Bangladesh can curb illicit trade through political leadership and reform of the National Board of Revenue (NBR) and laws/rules. The NBR plays a key role in international trade but discretionary powers have created opportunities for corruption and illicit trade through tax assessments, exemptions, and manual customs processes. Studies show corruption facilitates duty evasion, hurting government revenue and businesses. Reforms like simplifying procedures, upgrading IT systems, and reducing discretionary powers can strengthen compliance and reduce illicit trade in Bangladesh.
A precise outlook on what Black Money is and how it is generated and how it affects the economy of a nation with a particular focus on India. Tackling strategies and role of people .
Anti-corruption legislation is are not appropriate for corruption situation in Bangladesh and are inadequately enforced or give protection to corrupts. Facilitation payments and gifts are illegal, but common in practice.
The attractiveness of grassroots corruption is explained by the mutual gain and minimal risk for the person accepting a bribe and the person who offers the bribe. A bribe helps to solve routine problems. Bribes can serve as a modest payment for minor violations of laws and regulations.
A precise outlook on what Black Money is and how it is generated and how it affects the economy of a nation with a particular focus on India. Tackling strategies and role of people .
Anti-corruption legislation is are not appropriate for corruption situation in Bangladesh and are inadequately enforced or give protection to corrupts. Facilitation payments and gifts are illegal, but common in practice.
The attractiveness of grassroots corruption is explained by the mutual gain and minimal risk for the person accepting a bribe and the person who offers the bribe. A bribe helps to solve routine problems. Bribes can serve as a modest payment for minor violations of laws and regulations.
Tax Rate Changes and its Impact on Tax Burden Leading to Tax Evasion Practice...inventionjournals
Tax evasion is the major destruction for any country’s economy. It plays a significant role in the developing country’s economy. Due to tax evasion practices the citizens of the country are getting poor infrastructure facilities. The ending results of tax evasion to the Government is revenue loss, which cause a serious damage and deficit of revenue which leads to lack of public expenditure. The study examines factors that influencing tax evasion practices in India. The survey was conducted with primary data from 110 respondents with five point rating scaled questionnaire. The outcomes of the study reveals that the low quality of service to the public in return for the tax significantly impact the tax evasion practices in India. Furthermore, high impact on tax evasion on variables such as tax system, transparency, fairness and accountability. High level of corruption is also one of the major factors for the tax evasion practices in India. The study recommends necessary steps to be taken in view of the transparency, accountability and corruption in order to gain the public morale and minimize the tax evasion practices in India.
E-commerce transactions occur in developed markets (particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, and Japan), developing countries have started to catch up recently, led by those in Asia where many have become important buyers and sellers of goods and services online. For example, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) now has the largest B2C market in the world, surpassing the United States. The PRC’s Alibaba Group has grown by 120% since 2013 and has 24,000 employees.
Fighting Private Sector Corruption And Fraud[1]Alphons Ranner
Understanding of anti-corruption legislation by the private sector is insufficient
Assessment is needed of the companies’ vulnerability to corruption risk in all areas of business and their potential exposure and liabilities under domestic and foreign laws
Vat Compliance Cost for SMEs in Algeria: Burden,Complexity and Business FactorsQUESTJOURNAL
Abstract: This study investigates the cost of compliance for VAT in Algeria. Specifically, it examines the burden of VAT compliance cost by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Algeria, the complexity of the VAT law and its compliance, and the business factors affecting VAT compliance cost.This study used questionnaire survey to collect data from the respondents for the purpose of investigating the VAT compliance cost. Thisstudy focuses on the SME operators within Adrar State in Algeria. The results of the study show that majority of the respondents think that VAT compliance cost is a burden to their company and VAT law is complex and costly for them. The high cost of compliance can discourage voluntarily compliance among owners of the SMEs. This study also reveals that business location of the SMEs does not affect their compliance cost. On the other hand, business size, business type and external advisors affect the compliance cost of the SMEs. In Algeria, SMEs are the backbone of the economy. However, the high compliance cost for this sector can discourage investors to invest in SMEs. Therefore, the government needs to review the tax policy, structure and legislation, and tax administration with a view toreduce the tax compliance cost for VAT specifically for the SMEs in Algeria.
