land ownership

2. Presentation Topics :
Land Ownership Pattern and Land Tenure
&
Nature and Determinants of Land Value and
Land Market

3. Prepared By
Md. Ashikur Rahaman
Session: 2015-16
M.Sc 1st Semester
Department of Geography and Environmental Science
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur

4. Methods
Data collection methods : All information used in this
presentation are collected from published sources . Such as –
 Books
 Internet
Data presentation methods : Information are presented in
following forms –
 Description
 Table
 Photograph
 Map

5. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 Aim and objectives
 Methods
 Introduction
 Concept of landownership
 Land Ownership in Bangladesh
 Legal Framework for Access to Land in Bangladesh
 Concepts of Land tenure
 Nature of land
 Land nature also determines by its characteristics
 Determinants of land value
 Land Market value
 Conclusion
 References

6. Land Ownership Pattern
and Land Tenure

7. Aim& Objectives
To know about the land use pattern
To know about the land ownership pattern and tenure
To determine the land value
To identify the land market value
To discuss about land ownership of Bangladesh
To know about the urban and rural land ownership
To determine the fundamental model of land value

8. Introduction
Land is among the most important assets for people around the world. It can
be a vital part of cultural and social identities, a valuable asset to stimulate
economic growth, and a central component to preserving natural resources and
building societies that are inclusive, resilient, and sustainable.
Land is the most important part of earth surface. In economics land comprises
all natural resources as well as geographic land. Examples include particular
geographical locations, forests fish stocks, atmospheric quality, geostationary
orbit, and portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Supply of these resources
in fixed. Land evaluation may be concerned with present land performance.
Decisions on land use have always been part of the evolution of human society.

9. Concept of landownership
Land Ownership of property may be private, collective, or common, and the property may be
of objects, land or real estate, or intellectual property. Determining ownership in law involves
determining who has certain rights and duties over the property. These rights and duties, sometimes
called a "bundle of rights", can be separated and held by different parties.
Source: newgeography.com, 2013

10. Land ownership
pattern

11. Cartoon Image of Land Ownership:

12. Land Ownership in Bangladesh
Unequal distribution of privately owned land is one of the critical
agrarian problems in rural Bangladesh (US country studies, 2005). This
inequality is a typical situation created through a common process.
During landlord tenure until 1950, a few elite households used to own
much of the land in most of the villages. There were also a large
percentage of households with a small amount of land or without any
land. This land ownership evolved for land transactions through
purchases, sales and sub-divisions among uneven number of heirs of
deceased households (Banglapedia, 2011)

13. Record System of Land Ownership
System of Bangladesh
In Bangladesh there use a land ownership record system called
“khatiyan” which is a persian word.
Khatiyan: One kind of document for identify land, documents
prepared through survey for the purpose of determining
possession, ownership and assessing land development tax
(LTD) is known as Khatiyan.
Content of Khatiyan:
 Rule, Tenancy rules
 Plot number--- partial or complete
 Name, Father name, address of the owner or owners
 Portion of owner , total amount of land , class and nature of land
, location ,amount of land development tax payable , rent free
statuses.

14. Importance of land ownership
 Land is the livelihood of the majority of rural people.
 People become inhabitants, neighbors or members of
organization depending on their land ownership.
 Food security basically depends on access to land.
 Land major in development programmers.
 Availability of land ensures the use of others
resources such as labor and capital.

15. Rural-Urban Ownership
In urban areas, land use is regulated by the Pourashava Ordinance, 1977 and
the Town Improvement Act 1953 (Islam, 2000). Both laws provide that
master plan must be drawn up for the urban areas for which the laws apply.
However, many towns do not yet have such master plans and those which
do are rarely implemented. Founder-Honorary Chairman of the Centre for
Urban Studies (CUS), Dhaka denotes that the process of dealing with land
through Bangladesh’s laws is complex, time consuming and extremely
expensive. As such, laws have no meaning or relevance to the urban
majority – the urban poor.

16. Rural-Urban Ownership images
Source: World Bank Blogs - World Bank Group

17. Concepts of Land Tenure
The word tenure derived from a latin word “TENU”
which mean “holding of real state” or conditions of
occupancy. Land tenure thus mean a system which:
1. Describes the ownership of land
2. The condition of occupancy of land
3. The manner, and responsibility of payment

18. Meaning of Land Tenure
 Land tenure can be defined as the manner in which a party holds or occupies an area
of land. The rules governing land tenure are invented by societies to regulate land
ownership behaviors. Tenure rules help define how property rights to land are
allocated within societies.
 Land Tenure Systems:
 Communal ownership
 Inheritance
 Individual
 Leasehold
 Rent
 Gift
 Free hold
 Tenant at government will.

19. Types of Land Tenure in Bangladesh
1. Private Land Tenure: Private land tenure is assigned
to a private party. Such as individuals , married
couples or a group of people.
2. Communal Land Tenure: Communal land tenure
gives to a community the independence to use land
within the community.
3. Open-access land Tenure: Open –access land tenure
gives no specific right to anyone and no one person
can be excluded.

20. Importance of Land Tenure
Land tenure mainly three importance part such as
I. Locating actual owner: Land tenure system prevailing in
country helps to locate the actual of the land by the
Government.
II. Development of Agriculture: Land tenure system helps a
cultivator to establish right of ownership of land by
farmers.
III. Importance of society: Social structure of country is also
influenced by the land tenure system. If the land
distribution pattern in a country is skewed or uneven
then it paves the way for exploitation of farmers

21. Problem of Land Tenure System
The land tenure system are defective and created a large
number of economic and social problems in Bangladesh.
It has given birth to absentee land lords who lived in post
colonies the land lord gate their share without making
provision of efficient use of land. The cultivator are
exploited by the land lord due to high rents and insecurity
of the tenure.
Land lord is a slipping partner and takes no interest in land
utilization.
Land lord give small unite of cultivation to tents where
modern implement of agriculture can not be use.

