Cascade control of superheated steam temperature with neuro PID controllerISA Interchange
In this paper, an improved cascade control methodology for superheated processes is developed, in which the primary PID controller is implemented by neural networks trained by minimizing error entropy criterion. The entropy of the tracking error can be estimated recursively by utilizing receding horizon window technique. The measurable disturbances in superheated processes are input to the neuro-PID controller besides the sequences of tracking error in outer loop control system, hence, feedback control is combined with feedforward control in the proposed neuro-PID controller. The convergent condition of the neural networks is analyzed. The implementation procedures of the proposed cascade control approach are summarized. Compared with the neuro-PID controller using minimizing squared error criterion, the proposed neuro-PID controller using minimizing error entropy criterion may decrease fluctuations of the superheated steam temperature. A simulation example shows the advantages of the proposed method.
Cascade control of superheated steam temperature with neuro PID controllerISA Interchange
In this paper, an improved cascade control methodology for superheated processes is developed, in which the primary PID controller is implemented by neural networks trained by minimizing error entropy criterion. The entropy of the tracking error can be estimated recursively by utilizing receding horizon window technique. The measurable disturbances in superheated processes are input to the neuro-PID controller besides the sequences of tracking error in outer loop control system, hence, feedback control is combined with feedforward control in the proposed neuro-PID controller. The convergent condition of the neural networks is analyzed. The implementation procedures of the proposed cascade control approach are summarized. Compared with the neuro-PID controller using minimizing squared error criterion, the proposed neuro-PID controller using minimizing error entropy criterion may decrease fluctuations of the superheated steam temperature. A simulation example shows the advantages of the proposed method.
The solution to the single-source shortest-path tree problem in graph theory. This slide was prepared for Design and Analysis of Algorithm Lab for B.Tech CSE 2nd Year 4th Semester.
A Powerpoint Presentation designed to provide beginners to MATLAB an introduction to the MATLAB environment and introduce them to the fundamentals of MATLAB including matrix generation and manipulation, Arrays, MATLAB Graphics, Data Import and Export, etc
Introduction to Matlab
Lecture 1:
Introduction: What is Matlab, History of Matlab, strengths, weakness
Getting familiar with the interface: Layout, Pull down menus
Creating and manipulating objects: Variables (scalars, vectors, matrices, text strings), Operators (arithmetic, relational, logical) and built-in functions
Big O notation is used in Computer Science to describe the performance or complexity of an algorithm. Big O specifically describes the worst-case scenario, and can be used to describe the execution time required or the space used (e.g. in memory or on disk) by an algorithm.
For further information
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
References:
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/asymptotic-notation/a/asymptotic-notation
http://web.mit.edu/16.070/www/lecture/big_o.pdf
https://rob-bell.net/2009/06/a-beginners-guide-to-big-o-notation/
https://justin.abrah.ms/computer-science/big-o-notation-explained.html
Numerical Analysis And Linear Algebra..
these slides Are very Informative.. In Short Time you Can Get Enough Knowledge of Linear Algebra As well As Numericals
1) Μηχανές Turing που αποδέχονται γλώσσες
1.1) Ορισμός Αποδεκτής Γλώσσας
1.2) Κάθε Αποφασίσιμη Γλώσσα είναι Αποδεκτή
2) Καθολική Μηχανή Turing
2.1) Ορισμός του Αλγορίθμου
2.2) Η θέση Church-Turing
2.3) Μηχανές που τρέχουν μηχανές
2.4) Καθολική Μηχανή Turing
3) Η γλώσσα Halting
3.1) Ορισμός
3.2) Απόδειξη ότι δεν είναι αποφασίσιμη
3.3) Απόδειξη ότι είναι αποδεκτή
4) Κλειστότητα στις Αποδεκτές Γλώσσες
4.1) Κλειστότητα στην Ένωση
4.2) Κλειστότητα στην Τομή
4.3) Κλειστότητα στην Παράθεση
4.4) Κλειστότητα στο Αστέρι Kleene
4.5) ΌΧΙ Κλειστότητα στο Συμπλήρωμα
Ασκήσεις
Η θεωρία των λογαρίθμων και της λογαριθμικής συνάρτησης. Η παρουσίαση συνοδεύεται και με το αντίστοιχο φύλλο εργασίας, που μπορείτε να βρείτε στο blog μου στην εξής διεύθυνση: www.askesi.blogspot.gr
Osmangazi Üniversitesinde Ders Notu olarak kullanılan temel bir matlab kilavuzudur. Hedef kitlesi matematikçiler olup, matlaba yeni başlayan mühendislere de yol gösterebilir.