Objectives:
1. Obtain a general description of the business environment which is comparable to data from across the world.
2. Obtain basic financial information of the businesses that permit the measurement of effect of the business environment on real variables, such as productivity, performance of the business, access to credit, growth, employment, etc.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 3
This study sought to examine the effect of tax authority regulation and administration on
voluntary compliance among small-scale businesses in Kakamega Municipality. The
beneficiaries of the study are to be the Kenya revenue authority and relevant tax agencies. It
may serve as input in designing the tax system both at the counties and national government;
may serve as a reference for further studies in this area The research design adopted was a
descriptive survey as the findings were be generalized to a large population and it will
determine the current situation on the ground thereby providing the opportunity to improve it
accordingly. Data was collected using structured questionnaires to 124 sampled taxpayers
purposively sampled. Markets were stratified in the identification of business. The project
was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS. The taxpayers do not to comply with the
tax laws due to overstatement of tax rates or lack of tax equity and ineffectiveness of the tax
authority. It needs to strengthen itself by educating and training its employees, by
computerizing its operations and devoting additional resources.
Giulia Mugellini, Law School, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland)Geneva Declaration
"Engaging the private sector for armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Geneva, Switzerland | 8-9 July 2014
One of NIGERIA’S greatest challenges is CORRUPTION – in Public and Private Institutions – which has greatly affected her development as well as how her Citizens are treated in other countries. This analysis takes an in-depth look TI CPI of Nigeria from 1998 till date.
Beyond Doing Business: the Unfinished Investment Climate Reform Agenda in Uzb...Mirzo Ibragimov
A presentation was delivered by Mrs Stefka Slavova, Lead Economist, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice at the World Bank, on 8 November 2017, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Registering for Growth: Tax and the Informal Sector in Developing CountriesDr Lendy Spires
Roughly half of all non-agricultural workers in developing countries work in very small enterprises with fewer than five employees. Indeed, between one-quarter and one-third of the non-agricultural workforce in most low- and lower-middle-income countries is self-employed (Gollin 2002).
Most of these micro-enterprises operate without registering as legal entities and, as a result, are a part of what is commonly referred to as the informal sector. Informal activity is estimated to comprise a much larger share of the economies of low-income countries – on average around 42% of GDP in a sample of 31 low-and lower-middle-income countries – than a comparable sample of 32 higher-income countries (22% of GDP) in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).1 Why is such a high proportion of the labour force in lower-income countries employed in the informal sector? De Soto (1989) famously proposed that governments – and Peru’s specifically – push firms into the informal sector by raising the barriers and costs of formalization.
By excluding firms from the formal sector, these barriers stifle entrepreneurship and reduce the dynamism of the private sector. Others (Levy 2008) have claimed that the high levels of informality represent an escape by small firms. This ‘exit’ view leads to a vicious cycle: firms escape because the state does not make formal status appealing. For example, financial markets and courts may be dysfunctional, and public procurement processes may be corrupt.
But by being in the informal sector, firms avoid paying taxes that would provide resources the state might use to improve the provision of these goods, or to force firms to become formal. In this view, informality may still stifle entrepreneurship, as firms sometimes remain small deliberately to avoid attracting the attention of regulators and tax collectors. If high rates of taxation push economic activity out of the formal economy, one would expect to see more informal activity in countries with higher tax collections.
However, just the opposite is the case. Across countries, there is a strong negative correlation between state revenue and informal activity. Indeed, another characteristic of low-income countries is that tax collec-tion by governments is very low. Government revenue 1 Estimates from Schneider, Buehn and Montenegro (2010). Taxes as a % of GDP 0 Shadow economy as a % of GDP Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Japan Korea, Republic of Netherlands New Zealand Norway Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Italy Figure 1: Taxes and informality, OECD countries Source: World Bank (2013)
Tax Rate Changes and its Impact on Tax Burden Leading to Tax Evasion Practice...inventionjournals
Tax evasion is the major destruction for any country’s economy. It plays a significant role in the developing country’s economy. Due to tax evasion practices the citizens of the country are getting poor infrastructure facilities. The ending results of tax evasion to the Government is revenue loss, which cause a serious damage and deficit of revenue which leads to lack of public expenditure. The study examines factors that influencing tax evasion practices in India. The survey was conducted with primary data from 110 respondents with five point rating scaled questionnaire. The outcomes of the study reveals that the low quality of service to the public in return for the tax significantly impact the tax evasion practices in India. Furthermore, high impact on tax evasion on variables such as tax system, transparency, fairness and accountability. High level of corruption is also one of the major factors for the tax evasion practices in India. The study recommends necessary steps to be taken in view of the transparency, accountability and corruption in order to gain the public morale and minimize the tax evasion practices in India.