22. Nature and Determinants of Land
Value and Land Market

23. Concept of Land Value
The value of a piece of property includes a number of
variables including location, the distance of from
commercial and health amenities (for example,
shopping centers, hospitals and restaurants), the
quality of the school district and enhancements to the
property itself. The land value of a piece of property
correlates directly with these variables. For example,
property located in an attractive setting in a safe, high-
quality school district likely has a relatively high land
value.

24. Characteristics of Land value
Below is a list of some of the more obvious characteristics that
influence property values. These assume that the land is for
residential use purposes, but it may not be:
 land size
 demographics
 proximity to schools
 proximity to shops
 proximity to transport and note how over time a characteristic
such as this, may alter from being a “not sought after
characteristic” to being a “sought after characteristic”.
 slope
 soil classification.

25. Factors affecting Land Value
Factors affecting Land Value mainly include the following:
1. Physical attributes: These include quality of location, topography, climate,
availability of water, sewer lines, etc. More and better facilities is attributed to a
higher price of land. Topography further has a direct effect on the construction
cost and thus the overall development cost.
2. Accessibility to economic activities: The more easily there is accessibility
to economic activity, the more is the value of the land. For example, most of the
metropolitan cities have the maximum land values at the center, or at the
central business district of the city.

26. Factors affecting Land Value
3. Present and future land use: The value of the land is also determined by
the land use permitted in the land premises. For example, if we compare the
values of two lands of same prices and same location but the land use
permitted in the lands are different, one is commercial and one is residential.
4. Demand and Supply Function: With the major demographic changes in
the cities with time, the need for land also increases with the same factor, with
the increase in population there is increase in economic and other activities.
5. Location and Transport Linkages: The property located in the area of high
level of infrastructure facilities or the one located in or adjacent to the area of
economical intensive activities such as markets or industries have higher
values.

27. Importance of Land Value:
Importance of Land in economics. : Land a factor of production is of
immense importance. Landis the original sources of all material wealth. ... Thus all
aspects of economic life i.e. agriculture, trade and industry are generally influenced by
natural resources which is called as “Land” in economics.
Importance of Land in Agricultural : it is typically land devoted to agriculture, the
systematic and controlled use of other forms of life—particularly the rearing of livestock
and production of crops—to produce food for humans. It is thus generally synonymous
with both farmland or cropland, as well as pasture or rangeland.
Land is considered an important resource: it provides habitation to a wide variety of
flora and fauna. It is also used by human beings for various purposes such as-agriculture,
forestry, mining, building houses and roads and setting up industries.

28. Concept of land Market
Once land is traded as a commodity a land market is considered
to exist. The land market most directly affects the urban
environment and the quality of life in cities. Efficient and
equitable land markets are a prerequisite for well functioning
cities. Efficient functioning of land markets require efficient and
updated land registration systems which clearly indicate legal
ownership of land. The key to efficient land markets is the easy
and rapid availability of developed land. This does not mean less
regulation. In fact in the urban periphery there is need for more
planning controls.

29. Characteristics of land Market
 Land market take place due to presence of demand
and supply for land in the market.
 Land markets involves mechanisms, actors, processes
and procedures facilitating and regulating land use
delivery.
 Fixity markets for land (immovable assets).

30. Rural land Market
A typical rural land market includes both sales market and
rental market. Sales market involves selling and buying
activities and rental market involves lease-in and lease-out
practices.
Apart from buyers/sellers and lease givers/lease takers, the
study has confirmed a number of other actors and
institutions as facilitators/intermediaries in land market.
Family members, relatives and friends – neighbors,
community people, villagers, elected local representatives,
professional intermediaries like Dalal, financing agencies,
local land offices (Sub-registrar's office, Tehsil office and
AC land office), real estate agencies and contract farming
companies have been identified as the main
facilitators/intermediaries.

31. Some Rural land Market

32. Urban land Market
Once land is traded as a commodity a land market is
considered to exist. The land market most directly
affects the urban environment and the quality of life in
cities. Efficient and equitable land markets are a
prerequisite for well functioning cities..

33. Urban Land Market
Source : mdpi.com

34. Land markets important functions:
1) They bring buyers and sellers together to facilitate
transactions;
2) They set prices for land;
3) Land markets allocate land by setting prices so that the
land market "clears", that is, the quantity of land offered
for sake equals the quantity of land demanded; and
4) Land prices play an important role in ensuring that land
is efficiently used. If a buyer has to pay a high price for a
land parcel because there are few such parcels for sale, he
will use the land intensively, perhaps building a multi-story
building. This pattern will be described below in greater
detail

35. Conclusion
Land is the most important part of earth surface. In economics land
comprises all natural resources as well as geographic land. Examples
include particular geographical locations, forests fish stocks,
atmospheric quality, geostationary orbit, and portion of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Supply of these resources in fixed. Land
evaluation may be concerned with present land performance.
Decisions on land use have always been part of the evolution of human
society.

36. REFERENCES
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 BBS. (2005). Statistical Pocketbook of Bangladesh 2003. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
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 BBS. 1988. Census of Agriculture and Livestock 1983-84: District Series Sherpur. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS).
 Muslim Personal Law. (1937). Muslim Personal Law (Shariah) Application Act. Enacted by the Government of India in 1937 and
subsequently applied in Bangladesh.
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