POLYNOMIALS
What is a polynomial?
It is a kind of algebraic expression where each
term is a constant, a variable or a product of a
constant and a variable in which the variable has
a whole number (non-negative number)
exponent.
Polynomials
• The variables in
the terms of any
polynomial must
be raised to a
whole number;
that means no
square roots, no
fraction exponents,
and no negative
exponents.
• Also, there must
not be any
variables in the
denominator.
Examples of a Polynomials
• Here are some examples:
a polynomial
4x2
This has the variable inside a
radical.
NOT a polynomial
sqrt(x)
This has the variable in the
denominator.
NOT a polynomial
1/x2
This has a negative exponent.
NOT a polynomial
6x –2
Example Polynomial or Not Reason why not a polynomial
Polynomial
• The first term has
exponent 2;
• the second term has an
understood exponent 1;
• and the last term doesn't
have any variable at all,
meaning the exponent is
0, ( x0 = 1).
Identifying Like Terms and Unlike Terms
Now the variables match and the
degrees match
LIKE TERMS
4x and 3x
The second term now has the same
variable, but the degree is different
NOT like terms
4x and 3x2
The second term now has a
variable, but it doesn't match the
variable of the first term
NOT like terms
4x and 3y
The second term has no variable
NOT like terms
4x and 3
Kinds of Polynomials According to
Number of Terms
• Monomial- is a one-term polynomial such
as 2x or 4x2
• Binomial- is a two-term polynomial such
as 2x + y or x2 – 4
• Trinomial- is a three-term polynomial,
such as 2x + y + z or x4 + 4x2 – 4
• Multinomial/Polynomial- is a four-term
polynomial such as a+b+c+d or a+2b-
3c+4d+5e
Order of a Polynomial
• Polynomials are usually
written with the terms written
in "decreasing" order; that is,
with the highest exponent first,
the next highest next, and so
forth, until you get down to the
plain old number.
• The first term in the
polynomial, when it is written
in decreasing order, is also the
term with the biggest exponent,
and is called the "leading term".
Degree of a Polynomial
• The exponent on a term tells you the "degree"
of the term.
• The degree of the leading term tells you the
degree of the whole polynomial;
Examples
• 2x5 – 5x3 – 10x + 9
• 7x4 + 6x2 + x
Degree 5
Degree 4
Coefficient vs. Leading Coefficient
• When a term contains
both a number and a
variable part, the number
part is called the
"coefficient". The
coefficient on the leading
term is called the leading
coefficient.
Kinds of Polynomials According to Its Degree
• Constant-any polynomial
with a degree of zero.
• Linear—any polynomial
with a degree of one.
• Quadratic—any polynomial
with a degree of two.
• Cubic—any polynomial
with a degree of three.
• Quartic -any polynomial
with a degree of four.
• Quintic - any polynomial
with a degree of five.
2x3 + 4
3
Cubic
2x2 + 4
2
Quadratic
2x + 4
1
Linear
Example
Degree
Polynomial
Name
Constant 0 4
Quartic 4 2x4 + 4
Quintic 5 2x5 + 4

Mathematics for Grade 7: all about Polynomials.pdf

  • 1.
  • 2.
    What is apolynomial? It is a kind of algebraic expression where each term is a constant, a variable or a product of a constant and a variable in which the variable has a whole number (non-negative number) exponent.
  • 3.
    Polynomials • The variablesin the terms of any polynomial must be raised to a whole number; that means no square roots, no fraction exponents, and no negative exponents. • Also, there must not be any variables in the denominator.
  • 4.
    Examples of aPolynomials • Here are some examples: a polynomial 4x2 This has the variable inside a radical. NOT a polynomial sqrt(x) This has the variable in the denominator. NOT a polynomial 1/x2 This has a negative exponent. NOT a polynomial 6x –2 Example Polynomial or Not Reason why not a polynomial
  • 5.
    Polynomial • The firstterm has exponent 2; • the second term has an understood exponent 1; • and the last term doesn't have any variable at all, meaning the exponent is 0, ( x0 = 1).
  • 6.
    Identifying Like Termsand Unlike Terms Now the variables match and the degrees match LIKE TERMS 4x and 3x The second term now has the same variable, but the degree is different NOT like terms 4x and 3x2 The second term now has a variable, but it doesn't match the variable of the first term NOT like terms 4x and 3y The second term has no variable NOT like terms 4x and 3
  • 7.
    Kinds of PolynomialsAccording to Number of Terms • Monomial- is a one-term polynomial such as 2x or 4x2 • Binomial- is a two-term polynomial such as 2x + y or x2 – 4 • Trinomial- is a three-term polynomial, such as 2x + y + z or x4 + 4x2 – 4 • Multinomial/Polynomial- is a four-term polynomial such as a+b+c+d or a+2b- 3c+4d+5e
  • 8.
    Order of aPolynomial • Polynomials are usually written with the terms written in "decreasing" order; that is, with the highest exponent first, the next highest next, and so forth, until you get down to the plain old number. • The first term in the polynomial, when it is written in decreasing order, is also the term with the biggest exponent, and is called the "leading term".
  • 9.
    Degree of aPolynomial • The exponent on a term tells you the "degree" of the term. • The degree of the leading term tells you the degree of the whole polynomial;
  • 10.
    Examples • 2x5 –5x3 – 10x + 9 • 7x4 + 6x2 + x Degree 5 Degree 4
  • 11.
    Coefficient vs. LeadingCoefficient • When a term contains both a number and a variable part, the number part is called the "coefficient". The coefficient on the leading term is called the leading coefficient.
  • 12.
    Kinds of PolynomialsAccording to Its Degree • Constant-any polynomial with a degree of zero. • Linear—any polynomial with a degree of one. • Quadratic—any polynomial with a degree of two. • Cubic—any polynomial with a degree of three. • Quartic -any polynomial with a degree of four. • Quintic - any polynomial with a degree of five. 2x3 + 4 3 Cubic 2x2 + 4 2 Quadratic 2x + 4 1 Linear Example Degree Polynomial Name Constant 0 4 Quartic 4 2x4 + 4 Quintic 5 2x5 + 4