E-commerce transactions occur in developed markets (particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, and Japan), developing countries have started to catch up recently, led by those in Asia where many have become important buyers and sellers of goods and services online. For example, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) now has the largest B2C market in the world, surpassing the United States. The PRC’s Alibaba Group has grown by 120% since 2013 and has 24,000 employees.
Fighting Private Sector Corruption And Fraud[1]Alphons Ranner
Understanding of anti-corruption legislation by the private sector is insufficient
Assessment is needed of the companies’ vulnerability to corruption risk in all areas of business and their potential exposure and liabilities under domestic and foreign laws
Vat Compliance Cost for SMEs in Algeria: Burden,Complexity and Business FactorsQUESTJOURNAL
Abstract: This study investigates the cost of compliance for VAT in Algeria. Specifically, it examines the burden of VAT compliance cost by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Algeria, the complexity of the VAT law and its compliance, and the business factors affecting VAT compliance cost.This study used questionnaire survey to collect data from the respondents for the purpose of investigating the VAT compliance cost. Thisstudy focuses on the SME operators within Adrar State in Algeria. The results of the study show that majority of the respondents think that VAT compliance cost is a burden to their company and VAT law is complex and costly for them. The high cost of compliance can discourage voluntarily compliance among owners of the SMEs. This study also reveals that business location of the SMEs does not affect their compliance cost. On the other hand, business size, business type and external advisors affect the compliance cost of the SMEs. In Algeria, SMEs are the backbone of the economy. However, the high compliance cost for this sector can discourage investors to invest in SMEs. Therefore, the government needs to review the tax policy, structure and legislation, and tax administration with a view toreduce the tax compliance cost for VAT specifically for the SMEs in Algeria.
Objectives:
1. Obtain a general description of the business environment which is comparable to data from across the world.
2. Obtain basic financial information of the businesses that permit the measurement of effect of the business environment on real variables, such as productivity, performance of the business, access to credit, growth, employment, etc.
https://www.ijmst.com/
IJMST Volume 1 Issue 5, Manuscript 3
This study sought to examine the effect of tax authority regulation and administration on
voluntary compliance among small-scale businesses in Kakamega Municipality. The
beneficiaries of the study are to be the Kenya revenue authority and relevant tax agencies. It
may serve as input in designing the tax system both at the counties and national government;
may serve as a reference for further studies in this area The research design adopted was a
descriptive survey as the findings were be generalized to a large population and it will
determine the current situation on the ground thereby providing the opportunity to improve it
accordingly. Data was collected using structured questionnaires to 124 sampled taxpayers
purposively sampled. Markets were stratified in the identification of business. The project
was analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS. The taxpayers do not to comply with the
tax laws due to overstatement of tax rates or lack of tax equity and ineffectiveness of the tax
authority. It needs to strengthen itself by educating and training its employees, by
computerizing its operations and devoting additional resources.
Giulia Mugellini, Law School, University of St. Gallen (Switzerland)Geneva Declaration
"Engaging the private sector for armed violence reduction and prevention (AVRP) and development"
Regional Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development
Geneva, Switzerland | 8-9 July 2014
One of NIGERIA’S greatest challenges is CORRUPTION – in Public and Private Institutions – which has greatly affected her development as well as how her Citizens are treated in other countries. This analysis takes an in-depth look TI CPI of Nigeria from 1998 till date.
Beyond Doing Business: the Unfinished Investment Climate Reform Agenda in Uzb...Mirzo Ibragimov
A presentation was delivered by Mrs Stefka Slavova, Lead Economist, Trade and Competitiveness Global Practice at the World Bank, on 8 November 2017, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Registering for Growth: Tax and the Informal Sector in Developing CountriesDr Lendy Spires
Roughly half of all non-agricultural workers in developing countries work in very small enterprises with fewer than five employees. Indeed, between one-quarter and one-third of the non-agricultural workforce in most low- and lower-middle-income countries is self-employed (Gollin 2002).
