PDF of measures of central tendency PPT.

1. Chapter 4 – 1
Measures of central
tendency
By Shivank khurana

2. Chapter 4 – 2
Contents
➢ Objectives
➢ Central tendency
▪ About
▪ Importance
➢ Mode
▪ About
▪ Example
▪ Advantages and disadvantages
➢ Median
▪ About
▪ Example
▪ Advantages and disadvantages
➢ Mean
▪ About
▪ Example
▪ Advantages and disadvantages

3. Chapter 4 – 3
Objectives
At the end of the presentation learners would be
able to:
❑Define the term central tendency
❑Describe measures of central tendency
❑Discuss the mean median and mode with examples

4. Chapter 4 – 4
• Simpson and kafka defined it as “ major of central
tendency is a typical value around which others figures
gather”
• Measures of central tendency are like special numbers that
help us understand the "center" or "average" of a group of
numbers. As such measures of central tendency are
sometimes called major of central location
• Most common of central tendency are
➢ Mode
➢ Median
➢ Mean
What is a measure of Central
Tendency?

5. Chapter 4 – 5
Importance of central tendency
• To find representative when value
• To make more concise data
• To make comparisons
• Help in further statistical analysis

6. Chapter 4 – 6
• mode is a special number that shows us the value that
appears the most in a group of numbers.
• Sometimes, a group of numbers may not have a mode if no
number repeats more than any other. In that case, we say
there is no mode.
The Mode

7. Chapter 4 – 7
The Mode: An example

8. Chapter 4 – 8
Advantages & disadvantages of
mode
Advantages
• Value of mode can be determined
graphically
• It's easy to understand and calculate
• It can be used with any type of data, not
just numbers. For instance, you can find
the mode of colors, names, or even types
of pets.
• It can give us insights into patterns or
trends within a group. By identifying the
mode, we can understand what is
commonly observed or preferred.
Disadvantages
• Sometimes, a group of numbers or data
may not have a clear mode. If all the
values occur equally or no value repeats,
there is no mode.
• The mode only reveals the most frequent
value, but it doesn't provide insights into
the overall distribution or relationships
between the numbers

9. Chapter 4 – 9
The Median
• median is a special number that helps us find the middle
value in a group of numbers.
• When the sample size is odd median is the middle value.
Sometimes, if the list has an even number of values, there
might be two numbers in the middle. In that case, we take
the average of those two numbers to find the median.

10. Chapter 4 – 10
The Median: An example

11. Chapter 4 – 11
Advantages & disadvantages of
median
Advantages
• The median is a good measure when you
want to compare different groups or
distributions. It allows you to focus on
the central value without being affected
by extreme values or differences in
sample sizes.
• The median is easy to understand and
calculate. You just need to arrange the
numbers from smallest to largest and
find the value in the middle.
Disadvantages
• The median may not give a complete
picture of the overall data. It only
focuses on the middle value and doesn't
consider the other values or their
relationships.
• It may not be suitable for data that is
categorical or qualitative in nature, such
as colors or preferences.

12. Chapter 4 – 12
The Mean
• The mean is the most commonly used measure of central
tendency.
• Arithmetic mean represents a number that is obtained by
dividing the sum of the elements of a set by the number of
values in the set.

13. Chapter 4 – 13
The Mean: An example

14. Chapter 4 – 14
Advantages & disadvantages of
mean
Advantages
• The mean is a simple and widely used
measure of central tendency. It is easy to
understand and calculate.
• The mean allows for comparisons
between different samples and helps
identify trends or patterns across
different groups.
• It takes into account all the values in the
sample and considers their numerical
values, providing a comprehensive
representation of the data.
Disadvantages
• The mean may not be meaningful or
applicable when dealing with categorical
or qualitative data. For example, finding
the mean of colors or preferences may
not provide meaningful insights.
• The mean can be sensitive to extreme
values, also known as outliers. If there
are a few extremely high or low values,
they can greatly influence the mean and
make it less representative of the overall
data.

15. Chapter 4 – 15
Conclusion
• A measure of central tendency tells us where the medal of a bunch of data lies
• Mean simply the sum of numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set of data
• Median refers to the number present in the middle when numbers inside of data arranged
in ascending or descending order
• Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a set of data

16. Chapter 4 – 16
Thank you