Anlatımda kavramlar üzerine çok durulmamıştır, adından anlaşılacağı üzere en sade hali ile verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Yararlı olması dileği ile
Muhammet ÇAĞATAY
http://muhammetcagatay.com/
The solution to the single-source shortest-path tree problem in graph theory. This slide was prepared for Design and Analysis of Algorithm Lab for B.Tech CSE 2nd Year 4th Semester.
A Powerpoint Presentation designed to provide beginners to MATLAB an introduction to the MATLAB environment and introduce them to the fundamentals of MATLAB including matrix generation and manipulation, Arrays, MATLAB Graphics, Data Import and Export, etc
Introduction to Matlab
Lecture 1:
Introduction: What is Matlab, History of Matlab, strengths, weakness
Getting familiar with the interface: Layout, Pull down menus
Creating and manipulating objects: Variables (scalars, vectors, matrices, text strings), Operators (arithmetic, relational, logical) and built-in functions
Big O notation is used in Computer Science to describe the performance or complexity of an algorithm. Big O specifically describes the worst-case scenario, and can be used to describe the execution time required or the space used (e.g. in memory or on disk) by an algorithm.
For further information
https://github.com/ashim888/dataStructureAndAlgorithm
References:
https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computer-science/algorithms/asymptotic-notation/a/asymptotic-notation
http://web.mit.edu/16.070/www/lecture/big_o.pdf
https://rob-bell.net/2009/06/a-beginners-guide-to-big-o-notation/
https://justin.abrah.ms/computer-science/big-o-notation-explained.html
Numerical Analysis And Linear Algebra..
these slides Are very Informative.. In Short Time you Can Get Enough Knowledge of Linear Algebra As well As Numericals
1) Μηχανές Turing που αποδέχονται γλώσσες
1.1) Ορισμός Αποδεκτής Γλώσσας
1.2) Κάθε Αποφασίσιμη Γλώσσα είναι Αποδεκτή
2) Καθολική Μηχανή Turing
2.1) Ορισμός του Αλγορίθμου
2.2) Η θέση Church-Turing
2.3) Μηχανές που τρέχουν μηχανές
2.4) Καθολική Μηχανή Turing
3) Η γλώσσα Halting
3.1) Ορισμός
3.2) Απόδειξη ότι δεν είναι αποφασίσιμη
3.3) Απόδειξη ότι είναι αποδεκτή
4) Κλειστότητα στις Αποδεκτές Γλώσσες
4.1) Κλειστότητα στην Ένωση
4.2) Κλειστότητα στην Τομή
4.3) Κλειστότητα στην Παράθεση
4.4) Κλειστότητα στο Αστέρι Kleene
4.5) ΌΧΙ Κλειστότητα στο Συμπλήρωμα
Ασκήσεις
Η θεωρία των λογαρίθμων και της λογαριθμικής συνάρτησης. Η παρουσίαση συνοδεύεται και με το αντίστοιχο φύλλο εργασίας, που μπορείτε να βρείτε στο blog μου στην εξής διεύθυνση: www.askesi.blogspot.gr
Osmangazi Üniversitesinde Ders Notu olarak kullanılan temel bir matlab kilavuzudur. Hedef kitlesi matematikçiler olup, matlaba yeni başlayan mühendislere de yol gösterebilir.
Anlatımda kavramlar üzerine çok durulmamıştır, adından anlaşılacağı üzere en sade hali ile verilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Yararlı olması dileği ile
Muhammet ÇAĞATAY
http://muhammetcagatay.com/
2. MATLAB’de GRAFİK İŞLEMLERİ
MATLAB diğer programlama dillerine nazaran oldukça güçlü bir grafik araç
kutusuna (toolbox)’a sahiptir.