Most of these micro-enterprises operate without registering as legal entities and, as a result, are a part of what is commonly referred to as the informal sector. Informal activity is estimated to comprise a much larger share of the economies of low-income countries – on average around 42% of GDP in a sample of 31 low-and lower-middle-income countries – than a comparable sample of 32 higher-income countries (22% of GDP) in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).1 Why is such a high proportion of the labour force in lower-income countries employed in the informal sector? De Soto (1989) famously proposed that governments – and Peru’s specifically – push firms into the informal sector by raising the barriers and costs of formalization.
By excluding firms from the formal sector, these barriers stifle entrepreneurship and reduce the dynamism of the private sector. Others (Levy 2008) have claimed that the high levels of informality represent an escape by small firms. This ‘exit’ view leads to a vicious cycle: firms escape because the state does not make formal status appealing. For example, financial markets and courts may be dysfunctional, and public procurement processes may be corrupt.
But by being in the informal sector, firms avoid paying taxes that would provide resources the state might use to improve the provision of these goods, or to force firms to become formal. In this view, informality may still stifle entrepreneurship, as firms sometimes remain small deliberately to avoid attracting the attention of regulators and tax collectors. If high rates of taxation push economic activity out of the formal economy, one would expect to see more informal activity in countries with higher tax collections.
However, just the opposite is the case. Across countries, there is a strong negative correlation between state revenue and informal activity. Indeed, another characteristic of low-income countries is that tax collec-tion by governments is very low. Government revenue 1 Estimates from Schneider, Buehn and Montenegro (2010). Taxes as a % of GDP 0 Shadow economy as a % of GDP Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Japan Korea, Republic of Netherlands New Zealand Norway Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom United States Italy Figure 1: Taxes and informality, OECD countries Source: World Bank (2013)
Main Findings:
1. PWYP Indonesia estimates illicit financial flows in Indonesia in 2014 reach IDR 227.7 trillion or equal to 11.7% of revised state budget (APBN-P) for 2014.
2. Indonesia ranks seventh in higgest illicit financial flows among developing countries. The value reaches $187,884 million from 2003-2012 (IDR 1,690 trillion with average exchange rate IDR 9,000/USD) or in $18,784 million/year (IDR 169 trillion). – Global Financial Integrity Report, 2014
3. In mining sector for 2014, Illicit financial flow is estimated around IDR 23.89 trillion. Around IDR 21.33 trillion comes from trade misinvoicing, and around IDR 2.56 trillion comes from hot money narrow.
4. Tax ratio of mining sector in Indonesia in 2013 only reaches 9.4%. This low ratio is closely related to the rampant practices of tax evasion and tax avoidance.
Mismatch between import liberalisation and export competitivenessM S Siddiqui
The latest statistics show significant improvement in trade and economy. Bangladesh's trade-GDP ratio reached 46.30 per cent during fiscal year 2012-13 rising from 37.8 per cent in FY '10. But such a ratio has fluctuated during the next six fiscal years until FY '19.
The Bangladesh economy's degree of openness has seen a mixed trend in the last 10 years as economic expansion outstripped rise in foreign trade. Thus the trade-GDP ratio came down to 38.89 per cent in the FY '19 from 44.51 per cent in the FY'14, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) data suggest.
Reforming trade in services and negotiation processes in moroccoAdil Diani
Morocco has signed, ratified, and implemented several Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and is engaged in discussions with other partners. Issues that concern the market of services are gaining in importance in Morocco’s foreign trade policy. Moreover, Morocco has continued to reform its sectoral policies, making notable progress in services sector performances in a bid to diversify its economy.
This paper tries to outline some features that concern the trade in services policies and reforms in Morocco and its negotiation process adopted by enforcing bilateral, regional and multilateral agreements.
This paper explores Colombia’s possibilities to participate in GVCs production; the essay includes feature of GVC trading for development, the trend of higher tariffs and protectionism, attracting Foreign Direct Investment, and policy implications.
A Logit Model of Informal Traders’ Decision to Evade Tax: A Case of Zimbabweiosrjce
Taxation is the commonest and oldest source of government revenue in the world. The main reason
for taxation is to finance government expenses and redistribute of wealth. The shadow economy and tax evasion
are both widespread in Zimbabwe. When the taxation system is not effective, many economic agents will use this
opportunity to escape paying tax (which is legal) or evade tax which is illegal. When tax evasion exist, the
government fails to allocate enough income for its programs, hence fails to deliver desirable social services.
