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1. Statistics
Central Tendency / Average

2. Introduction
• Collection of data and organising them in a proper format and style in
table, diagrams and graphs etc. dose not provide sound workable
concuesions and end desired information and its creates confusion ,
thus it becomes essential to present the collected data in some
condensed from so as to make them under table comparable and
worthy of scientific treatment. For this purpose a central value ,
which represent the whole mass of data is worked out. This value is
called central tendency or average the value of an average has a
tendency towards centralization. It is the reason some time it called
central tendency and some times average.

3. Definition
• “ A measure of central Tendency is typical value round which
other figures congregate” BY Sinepson and kafka.

4. Objective, Purpose And Function Of
Average
• The average is a single value which represents a group of value and
hence represents the entires data the main objective, purpose and
function of average are as follows:-
Determines living standard.
Helpful in comparision.
Brief Description.
Helpful in formulation of policies.
Replies of the universe.
Tracing of functional relationship.

5. Ideals Or Essentials Or Characterics Of Good
Average
• An Average should Posses the following properties
Should be righty define.
Based on all observation.
Easy to understand.
Easy to complete.
Heast effected by fluctuation of sampling.
Capable of further Alegbric of (sampling) treatment.
Not unduly affected by extreme items.
Can be locate graphically.
Capable of being used in further statistical compation.

6. Type Of Statistical Average
• The Types of statistical average can be explained in this manner.
Types of Average
Mathematical Average
Positional Average
Commercial Average

7. Positional Average
•Introduction:-
• The other measures of average is called positional average. It
determines the position or place central value in the series or group
of data, positional average has two important types of average and
they are:-
A. Median (M)
B. Mode (Z)

8. Median (M)
•Definition:- “The median is that the value of the
variable which divided the group in two equal part,
one part comprising all the value greater and the
other all value less than median.” By Connor.

9. Median (M)
Merits
1. It is an idle Average it is rightly
defined.
2. Easy do understand and
calculate.
3. It can be located by inspections.
4. It is not influenced by the value
of extreme items.
5. It can be calculated even
extreme not given but numbers
given.
Demerits
1. It is not suitable when there is
big variation in the items.
2. Median is not suitable for further
algebraic treatment.
3. It is small effected by fluctuations
of sampling .
4. It is not easy to part items into
either ascending or descending
order.

10. Mode (Z)
•Definition:-
Mode is value which has greater frequency as A.M tultle.

11. Mode (Z)
Merits
1. It is simple to calculate.
2. It is commonly used in peoples
day to day life.
3. Mode can be expressed
graphically.
4. Mode can be used to describe
quality of the value.
5. Mode is not affected by value
of extreme value.
Demerits
1. Mode can not determined
always.
2. It is not capable of algebraic
treatment.
3. Mode value is not bared on
each and every item.

12. Thanks ……..
By :- Riya Vashisht