturing, retail, and other services
• Size of the business
• Geographic Location

6. Implementation in El Salvador
• In conjunction with MCC
• Stratification by location: San Salvador, Surroundings of San Salvador,
East, West
• By sector: food, clothes and textiles, furniture, other manufacturing,
retail, other services
• By Size: Small, Medium, Large
• Max 200 panels

7. Enterprise Survey 2016
• An instrument of monitoring the transformation of the private sector
(Preliminary results)

8. Principle obstacles of the Business Environment
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Delitos, robo y
desorden
Prácticas del
sector informal
Inestabilidad
política
Tasas impositivas Regulaciones de
aduanas y
comercio exterior
Licencias y
permisos de
negocios
Fuerza de trabajo
con educación
inadecuada
Corrupción Acceso al
financiamiento
Electricidad
2016
2010
2006
Crime Informal
Sector
Practices
Political
instability
Tax Rates Regulations of
Customs and
Foreign Trade
Business
Permits and
licenses
Lack of
Human
Capital in
Workforce
Corruption Access to
finance
Electricity

9. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Delitos, robo y
desorden
Prácticas del
sector informal
Inestabilidad
política
Tasas
impositivas
Regulaciones de
aduanas y
comercio
exterior
Licencias y
permisos de
negocios
Fuerza de
trabajo con
educación
inadecuada
Corrupción Acceso al
financiamiento
Electricidad
Pequeñas Medianas Grandes
Principle obstacles of the Business Environment
Small Medium Large
Crime Informal
Sector
Practices
Political
instability
Tax Rates Regulations of
Customs and
Foreign Trade
Business
Permits and
licenses
Lack of
Human
Capital in
Workforce
Corruption Access to
finance
Electricity

10. Crime
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
extorsiones o pagos a
las maras
robo en las premisas robo en tránsito ausentismo laboral
debido a la
delincuencia
vandalismo fraude en internet o
“hackceo”
Percentage lost due to ...
Pequeñas Medianas Grandes
Robbery on the
premises
Robbery in
transit
Absent labor
force due to
delinquency
Vandalism Internet fraud
or hacking
Small Medium Large
Extortion or
payments to
gangs

11. Relations with the Government
0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15%
MINED
MAG
PROESA
MINEC – DATCO
PNC
SIGET
Ministerio de Obras Públicas
Ministerio de Trabajo
OPAMSS
MARN
Dirección Gen. de Impuestos Internos
MINSAL
La municipalidad
ANDA
Citing major obstacle

12. Relations with the Government
0%
12%
24%
36%
48%
permiso municipal licencia de operación licencia de
importación
permiso relacionado
con la construcción
permiso ambiental conexión eléctrica conexión de agua
Percentage requesting permits and licenses
Municipal
permit
License to
operate
License to
import
Construction
permit
Environmental
permit
Connection to
electricity
Connection to
water

13. Relations with the Government
29
32
10
102
83
35 36
7
15
5
30 30
15
30
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
Waiting Days
Promedio
Mediana
Municipal
permit
License to
operate
License to
import
Construction
permit
Environmental
permit
Connection to
electricity
Connection to
water

14. 6%
6%
5%
0%
4%
8%
12%
conexión de agua
Percentage requesting permits and licenses
31%
28%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
conexión eléctrica
20%
31%
12%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
licencia de importación
17%
45%
31%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
licencia de operación
18% 18%
11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
2006 2010 2016
permiso relacionado
con la construcción
Connection to
water
Connection to
electricity
License to
import
License to
operate
Construction
permit

15. 40
60
36
0
20
40
60
80
conexión de agua
Waiting Days
22
29
35
0
15
30
45
conexión eléctrica
9
23
10
0
10
20
30
licencia de importación
35
44
32
0
10
20
30
40
50
licencia de operación
65
78
102
0
30
60
90
120
2006 2010 2016
permiso relacionado
con la construcción
Connection to
water
Connection to
electricity
License to
import
License to
operate
Construction
permit

16. Investments
[CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE] [CELLRANGE]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percentage of business that acquired fixed assets

17. Relations with the Local Government
0%
6%
12%
18%
ANDA La municipalidad MINSAL Dirección Gen. de
Impuestos Internos
MARN
Citing as major obstacle
San Salvador Alrededores de San Salvador Oeste Este

18. Relations with the Local Government
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Alrededores de San Salvador
Este
Oeste
San Salvador
Average time dedicated to the requirements of government regulation as a percentage of a typical week

19. Customs and Foreign Trade
2
13
4
13
3
18
0
4
8
12
16
20
Exportación Importación
2006 2010 2016
Waiting days in Customs
Export Import

20. Use of the Financial System
0
15
30
45
60
Por ciento de empresas que usan los bancos
para financiar inversiones
Por ciento de empresas que usan los bancos
para financiar gastos
Por ciento de empresas con préstamos bancarios
o líneas de crédito
2006 2010 2016
Use of Finance
Percent of businesses that use banks to
finance investments
Percent of businesses that use banks to
finance expenses
Percent of businesses with bank loans or
lines of credit

21. Use of the Financial System
27
33
27
63
54
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
El Salvador 2016 El Salvador 2010 El Salvador 2006
Empresas racionadas (credit constrained)
Credit constrained/racionadas CC/racionadas (mínimo) CC/racionadas (máximo)

22. Potential Questions for
Monitoring

23. Additions to the presentation
• Cost of energy (solar and public network)
• Water source
• Efficiency of telecommunication services
• Obstacles to exportation
• Services for exportation
• Expectations for exportation
• Effect of TLC
• Environmental permits
• Expectations of growth
• Obstacles to obtain credit
• Training: Frequency and providing institution
• Difficulty to find employees