Noting the significant influence of tax evasion on the state, this paper pursues to determine factors that cause
tax evasion and their relative impact. A questionnaire approach has been employed to collect responses. Using
a logit model the results shows that income, marital status and frequency of crossing the border have positive
effect on tax evasion
Tax justice from 100 years old income tax law.pdfM S Siddiqui
Roughly 94 per cent of income-tax revenue comes from tax deducted at source. The Tax deduct as source (TDS) has been imposed at border during release of imported goods and services, supply of goods and services to government and corporates entities. This deduction is on gross sales value but not on net profit. The advances taxes are non-refundable and considered as tax on income. In many cases the tax burden are more than 100 percent of the net income of the business enterprises.
Bangladesh’s cross border transaction in Chinese RMB.pdfM S Siddiqui
Banks are finally allowed to maintain accounts in Chinese currency RMB with their correspondents or overseas branches for cross-border transactions executed in Bangladesh.
Meanwhile, China has introduced cross-border interbank payments system (CIPS) with the RMB as an alternative trading currency. CIPS payment system offers clearing and settlement services for participates in cross-border RMB payment and trade.
Over the last decade the Chinese government has consistently strived to overcome China’s dependence on foreign supplies in the sector, and as a result China’s market share in semiconductors has increased from 5 percent in 2010 to 13 percent in 2020, more than doubling in ten years. China is moving along with the planned schedule to achieve supremacy in manufacturing semi-conductors.
Evaluation of Bangladesh’s Data Protection Bill.pdfM S Siddiqui
The draft Data Security Law did not make difference between data privacy and data security and a big concern was how to maintain the privacy of such data. The problem is that the government has expressed a controlling attitude to make the law a control mechanism rather than data security and data privacy.
Rights of the nominee vis-à-vis legal heirs.docxM S Siddiqui
Currently, the banks may follow the rule of Bangladesh Bank and the principle of the judgment of the High Court Division that the nominee is entitled to the money of the deceased person and pay to the nominee at the first instance to complete their responsibility. Subsequently, the nominee will be treated as a custodian in case of a succession certificate given by the court and distribute the amount accordingly.
Bangladesh bank’s rules of export documents require an amendmentM S Siddiqui
The Factoring services provide security of payment and financing through transfer of shipping documents along with ownership and rights over the payments. The circular no. 32 (dated October 03, 2021) restricting transfer of document will hamper smooth service of Factoring and export financing by trade finance companies. The BB should revisit the circular addressing the embargo over transfer of full set of documents.
Access to finance for the informal sectorM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh may formulate policies to use these sources to in credit reporting systems. There may be even legal framework like some other some economies to allow the sharing of information from non-traditional sources and authorised CRSPs to prepare CR for MSMEs.
Ad free channel ends unfair privileges to overseas manufacturersM S Siddiqui
The Clean Feed Strategy would give a level playing field to Bangladeshi manufacturers and foreign manufactures. Although late the government has taken a bold decision.
Pandemic recession and employment crisisM S Siddiqui
The policy of Bangladesh Bank and attitude of commercial banks have many challenges to overcome regarding these programmes. They require a change in mind-set and political will to recognize the crisis and probable solution. There should a recognition that informal workers and their livelihood activities represent the broad base of the economy producing essential goods and services not only for low-income customers but also for the general public and for the formal economy.
How to upgrade bangladesh’s banking almanacM S Siddiqui
The confidence of users is a big challenge for an almanac. The authentication of information is a basic criterion of a good almanac. The authority may take initiative to upload the almanac in their web-site and make easily accessible for the end users specially the FI in other countries.
Bangladesh needs rules on odourised lpgM S Siddiqui
It is impossible to detect the leak because of the lack of odour. This has led different countries to enact new regulations that require gas suppliers to odourise LPG.
The experience of the other countries doesn’t support the fear of NBR officials. This conception of officials is a challenge of introduction of PCA in Bangladesh.
With the ratification of the TFA in 2016, Bangladesh has obligation to introduce PCA in the customs rule. The relevant SRO should be issues as early as possible.