MATLAB’de grafik çizebilmenin en
kolay yollarından biri plot
komutunu kullanmaktır.
Örnek 1:
2092
xxy
Fonksiyonun herhangi bir aralıktaki
grafiği aşağıda verilen MATLAB
komutlarını icrası ile elde edilebilir
3. GRAFİK DÜZENLEYEN KOMUTLAR
Bir grafikte aşağıda verilen tanımlamalar mevcut olmalıdır:
Grafiğin başlığı
Eksen takımlarının isimleri
Grafiğe bir isim, başlık vermek için title komutu kullanılır
X eksenine bir eksen ismi verilmesi için xlabel
Y eksenine bir eksen ismi verilmesi için ylabel komutu kullanılır
Örnek 2:
4. ÇOKLU GRAFİKLER
MATLAB’de tek bir grafik penceresinde birden fazla grafik çizdirmek mümkündür.
853)( 2
ttty56)( tty
Fonksiyonun t’ye göre değişimlerini aynı grafik üzerinde gösterebilmek için aşağıda
verilen MATLAB programı icra edilir:
Örnek 3:
6. GRAFİKLERDE ÇEŞİTLİ DÜZENLEMELER
Elde edilen grafiklerde aşağıda belirtilen düzenlemeler yapılabilir:
çizgi rengi ve tipini değiştirmek
x değişkeni ile fonksiyon değerinin kesişitiği noktaların işaretlemek
Grafiklere açıklama eklemek
Plot(x,y,’r-’) şeklindeki bir komut ile x ve y vektörlerinin grafik çizgi
renginin kırmızı ve düz bir çizgi olması sağlanır.
7. Renk İşaretleme Biçimi Çizgi biçimi
Y: sarı . : nokta - : sürekli çizgi
M:magna o : yuvarlak : : nokta nokta
B:mavi x : x işareti -. : kesikli çizgi ve nokta
R:kırmızı + :artı işareti -- : kesikli çizgi
G:yeşil * :yıldız işareti
W:beyaz S : kare
D: elmas
V : aşağı üçgen
^ : yukarı üçgen
<: sola üçgen
>: sağa üçgen
P: beşgen
8. Legend fonksiyonu ile hangi eğrinin hangi fonksiyona ait olduğu belirtilir.
GRAFİKLERDE ÇEŞİTLİ DÜZENLEMELER
Örnek 5:
9. Figure fonksiyonu ile çoklu grafikler
Birden fazla grafik penceresini açmak için figure(n) komutu kullanılır.
Burada n grafik penceresini belirtmektedir.
Örnek 6:
10. Subplot fonksiyonu ile Alt Grafikler
Aynı grafik penceresinde birden fazla grafik çizmek için subplot (a,b,c)
fonksiyonu icra edilir. Burada
a: grafik penceresinin satır sayısı
b: grafik penceresinin sütün sayısı
c: alt pencere numarası
Örnek 7:
11. Hold komutu
Aynı eksen takımında birden fazla grafik çizmek için hold komutu kullanılır. Figure
fonksiyonu kullanılmadığı sürece işletilen her bir plot komutu aynı grafik
penceresinde işlem görür.
Örnek 8:
12. Veri Grafikleri
Pasta Grafikleri: İki Boyutlu
11%
33%
6%
28%
22%
Explode ifadesi ile ilgili oran pasta
grafikten ayrı olarak çizilir.
11%
33%
6%
28%
22%
18. Uygulamalar
Uygulama 1: Yanda verilen dataları bir dosyadan okuyup
grafiğini çizen bir MATLAB programı yazınız
x y
1 10
3 13
5 15
8 16
9 18
Uygulama 2: Aşağıda verilen fonksiyonu x:-4:4, y=-4:4
aralığında 3D olarak çiziniz.
)*cos(33
yxyxz
Uygulama 3: Aşağıda verilen fonksiyonu x:-4:4, y=-4:4 aralığında 3D ve
eş yükselti eğrilerini bir grafik penceresinde birlikte gösteriniz (subplot).
22
yxz