This project aimed to contribute to the wider understanding of the current state of affairs in relation to the care economy in Turkey (including various types of care such as child, elderly, disabled, sick etc.), providing policy options that can help in building a more sustainable, accessible and available care services, and turning care work into a more viable and sustainable economy that generates good jobs, especially for women.

1. Turkey’s Care Economy Toward 2040
September 2020
Oxfam-KEDV

2. Turkey’s Care Economy Toward 2040 2
Table of Contents
Overview...........................................................................................................................................4
Key Messages from the Report........................................................................................................5
1. Why Should We Care about the Care Economy? .......................................................................8
Gender Equality & Labor Market Dimensions of the Care Economy........................................9
The Fiscal Sustainability Dimension of the Care Economy ....................................................10
Equity (Access and Adequacy) Challenges in Care Services ..................................................11
Quality of Care Services........................................................................................................13
2. The Current Situation in Turkey & Future Projections........................................................... 15
2.1. Supply and Demand for Care Work ................................................................................16
Childcare Services.............................................................................................................16
Care Services for People Living with Disabilities...............................................................20
Care Services for the Elderly .............................................................................................22
2.2. The Current Size of the Care Economy in Turkey ...........................................................24
The Economic Volume of Paid Care Services....................................................................24
The Economic Value of Unpaid Care Services...................................................................25
2.3. Envisioning 2040: Two Scenarios for Turkey’s Care Economy.......................................27
3. Toward a New Care Economy Model for Turkey..................................................................... 31
3.1. A Brief Survey of Care Models around the World...........................................................31
3.2. A Proposal for a New Care Economy Model...................................................................34
Pillar 1: A Universal Care System......................................................................................35
Pillar 2: A New Financing Approach for Universal Care....................................................37
Pillar 3: A Dual-Earner/Dual-Carer Model.........................................................................38
3.3. Supporting Policy Recommendations..............................................................................40
Policy 1: Better Data for Measurement of Care Work; Policy Impact and Planning............40
Policy 2: Institutional Coordination, Decentralization and Expansion of Capacity..............41
Policy 3: Improve Conditions, Quantity, and Qualifications of Care Workers.....................43
Policy 4: Increase Quality of Services; Better Targeting and Tailoring in Program Design .43
Annex A: Methodology for Calculating the Size of the Care Economy in Turkey ...................... 45
Annex B: Care System Financing Models..................................................................................... 47
Notes ............................................................................................................................................... 49
References ...................................................................................................................................... 53