Abrupt indian ban on onion seeds not legalM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh became self-reliant in Cattle production after restriction on cattle export / smuggling during last few years. Let's hope that the statistics of Bangladesh Agricultural Department are correct and Bangladesh will hopefully continue to be self-reliant of onion despite Indian ban on export of onion and onion seed.
Miniket may be branded for marketing by any company but cannot claim this as local variety of rich. It cannot be registered under patent act. The fate of Miniket is depends upon teste and demand of the consumers.
Psi of govt purchase contrary to import policyM S Siddiqui
The inspection by government official is against the Import Policy Order as well as it is expensive for the nation and not serving the real purpose. The inspectors are not liable for any incidence of wrong delivery.
Disappearance of border pillars and death from lightning strikeM S Siddiqui
In south Asia the casualties have been increases in recent years. But apart from climate change, the recent increase of death of lightning has linkage with the silent disappearance of Border pillars of Mouja installed by British rulers in South Asia.
The standard global practice of other countries, the credit information reports neither express any opinion about the borrower creditworthiness nor assign any rating to the borrowers.
Hashem foods fire determining the liability of regulatorsM S Siddiqui
Despite all the irregularities, how industries get fitness certificate from DIFE on yearly basis is a question. Hashem Food started their business in 1982 and DIFE has been certifying it on yearly basis since then.
Regional co-operation under SAARC may be an additional blessing to solve the problem. Bangladesh apparently failed to get mutual co-operation from neighboring countries. Bangladesh may shift the policy on prevention, education and training of all stakeholders to eradicate drugs from our society.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
1. VOL 24 NO 199 REGD NO DA 1589 | Dhaka, Saturday, June 03 2017
http://print.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2017/06/03/174232
Curbing illicit trade: Focus on the reform of NBR
M.S. Siddiqui
Bangladesh can curb illicit trade with an initiative of the political leadership through reform in the NBR and
existing laws and rules including simplification of international trade.
The National Board of Revenue (NBR) plays a pivotal role in the field of controlling, facilitating and
regulating international trade. According to Jones (2001), the border is the place where countries control
movement of goods, people and crafts entering or exiting their territories. This is the place where compliance
in areas such as security, food safety, customs procedures and control of prohibited goods takes place. The
policy issues also matter as there is a complex policy of assessment of tax, exemption and regulatory duty to
discourage import to protect local industries.
The discretionary power has made tax assessment a complex job and created opportunity of corruption and
illicit trade. Exemption of tax, rebate, tax import and manual assessment by tax customs officials create
loopholes to breed corruption and promote illicit trade. There is a debate in Bangladesh whether corruption
encourages illicit trade or vice versa.
It is found in many studies that the Customs is a high-risk area in which corrupt officials can facilitate duty
evasion, causing significant financial losses to the government's exchequer and damaging the economic
stability of compliant traders. Jenner (2011) asserts that there is a potential of slow economic progress as
people's behaviour changes from performing productive activities to non-productive ones. This situation is
then likely to increase the cost of operating a formal economy.
According to the World Bank (2003), the business community frequently perceives Customs as one of the
most serious constraints to business investments. Bribes and tips asked for by Customs officials to facilitate
clearance of imports and exports lead to a hike in cost of doing business. Such cost is later passed on to
consumers through increased prices.
There are four major costs of illicit trade. These are identified as lost revenue, distortion of market prices,
collapse of local industries leading to unemployment and social costs that endanger health and safety of
nationals, destroy vital habitats and ecosystems and threaten the tourism industry. Grant Thornton (2013) also
added costs of counterfeiting and corruption as costs of illegal trade. Some of the costs further include
jeopardising public health, emaciating communities' human capital, eroding the security of institutions and
destabilising fragile governments (OECD 2011).
2. A black market or underground economy is the market in which illegal goods are traded. Due to the nature of
the goods traded, the market itself is forced to operate outside the formal economy, supported by the
established state power. People engaged in black market usually run their business hidden under a business
front that is legal in order to survive in the profession.
The United Nations Office on Drug and Crime (UNODOC, 2011) estimated annual costs and revenues
generated by illicit networks and organised crime groups. These are as follows: money laundering US$1.3
trillion to US$3.3 trillion, between two per cent and five per cent of world GDP, bribery a significant portion
of $1.0 trillion, narcotics trafficking $750 billion to $1.0 trillion, counterfeit and pirated products $250 billion,
environmental crime (illegal wildlife, toxic wasting): $20 to $40 billion, human trafficking 20.9 million
victims globally $32 billion annually, credit card fraud $10 billion to $12 billion.
Counterfeiting also costs the society more as a result of additional law enforcement and policing expenses,
through higher medical and social security costs owing to injuries and illness, and through raised costs for law-
abiding businesspersons who have to pay more to cover the additional costs for producers related to security
and tracing systems, litigation and civil enforcement.
The illicit trade is a small segment among major crimes. But its nature leads to substitution of a commodity,
incorrect quantity declaration, fictitious exports, mis-classification of goods, non-declaration and mis-
declaration. The costs of illicit trade are not only economic but also have social implications as it undermines
social stability and socioeconomic welfare of communities, preventing equitable sharing of public goods.
Illegal economic activity distorts local economy and reduces legitimate business and tax revenues.
Many developing economies depend heavily on trade-related taxes for their economic wellbeing and wealth
creation. Illicit trade and illicit markets are providing not only a safe haven and exploitable sanctuaries for
illicit forces but also provide illicit liquidity for corrupt officials. Consequently, illicit trade and the wide
availability of illicit liquidity prevent fair and open markets from reaching their full economic potential and
threaten state sovereignty.
Customs duty is complex and is particularly susceptible to revenue leakage as taxpayers have many avenues to
evade including collusion with tax officials, making it difficult for evasion to be detected. Tax avoidance or
evasion eats into the national income of both developed and developing economies. The International
Monetary Fund (IMF) (2005) estimated trade tax revenue for low-and middle-income countries to be between
a one-quarter and one-third of total tax revenue. Customs in Bangladesh collect about 29 per cent of revenue
for the country. Usually Revenue Departments prefer tax collection at border rather than collection of Income
tax and Value Added Tax afterwards from taxpayers. Fishman and Wei (2004) found a one per cent increase in
tax rates being associated with a three per cent increase in customs evasion, and mostly through mis-
classification of imports and underreporting of import values.
A study conducted in Mozambique by Van Dunem and Arndt (2006) found a positive relationship between
high tax rates and under-reporting of import values and evasion. The excessive customs duty is easy to collect
at border point and encourage corruption. In Bangladesh in 2000, the foregone Customs revenue traced to
Customs inefficiency was estimated to exceed five per cent of GDP (OECD 2003). The impact of these
activities has negatively affected trade and had a devastating impact on the formal economy.
3. One method by which Customs can strengthen compliance and regulatory frameworks is through enforcement
and harmonisation of activities of different agencies and cooperation with businesses and other market actors
to enable targeted interventions on both supply and demand sides of illicit trade. Customs officials,
policymakers, other border agencies, researchers and the private sector need to work closely together.
Some countries simplified their procedures and created a system which allows fewer contacts between
National Board of Revenue (NBR) staff and traders, while others upgraded IT systems and introduced the
customs information systems software, ASYCUDA, to improve service delivery, increase transparency and
shorten customs clearance time more specifically assessment of tax through the software not manually by tax
officials with unlimited discretionary authority.
The World Bank findings show that political support for Customs reforms is essential, together with stable
leadership. Cooperation of Customs staff, taxpayers and coordination with other tax agencies are critical for
effective customs reform (World Bank 2005). Bangladesh should focus on reform of the NBR to reduce
corruption in illicit trade. The businesses are primary victims of illicit trade and forced to go for it in order to
survive in the profession while some of the traders take advantage of close cooperation of administration and
loopholes in laws and rules.
The bond license issued to exporters is a major instrument of illicit trade and corruption. Bond license may be
stopped with reduction of Customs duty on basic raw materials of exportable commodities like garments,
leather, furniture, pharmaceuticals, furniture and others. It is believed that the incidental cost of bond license is
about 5.0 per cent and an exporter can pay similar duty on imported raw materials. Such withdrawal of bond
license will increase revenue collection for the country and reduce corruption. Bangladesh can curb illicit trade
with an initiative of the political leadership through reform in the NBR and existing laws and rules.
The writer is a Legal Economist.
shah@banglachemical.com